HPV Vaccine Acceptability
Conditions
Keywords
HPV, College men, HPV vaccine, Health belief model, HPV vaccine acceptance
Brief summary
The purposes of this study are to (1) identify predictors of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptability among college men based on the Health Belief Model through focus groups, (2) triangulate focus group results with a prior quantitative study in developing an intervention based on the Health Belief Model to enhance HPV vaccine acceptability, and (3) test the efficacy of the above intervention based on the Health Belief Model by comparing it to a knowledge-based intervention. Approximately five focus groups with ten participants in each group with college students in the ages 18-25 years will be conducted at a large Midwestern University for the qualitative piece. Data will be analyzed for categories and triangulated with previous study to develop a theory based intervention. For the quantitative piece a randomized controlled design with 45 participants in each arm (theory based intervention and knowledge based intervention) will be implemented.
Detailed description
Up to this date, there was a lack of qualitative research on vaccine acceptability among men and theory-based interventions that promote HPV vaccination among men. A few studies have been conducted with parents and physicians regarding HPV vaccination with girls, and a few regarding women's awareness and acceptability. Results indicated increasing awareness of HPV, informing costs and benefits associated with the vaccine, and perceived susceptibility. Based on this information, it is crucial to obtain a further understanding of knowledge, awareness, and predictors related to HPV and its vaccination in men. Information obtained can be utilized in developing an intervention to increase intentions of taking the HPV vaccine. Refining results will lead to a standardization of an intervention that can be implemented across college campuses.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHPV vaccine acceptability
One arm will receive health belief model based educational intervention and other arm will receive knowledge-based educational intervention.
Sponsors
University of Cincinnati
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Males * English speaking * 18-25 years * Undergraduate or graduate student at the University of Cincinnati
Exclusion criteria
* Females * Under 18 years, or above 25 years * Non- English speaking individuals * Non-university attending students * If already received HPV vaccination
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | Post intervention and up to 3 months after the interventions | Before, after and one to three month following the health belief model based educational intervention and knowledge-based educational intervention the participants will be asked if they have taken the first dose of HPV vaccine and changes noted. |
| Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | Post intervention and up to 3 months after the intervention | Before the interventions, post test after the interventions and follow-up 1 to 3 months after the interventions (health belief model based and knowledge based) participants will be asked about their intent to take the HPV vaccine on a scale of 0-4 Likert units and changes noted. Posttest was conducted immediately after the intervention. Minimum score = 0 indicating no intent to take vaccine; Maximum score = 4 indicating strong intent to take vaccine. Scale was a single item scale. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | post intervention and up to 3 months after the interventions | Before the interventions, after the interventions and one month following the interventions the health belief model construct of Perceived benefits of HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived benefits of HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a four item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 16 (0-not very likely and 16- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions. |
| Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | post interventions and up to 3 months after the intervention | Before the interventions, post test after the interventions following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived barriers to receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived barriers for receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely to 12- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. A difference between post-test and pre-test were taken to obtain the score. This score was then used in the regression. |
| Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | Post interventions and up to 3 months after the interventions | Before the interventions, after the interventions and up to 3 months following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived susceptibility for HPV scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived susceptibility for HPV will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely and 12-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions. |
| Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | Post interventions and up to 3 months follow-up | Before the interventions and after the interventions the health belief model construct of self-efficacy for receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Self-efficacy for receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely to 12- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. The difference between post and pre-test was taken to determine a change score. This score was then used for regressions. |
| Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | Post interventions and up to three months after the intervention | Before the interventions, and after the interventions and up to 3 months after the interventions the health belief model construct of cues to action to receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Cues to action to receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a four item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 16 (0- not at all likely to 16-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between post and pre-test were used to obtain a change score. This score was used for regressions. |
| Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | Post interventions and up to 3 months after the intervention | Before the interventions, after the interventions and up to 3 months following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived severity for HPV scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived severity for HPV will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 to 12 (0- not likely and 12-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment for Phase I of the study was conducted between Oct. 2011-Nov. 2011 at the University of Cincinnati. Snowball sampling was done (n=50). Phase II occurred between March 2012-April 2012 at the University. A snowball sample was used. 90 participants were recruited. A post test was done immediately after the intervention.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Health Belief Model Based Education This experimental arm will provide an educational intervention designed to modify constructs of health belief model regarding HPV vaccine acceptability.
HPV vaccine acceptability : One arm will receive health belief model based educational intervention and other arm will receive knowledge-based educational intervention. | 45 |
| Knowledge-based Education This comparison arm will provide education based on knowledge regarding HPV vaccine acceptability.
HPV vaccine acceptability : One arm will receive health belief model based educational intervention and other arm will receive knowledge-based educational intervention. | 45 |
| Total | 90 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 35 | 39 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Knowledge-based Education | Health Belief Model Based Education | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 45 Participants | 45 Participants | 90 Participants |
| Age Continuous | 20.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.44 | 19.76 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.04 | 20.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.14 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 45 participants | 45 participants | 90 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 45 Participants | 45 Participants | 90 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 45 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 45 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine
Before, after and one to three month following the health belief model based educational intervention and knowledge-based educational intervention the participants will be asked if they have taken the first dose of HPV vaccine and changes noted.
Time frame: Post intervention and up to 3 months after the interventions
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Have Taken the HPV Vaccine | 0 participants |
Primary
Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units)
Before the interventions, post test after the interventions and follow-up 1 to 3 months after the interventions (health belief model based and knowledge based) participants will be asked about their intent to take the HPV vaccine on a scale of 0-4 Likert units and changes noted. Posttest was conducted immediately after the intervention. Minimum score = 0 indicating no intent to take vaccine; Maximum score = 4 indicating strong intent to take vaccine. Scale was a single item scale.
Time frame: Post intervention and up to 3 months after the intervention
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 2.16 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 2.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 2.78 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.11 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 2.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 2.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.06 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions the Number of Participants Who Intend to Take HPV Vaccine Using HPV Intent Scale (Possible Range 0-4 Likert Units) | 1.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine
Before the interventions and after the interventions the health belief model construct of self-efficacy for receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Self-efficacy for receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely to 12- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. The difference between post and pre-test was taken to determine a change score. This score was then used for regressions.
Time frame: Post interventions and up to 3 months follow-up
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.88 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.59 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 8.49 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.05 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.51 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 8.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline and After the Interventions to up to 3 Months Follow-up in Score of Self-efficacy for Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine
Before the interventions, and after the interventions and up to 3 months after the interventions the health belief model construct of cues to action to receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Cues to action to receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a four item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 16 (0- not at all likely to 16-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between post and pre-test were used to obtain a change score. This score was used for regressions.
Time frame: Post interventions and up to three months after the intervention
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 3.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.73 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 4.35 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.72 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 5.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.78 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 4.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.57 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.17 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to After the Interventions to Follow-up up to 3 Months After the Interventions in Score of Cues to Action to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.09 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV
Before the interventions, after the interventions and up to 3 months following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived susceptibility for HPV scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived susceptibility for HPV will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely and 12-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions.
Time frame: Post interventions and up to 3 months after the interventions
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 3.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.82 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 3.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 5.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.65 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 3.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.99 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 4.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.62 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Intervention to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) After the Interventions in Score of Perceived Susceptibility for HPV | 5.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.78 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine
Before the interventions, post test after the interventions following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived barriers to receiving HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived barriers for receiving HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 (0- not likely to 12- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. A difference between post-test and pre-test were taken to obtain the score. This score was then used in the regression.
Time frame: post interventions and up to 3 months after the intervention
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.95 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 5.35 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.92 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 3.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.04 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 5.49 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 4.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.98 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to Follow-up (up to 3 Months) in the Score of Perceived Barriers to Receiving HPV Vaccine | 6.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.98 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine
Before the interventions, after the interventions and one month following the interventions the health belief model construct of Perceived benefits of HPV vaccine scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived benefits of HPV vaccine will be measured as a summative score on a four item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 16 (0-not very likely and 16- very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions.
Time frame: post intervention and up to 3 months after the interventions
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 5.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 7.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.05 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 9.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 7.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.13 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 7.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.97 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test After the Interventions to up to 3 Month Follow-up in Score of Perceived Benefits of HPV Vaccine | 5.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.86 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV
Before the interventions, after the interventions and up to 3 months following the interventions the health belief model construct of perceived severity for HPV scores will be measured on a paper pencil self-report test and changes noted. Perceived severity for HPV will be measured as a summative score on a three item Likert subscale with a range of 0 to 12 to 12 (0- not likely and 12-very likely). The subscale has acceptable validity and reliability. Difference between posttest and pre-test was done. This value was then used to run the multiple regressions.
Time frame: Post interventions and up to 3 months after the intervention
Population: A sample size of 90 men total (Erdfleder, Faul, \& Buchner, 1996) was needed for the intervention. This was calculated by G\*Power based on: alpha= 0.05, power=.80, groups=2, measurements=2, effect size=.20, correlations among repeated measures-0.5, nonsphericity correction ε=1, giving us total sample of 90.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 9.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.93 |
| Baseline Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 9.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.85 |
| Post Test Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 10.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Post Test Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 9.11 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
| Follow-up Health Belief Model Based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 11.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| Follow-up Knowledge-based Education | Change From Baseline to Post Test to Upto 3 Month Follow-up After the Interventions in Score for Perceived Severity for HPV | 8.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.37 |