Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
Peanut, Blood glucose, Insulin, Non-esterified free fatty acids, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Peptide YY, Cholecystokinin, Appetitive, Food intake
Brief summary
Nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of peanut (whole or peanut butter) to breakfast meals on glycemic, insulinemic and selected gut hormone responses, appetite, and food intake over two consecutive meals in obese women with high Type 2 diabetes risk. Fifteen women participated in a randomized crossover trial where 42.5g of whole peanuts (P), peanut butter (PB), or no peanuts (control-C) were added to a 75g available carbohydrate-matched breakfast meal. Postprandial concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), appetitive sensations and food intake were assessed after breakfast treatments and a standard lunch (75g available carbohydrate).
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTWhole peanuts without skins, Peanut butter, or no peanuts (control)
In accordance with the Food and Drug Administration qualified health claim regarding daily nut intake, 42.5 g of whole peanuts or peanut butter were added to a 75g available carbohydrate-matched breakfast meal each test session.
Sponsors
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Federal University of Vicosa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Body mass index between 30 - 35 kg/M2 * Not taking medications known to affect glycemia, fat metabolism, or appetite * Regular breakfast consumer (≥100 kilocalories ingested within 2 hours of waking on ≥4d/wk) * No body weight fluctuation (\<5kg in the past 3 months) * Willingness to eat all test foods * No self-reported allergy to the foods provided in the study * No self-reported sleep disorders * At least one of the following conditions: waist circumference ≥ 88 cm; reported family history of Type 2 diabetes in first degree relatives; capillary glycemia between 5.5 - 7.0 mmol/L; and/or a 2-hour blood glucose of 7.8 - 11.1 mmol/L (impaired glucose tolerance)
Exclusion criteria
* Type 2 diabetes mellitus * Dyslipidemia * High blood pressure
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in glucose homeostasis at eight hours | Baseline (-10), 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 265, 295, 310, 340, 370, 430 and 490 minutes | Postprandial concentrations and incremental area under the curve of blood glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1, and incremental area above the curve of non-esterified free fatty acids were assessed after breakfast treatments and a standard lunch |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in incretin hormones at four hours | Baseline (-10), 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes | Postprandial concentrations and the incremental area under the curve of peptide YY and cholecystokinin were assessed after breakfast treatments |
| Change in food intake over 24 hours | 24 hours | All food consumed in laboratory and after leaving the laboratory in the experiment day were recorded |
| Change from baseline in appetitive sensations at twelve hours | Baseline (-10), 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 265, 295, 310, 340, 370, 430, 490, 550, 610, 670 and 730 minutes | Appetite ratings were scored at baseline and in a pre-determined times on a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored with descriptors of not at all and extremely |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed