Asthma
Conditions
Keywords
persistent allergic asthma, asthma exacerbations reduction, Xolair® (omalizumab), Flovent® Diskus® (fluticasone), placebo, inhaled corticosteroid therapy, anti-immunoglobulin E therapy, anti-IgE therapy
Brief summary
The purpose of this trial is to compare the efficacy of 4 to 5 months of three treatments - omalizumab, corticosteroid therapy boost, and placebo - in reducing fall exacerbations in inner-city children and adolescents with allergic persistent asthma when initiated approximately 4 -6 weeks prior to the start of the first day of each participant's school year.
Detailed description
While the increase in the prevalence of asthma has abated, levels of asthma morbidity and mortality remain near record highs. An asthma exacerbation is a major factor contributing to morbidity, and even mortality in patients with asthma. Although current approaches to treatment have reduced these risks, asthma exacerbations are major problems for inner-city patients and their families, and prevention of these events continues to be a significant challenge. In children with asthma, there are predictable seasonal epidemics of exacerbations, especially during the fall season, otherwise known as the September epidemic.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALOmalizumab
Participants received active omalizumab (Xolair(R)) injections and a placebo inhaler. Each participant received omalizumab (Xolair(R)) subcutaneous injections at minimum dose of 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (immunoglobulin E) \[IU/mL\] every 2 or 4 weeks during the 4-5 months treatment period. All participants received standardized specialist asthma care.
DRUGInhaled Corticosteroid Boost Therapy (ICS)
Self-administered fluticasone (Flovent ® Diskus®) inhalers sufficient to deliver the required 200 mcg or 500 mcg daily boost of fluticasone. All participants will receive standardized specialist asthma care.
BIOLOGICALPlacebo omalizumab
Placebo was administered subcutaneously every 2 or 4 weeks over a period of 4 to 5 months. Doses (mg) and dosing frequency were determined by serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level (IU/mL) and body weight (kg). Also, participants continued with their conventional asthma therapy according to the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP, 2007) guidelines, under the management of an asthma specialist health care provider.
BIOLOGICALPlacebo fluticasone
Self-administered placebo fluticasone (placebo Flovent ® Diskus®) inhalers identical in dose and guidance as active fluticasone. All participants will receive standardized specialist asthma care.
Sponsors
Inner-City Asthma Consortium
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
: * Combined body weight (as measured at the screening visit) and total serum IgE level (as measured within 3 months of the screening visit) suitable for omalizumab (Xolair®) dosing; * A diagnosis of asthma by a clinician made more than 1 year prior to recruitment; participants who received an asthma diagnosis by a clinician less than 1 year prior to recruitment must report that their respiratory symptoms were present for more than 1 year prior to recruitment; * Having a requirement for at least 100 mcg fluticasone 100 mcg twice a day or equivalent at the Assumption of Care Visit AND who meet at least one of the following criteria: i. ≥1 asthma-related exacerbations, separated by at least two weeks, requiring treatment with a systemic corticosteroid course in the previous 12 months ii. ≥1 asthma-related overnight hospitalizations in the past 12 months. * A positive prick skin-test to at least one perennial allergen (i.e. dust mite, cockroach, mold, cat, dog, rat, mouse) documented at the screening visit or at a ICAC study visit within 12 months of the screening visit; * Primary place of residence is in one of the pre-selected recruitment census tracts; * Able to perform spirometry; * Parent or legal guardian is willing to sign the written informed consent (age appropriate) prior to initiation of any study procedure; * Willing to sign the assent form, if age appropriate; * A history of chickenpox or receipt of the chickenpox vaccine; * Insurance which covers costs of medications; and * Have not used and do not plan to restart any of the following medications in the 7 days prior to the first visit: tricyclic antidepressants, ketaconazole, or beta adrenergic blocker drugs (oral and/or topical).
Exclusion criteria
Participants who meet any of the following criteria are not eligible for enrollment but may be reassessed: * Assigned to a treatment of less than 100 mcg fluticasone twice a day or equivalent at the Assumption of Care Visit; * Pregnant or lactating. Females of child-bearing potential (post-menarche) must be abstinent or use a medically acceptable birth control method throughout the study (e.g. oral, subcutaneous, mechanical, or surgical contraception); * Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities (not associated with the study indication) at the screening visit; * Platelet count less than 100 x 10\^9/L at the screening visit; * Currently participating in another asthma-related pharmaceutical study or intervention study or who have participated in another asthma-related pharmaceutical study or intervention study in the month prior to Recruitment; * Living with a foster parent: exception -not applicable if participant is able to provide consent; * Does not have access to a phone (needed for scheduling appointments); * Plan(s) to move from the area during the study period; * Has previously been treated with omalizumab (Xolair®) within 1 year of recruitment; * Currently receiving or has received hyposensitization therapy to any allergen in the past year prior to recruitment; * Has received hyposensitization therapy to dust mite, Alternaria or cockroach for ≥ 6 months in the past 3 years prior to Recruitment; * Has experienced a life-threatening asthma exacerbation in the last 2 years requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, or resulting in a hypoxic seizure; * Home-schooled or in year round school; * Are currently taking or who have taken any of the following medications within 4 weeks of the Screening Visit: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine, tranylcypromine); tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants; beta adrenergic blocker drugs (both oral and topical); anticonvulsants(carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, mephobarbital, primidone,ethosuximide, methsuximide, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, valproic acid, divalproex sodium, zonisamide); protease inhibitors(ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir); calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem); modafinil; tamoxifen; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; macrolide antibiotics\*(erythromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, troleandomycin); chloramphenicol; nefazodone; aprepitant; St. John's Wort (hypericum); Rifampin\*; Azole antifungals\* (ketoconazole, fluconazole,itraconazole); Sibutramine\*; bergamottin\* (constituent of grapefruit juice).\*may be rescreened if this therapy is short-lived; * Will not allow the study clinician, an asthma specialist, to manage their disease for the duration of the study or who are not willing to change their asthma medications to follow the protocol. Participants who meet any of the following criteria are not eligible for assumption of care and may not be reassessed except where noted: * A current severe hypersensitivity to milk; * Individuals who were enrolled in the previous ICAC trial, Inner-City Anti-IgE Therapy for Asthma (ICATA,ICAC-NCT00377572); * Individuals who have any medical illnesses that in the opinion of the investigators would a.) increase the risk the subject would incur by participating in the study; b.) interfere with the measured outcomes of the study; or c.) interfere with the performance of the study procedures. Examples of such diseases are: cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, type 1 diabetes, hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, sickle cell disease, cerebral palsy, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, parasite infections, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. * Known hypersensitivity to any ingredients, including excipients (sucrose, histidine, polysorbate 20) of the study medication or drugs related to omalizumab (e.g. monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal gamma globulin) or fluticasone; * Currently have diagnosed cancer, are currently being investigated for possible cancer, or who have a history of cancer; * Do not primarily speak English (or Spanish at centers with Spanish speaking staff) * The participant's caretaker does not primarily speak English (or Spanish at centers with Spanish speaking staff); not applicable if participant is able to provide consent. * A history of severe(grade 3) anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reaction(s).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (All Treatment Steps [Steps 2-5]) | 90 Day outcome period | Asthma exacerbation defined as a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥ 20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. Odds ratio comparing Placebo and Omalizumab arms across all treatment steps (Steps 2-5). |
| Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (Treatment Steps 2-4) | 90 Day outcome period | Asthma exacerbation defined as a prescription of a course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. Odds ratio comparing Inhaled corticosteroid boost therapy (ICS) and Omalizumab arms at Treatment Steps 2-4. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Exacerbations Evaluated Monthly With Viral Respiratory Infections: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | Asthma exacerbation is defined as a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. The hypothesis behind this outcome measure is that omalizumab will change virology; thus, the intent of this measure was to assess the comparator group of placebo against omalizumab. |
| Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | CASI scores include 5 domains: day symptoms and albuterol use, night symptoms and albuterol use, controller treatment, lung function measures, and exacerbations. To calculate CASI, the 5 domain scores are summed to determine a final score, which can range from 0 to 20, with 0 being no severity of asthma and 20 being extremely severe asthma. |
| Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | CASI scores include 5 domains: day symptoms and albuterol use, night symptoms and albuterol use, controller treatment, lung function measures, and exacerbations. To calculate CASI, the 5 domain scores are summed to determine a final score, which can range from 0 to 20, with 0 being no severity of asthma and 20 being extremely severe asthma. |
| Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted, Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | FEV1 is air volume exhaled in 1 second during spirometry. Asthma severity classification for trial: mild--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; moderate--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 \<80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; severe--requiring high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids with/without continuous/near continuous oral glucocorticoids, or uncontrolled despite treatment. FEV1 percent of predicted value is FEV1 converted to a percentage of normal, based on height, weight, and race. |
| Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted , Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | FEV1 is air volume exhaled in 1 second during spirometry. Asthma severity classification for trial: mild--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; moderate--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 \<80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; severe--requiring high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids with/without continuous/near continuous oral glucocorticoids, or uncontrolled despite treatment. FEV1 percent of predicted value is FEV1 converted to a percentage of normal, based on height, weight, and race. |
| Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | The FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1))/ FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio is used to evaluate airways obstructions since pure restrictive ventilatory defects cause an equal reduction in the FEV1 and the FVC. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 80% indicates airflow obstruction. Normal FEV1/FVC: 8 - 19 years of age=85%. |
| Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | The FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1))/ FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio is used to evaluate airways obstructions since pure restrictive ventilatory defects cause an equal reduction in the FEV1 and the FVC. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 80% indicates airflow obstruction. Normal FEV1/FVC: 8 - 19 years of age=85%. |
| Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | Outcome measure description: The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a validated tool to assess asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ≥12 yrs old. It is comprised of 5 questions assessing symptoms, use of rescue medications, and the impact of asthma on everyday functioning. All questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (higher score indicating better control). Total scores can range from 5-25. A score of ≤19 is indicative of not well-controlled asthma. The minimally important difference is 3 points. |
| Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a validated tool to assess asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ≥12 yrs old. It is comprised of 5 questions assessing symptoms, use of rescue medications, and the impact of asthma on everyday functioning. All questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (higher score indicating better control). Total scores can range from 5-25. A score of ≤19 is indicative of not well-controlled asthma. The minimally important difference is 3 points. |
| Virus-induced Exacerbations as Measured by an Exacerbation That is Associated With a Virus Detected Using the Nasal Mucus Samples | 90 Day outcome period | Asthma exacerbation:defined by a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the 1st day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥ 20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥ 10mg per day for ≥1 day. Exacerbations were then associated with viral respiratory infections based on nasal mucus samples collected monthly. Nasal mucus samples were categorized as having exacerbations or not having exacerbations. Participants could potentially be counted in each group, as participants could have samples with exacerbations and samples without exacerbations. |
| Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) is a validated tool to assess overall asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ages 4 to 11 years. Scores can range from 0 to 27. A score of 19 or less is indicative of asthma that is not well controlled. The minimally important difference in C-ACT scores is not defined. |
| Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | The ratio of the work hours missed due to child's asthma over the numbers of work hours in the past 14 days among caretakers working. |
| Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | The ratio of the work hours missed due to child's asthma over the numbers of work hours in the past 14 days among caretakers working |
| School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | The ratio of the number of school days missed over the numbers of school days in session |
| School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | The ratio of the number of school days missed over the numbers of school days in session |
| Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | Adherence to the study regimen and other asthma treatments, assessed as percent of expected dose taken, by means of study interviews and study physician corroboration. |
| Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90 Day outcome period | Adherence to the study regimen and other asthma treatments, assessed as percent of expected dose taken, by means of study interviews and study physician corroboration. |
| Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | Residential environmental exposure to cockroach allergen of participants in the context of the risk of asthma exacerbations and effect of omalizumab versus placebo (control) on asthma exacerbations was explored. Presence of cockroach allergen in household dust samples was assessed. Exacerbation defined as: participant required either 1.)a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician2.)initiation of a course of systemic steroids or 3.)a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. In cases that a participant initiated and completed a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, the course was counted as an exacerbation only with fulfillment of the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day). |
| Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) is a validated tool to assess overall asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ages 4 to 11 years. Scores can range from 0 to 27. A score of 19 or less is indicative of asthma that is not well controlled. The minimally important difference in C-ACT scores is not defined |
| Severity of Asthma Symptoms Associated With a Viral Infection:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 90 Day outcome period | Severity asthma symptoms is defined as the highest value among the following 3 variables: number of days with wheezing, tightness in the chest, or cough; number of nights with disturbed sleep as a result of asthma; and number of days on which a participant had to slow down or discontinue play/physical activities over a two week period associated with a viral infection. This outcome looks at the effect by group on number of days with asthma symptoms and infections. The hypothesis behind this outcome measure is that omalizumab will change virology; thus, the the intent of this measure was to assess the comparator group of placebo against omalizumab |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Eight National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Inner-City Asthma Consortium (ICAC) sites in the United States recruited the targeted number of study participants who fulfilled entry criteria. Recruitment occurred September 2011 to March 2014.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Omalizumab Participants received active omalizumab (Xolair(R)) injections and a placebo inhaler. Each participant received omalizumab (Xolair(R)) subcutaneous injections at minimum dose of 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (immunoglobulin E) \[IU/mL\] every 2 or 4 weeks during the 4-5 months treatment period. All participants received standardized specialist asthma care. | 259 |
| Inhaled Corticosteroid Boost Therapy (ICS) Participants in the Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) boost arm received active ICS and placebo injections of omalizumab (Xolair(R)). Self-administered fluticasone (Flovent (R) Diskus) inhalers sufficient to deliver the required 200 mcg or 500 mcg daily boost of fluticasone were used. All participants received standardized specialist asthma care. | 130 |
| Placebo Participants in the placebo group received placebo injection and placebo inhaler. All participants received standardized specialist asthma care. | 89 |
| Total | 478 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 9 | 1 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Omalizumab | Inhaled Corticosteroid Boost Therapy (ICS) | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 259 Participants | 130 Participants | 89 Participants | 478 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Customized 12-17 years | 69 participants | 28 participants | 22 participants | 119 participants |
| Age, Customized 6-11 years | 190 participants | 102 participants | 67 participants | 359 participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 88 Participants | 43 Participants | 30 Participants | 161 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 171 Participants | 87 Participants | 59 Participants | 317 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 152 Participants | 82 Participants | 57 Participants | 291 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 27 Participants | 12 Participants | 9 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 36 Participants | 16 Participants | 11 Participants | 63 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 37 Participants | 18 Participants | 9 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 259 participants | 130 participants | 89 participants | 478 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 85 Participants | 60 Participants | 30 Participants | 175 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 174 Participants | 70 Participants | 59 Participants | 303 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 259 | 0 / 130 | 0 / 89 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 41 / 259 | 16 / 130 | 12 / 89 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 259 | 1 / 130 | 1 / 89 |
Outcome results
Primary
Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (All Treatment Steps [Steps 2-5])
Asthma exacerbation defined as a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥ 20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. Odds ratio comparing Placebo and Omalizumab arms across all treatment steps (Steps 2-5).
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (All Treatment Steps [Steps 2-5]) | 11.3 Percent of adjusted prevalence |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (All Treatment Steps [Steps 2-5]) | 21.0 Percent of adjusted prevalence |
Comparison: Null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the arms. Power calculation is described in detail in the study protocol.p-value: 0.0395% CI: [0.25, 0.92]Odds Ratio
Primary
Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (Treatment Steps 2-4)
Asthma exacerbation defined as a prescription of a course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. Odds ratio comparing Inhaled corticosteroid boost therapy (ICS) and Omalizumab arms at Treatment Steps 2-4.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (Treatment Steps 2-4) | 8.4 Percent of adjusted prevalence |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Occurrence of One or More Asthma Exacerbations (Treatment Steps 2-4) | 11.1 Percent of adjusted prevalence |
Comparison: Null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the arms. Power calculation is described in detail in the study protocol.p-value: 0.4595% CI: [0.33, 1.64]Odds Ratio
Secondary
Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) is a validated tool to assess overall asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ages 4 to 11 years. Scores can range from 0 to 27. A score of 19 or less is indicative of asthma that is not well controlled. The minimally important difference in C-ACT scores is not defined.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available C-ACT Scores
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 23.7 C-ACT Score | Standard Error 0.29 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 23.1 C-ACT Score | Standard Error 0.26 |
p-value: 0.1295% CI: [-0.15, 1.3]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) is a validated tool to assess overall asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ages 4 to 11 years. Scores can range from 0 to 27. A score of 19 or less is indicative of asthma that is not well controlled. The minimally important difference in C-ACT scores is not defined
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available C-ACT Scores
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 23.2 C-ACT Score | Standard Error 0.19 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Asthma Control Test Score: Child Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 22.5 C-ACT Score | Standard Error 0.31 |
p-value: 0.0595% CI: [0, 1.41]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a validated tool to assess asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ≥12 yrs old. It is comprised of 5 questions assessing symptoms, use of rescue medications, and the impact of asthma on everyday functioning. All questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (higher score indicating better control). Total scores can range from 5-25. A score of ≤19 is indicative of not well-controlled asthma. The minimally important difference is 3 points.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available ACT Scores
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 23.0 ACT Score | Standard Error 0.26 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 22.9 ACT Score | Standard Error 0.32 |
p-value: 0.8995% CI: [-0.76, 0.86]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
Outcome measure description: The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a validated tool to assess asthma control (over the last 4 weeks) in patients ≥12 yrs old. It is comprised of 5 questions assessing symptoms, use of rescue medications, and the impact of asthma on everyday functioning. All questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (higher score indicating better control). Total scores can range from 5-25. A score of ≤19 is indicative of not well-controlled asthma. The minimally important difference is 3 points.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available ACT scores
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 22.9 ACT Score | Standard Error 0.19 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Asthma Control Test Scores: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 21.8 ACT Score | Standard Error 0.35 |
p-value: 0.00695% CI: [0.32, 1.9]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo
Residential environmental exposure to cockroach allergen of participants in the context of the risk of asthma exacerbations and effect of omalizumab versus placebo (control) on asthma exacerbations was explored. Presence of cockroach allergen in household dust samples was assessed. Exacerbation defined as: participant required either 1.)a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician2.)initiation of a course of systemic steroids or 3.)a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. In cases that a participant initiated and completed a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, the course was counted as an exacerbation only with fulfillment of the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day).
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Prespecified Outcome Measure: analysis limited to the Omalizumab and Placebo Groups.~Analysis: intent-to-treat (with available data).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | Exposure to cockroach. No exacerbations. | 37 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | Exposure to cockroach. Exacerbations | 7 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | No exposure to cockroach. No exacerbations. | 119 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | No exposure to cockroach. Exacerbations | 16 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | No exposure to cockroach. Exacerbations | 13 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | Exposure to cockroach. No exacerbations. | 18 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | No exposure to cockroach. No exacerbations. | 28 Participants |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Comparison of Home Allergen (Cockroach) Exposure and Asthma Exacerbations: Omalizumab Versus Placebo | Exposure to cockroach. Exacerbations | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
CASI scores include 5 domains: day symptoms and albuterol use, night symptoms and albuterol use, controller treatment, lung function measures, and exacerbations. To calculate CASI, the 5 domain scores are summed to determine a final score, which can range from 0 to 20, with 0 being no severity of asthma and 20 being extremely severe asthma.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available CASI scores
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 4.6 CASI Score | Standard Error 0.23 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 4.8 CASI Score | Standard Error 0.24 |
p-value: 0.3995% CI: [-0.86, 0.34]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
CASI scores include 5 domains: day symptoms and albuterol use, night symptoms and albuterol use, controller treatment, lung function measures, and exacerbations. To calculate CASI, the 5 domain scores are summed to determine a final score, which can range from 0 to 20, with 0 being no severity of asthma and 20 being extremely severe asthma.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 4.9 CASI Score | Standard Error 0.15 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Composite Asthma Severity Index (CASI), Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 5.5 CASI Score | Standard Error 0.27 |
p-value: 0.0995% CI: [-1.11, 0.07]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Number of Exacerbations Evaluated Monthly With Viral Respiratory Infections: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
Asthma exacerbation is defined as a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the first day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥10mg per day for ≥1 day. The hypothesis behind this outcome measure is that omalizumab will change virology; thus, the intent of this measure was to assess the comparator group of placebo against omalizumab.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: The pre-specified intent for Outcome Measure: analysis inclusion limited to the Omalizumab and Placebo Groups.~Analysis: intent-to-treat (with available data).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Number of Exacerbations Evaluated Monthly With Viral Respiratory Infections: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 5.6 Total Number of Viral Infections | Standard Error 0.19 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Number of Exacerbations Evaluated Monthly With Viral Respiratory Infections: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 5.8 Total Number of Viral Infections | Standard Error 0.13 |
p-value: 0.55295% CI: [0.87, 1.31]Chi-squared
p-value: 0.3795% CI: [0.87, 1.44]Chi-squared
Secondary
Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
Adherence to the study regimen and other asthma treatments, assessed as percent of expected dose taken, by means of study interviews and study physician corroboration.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 88.4 percent adherence | Standard Error 1.12 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 88.6 percent adherence | Standard Error 1.08 |
p-value: 0.8695% CI: [-3.26, 2.71]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
Adherence to the study regimen and other asthma treatments, assessed as percent of expected dose taken, by means of study interviews and study physician corroboration.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 88.6 percent adherence | Standard Error 0.77 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Percent Adherence to Asthma Medication, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 88.8 percent adherence | Standard Error 1.28 |
p-value: 0.995% CI: [-3.08, 2.72]Regression, Linear
Secondary
School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
The ratio of the number of school days missed over the numbers of school days in session
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 0.9 Ratio | Standard Error 0.25 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 2.0 Ratio | Standard Error 0.63 |
p-value: 0.0695% CI: [0.23, 1.02]Negative Binomial Generalized Estimating
Secondary
School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo
The ratio of the number of school days missed over the numbers of school days in session
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 1.2 Ratio | Standard Error 0.2 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | School Absences (Percent), Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 1.6 Ratio | Standard Error 0.47 |
p-value: 0.3195% CI: [0.39, 1.35]Negative Binomial Generalized Estimating
Secondary
Severity of Asthma Symptoms Associated With a Viral Infection:Omalizumab vs. Placebo
Severity asthma symptoms is defined as the highest value among the following 3 variables: number of days with wheezing, tightness in the chest, or cough; number of nights with disturbed sleep as a result of asthma; and number of days on which a participant had to slow down or discontinue play/physical activities over a two week period associated with a viral infection. This outcome looks at the effect by group on number of days with asthma symptoms and infections. The hypothesis behind this outcome measure is that omalizumab will change virology; thus, the the intent of this measure was to assess the comparator group of placebo against omalizumab
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: The pre-specified intent for Outcome Measure: analysis inclusion limited to the Omalizumab and Placebo Groups.~Analysis: intent-to-treat (with available data).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Severity of Asthma Symptoms Associated With a Viral Infection:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 1.2 Maximum Symptoms Days | Standard Error 0.09 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Severity of Asthma Symptoms Associated With a Viral Infection:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 1.8 Maximum Symptoms Days | Standard Error 0.23 |
p-value: 0.9495% CI: [-0.1, 0.11]F-Test
p-value: 0.3395% CI: [-0.4, 0.13]F-Test
Secondary
Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
The FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1))/ FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio is used to evaluate airways obstructions since pure restrictive ventilatory defects cause an equal reduction in the FEV1 and the FVC. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 80% indicates airflow obstruction. Normal FEV1/FVC: 8 - 19 years of age=85%.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 79.1 percent FEV1/FVC ratio | Standard Error 0.64 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 77.9 percent FEV1/FVC ratio | Standard Error 0.65 |
p-value: 0.295% CI: [-0.61, 2.91]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
The FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1))/ FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio is used to evaluate airways obstructions since pure restrictive ventilatory defects cause an equal reduction in the FEV1 and the FVC. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 80% indicates airflow obstruction. Normal FEV1/FVC: 8 - 19 years of age=85%.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 78.6 percent FEV1/FVC ratio | Standard Error 0.44 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Spirometry Measurements: FEV1:FVCx100, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 78.4 percent FEV1/FVC ratio | Standard Error 0.78 |
p-value: 0.7895% CI: [-1.49, 1.99]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted , Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
FEV1 is air volume exhaled in 1 second during spirometry. Asthma severity classification for trial: mild--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; moderate--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 \<80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; severe--requiring high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids with/without continuous/near continuous oral glucocorticoids, or uncontrolled despite treatment. FEV1 percent of predicted value is FEV1 converted to a percentage of normal, based on height, weight, and race.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted , Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 93.2 percent predicted FEV1 | Standard Error 1.15 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted , Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 90.8 percent predicted FEV1 | Standard Error 1.16 |
p-value: 0.1495% CI: [-0.76, 5.51]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted, Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo
FEV1 is air volume exhaled in 1 second during spirometry. Asthma severity classification for trial: mild--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; moderate--pre-bronchodilator FEV1 \<80% predicted requiring no/ low-moderate dose of inhaled glucocorticoids; severe--requiring high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids with/without continuous/near continuous oral glucocorticoids, or uncontrolled despite treatment. FEV1 percent of predicted value is FEV1 converted to a percentage of normal, based on height, weight, and race.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted, Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 92.2 percent predicted FEV1 | Standard Error 0.79 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Spirometry Measurements: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) % Predicted, Treatment Steps 2-5:Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 92.5 percent predicted FEV1 | Standard Error 1.38 |
p-value: 0.8495% CI: [-3.42, 2.78]Regression, Linear
Secondary
Virus-induced Exacerbations as Measured by an Exacerbation That is Associated With a Virus Detected Using the Nasal Mucus Samples
Asthma exacerbation:defined by a prescribed course of systemic steroids by a clinician or initiation of a course of systemic steroids by a participant or a hospitalization during the fall outcome period (90 day period beginning on the 1st day of the participant's school year) to prevent a serious asthma outcome. If a participant initiates and completes a course of systemic steroids without clinician involvement, this course will be counted only if it meets the following minimum dosage: prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone at ≥ 20mg per day for 3 of any 5 consecutive days; or dexamethasone at ≥ 10mg per day for ≥1 day. Exacerbations were then associated with viral respiratory infections based on nasal mucus samples collected monthly. Nasal mucus samples were categorized as having exacerbations or not having exacerbations. Participants could potentially be counted in each group, as participants could have samples with exacerbations and samples without exacerbations.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Nasal mucus samples
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Virus-induced Exacerbations as Measured by an Exacerbation That is Associated With a Virus Detected Using the Nasal Mucus Samples | 71.8 Percent Samples with virus |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Virus-induced Exacerbations as Measured by an Exacerbation That is Associated With a Virus Detected Using the Nasal Mucus Samples | 40.4 Percent Samples with virus |
p-value: <0.0195% CI: [2.38, 5.22]Chi-squared
Secondary
Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS
The ratio of the work hours missed due to child's asthma over the numbers of work hours in the past 14 days among caretakers working
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available data
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 0.003 Ratio | Standard Error 0.001 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-4: Omalizumab vs. ICS | 0.003 Ratio | Standard Error 0.001 |
p-value: 0.9995% CI: [0.29, 3.46]Negative Binomial Generalized Estimating
Secondary
Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo
The ratio of the work hours missed due to child's asthma over the numbers of work hours in the past 14 days among caretakers working.
Time frame: 90 Day outcome period
Population: Intent-to-treat with available data
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab | Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 0.003 Ratio | Standard Error 0.001 |
| Treatment Steps 2-5: Placebo | Work Disruptions Due to Child's Asthma, Treatment Steps 2-5: Omalizumab vs. Placebo | 0.004 Ratio | Standard Error 0.003 |
p-value: 0.6395% CI: [0.19, 0.72]Negative Binomial Generalized Estimating