Dietary Habits, Food Preference
Conditions
Keywords
menstrual cycle, estrogen
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if the phase of the menstrual cycle (opposed versus unopposed estrogen phase) affects eating behavior, including types of foods preferred, wanting/desire for specific foods, and perception of hunger.
Detailed description
This is an observational study to investigate the effect of endogenous estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels on eating behavior and energy-yielding nutrient metabolism. Eating behavior will be assessed during a complete menstrual cycle during the first month of the study. Participants will track the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycle using urinary leuteinizing hormone (LH) kits, they will record information about their food intake, eating behaviors, and appetite in their home environments, and they will complete two laboratory test days: one test day scheduled during their follicular phase, and one test day scheduled during their luteal phase.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Body Mass Index between 20-30 Kg/m2 * regular menstrual cycles * sedentary lifestyle (physical activity not more than 30 minutes per day three times a week)
Exclusion criteria
* Fasting blood sugar greater than 110 mg/dL * Systolic Blood Pressure greater than 140 mmHg * Diastolic Blood Pressure greater than 90 mmHg * Fasting triglycerides greater than 120 mg/dL * Documented or self-reported chronic disorders such as arthritis, or other inflammatory diseases * Women who are Post-menopausal or Peri-menopausal * Pre-menopausal women who are pregnant, uni/multiparous, taking oral contraceptives, or who have menstrual cycles lasting less than 20 days or greater than 45 days, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), amenorrhea, eumenorrhoea, or polymenorrhoea.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Eating behavior | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Eating behavior, including types of foods preferred, wanting/desire for specific foods, and perception of hunger will be measured using four questionnaires; Eating inventory: to assess dietary restraint, Stanford Brief Physical Activity Questionnaire, Food craving questionnaire, Eating behavior and attitudes questionnaire |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Leptin | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Leptin measured in serum to assess appetite |
| Insulin sensitivity | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | To determine if the phase of the menstrual cycle affects insulin sensitivity, we will measure plasma insulin, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). |
| Serum lipid profile changes | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Blood samples will be analyzed for lipids and lipoproteins, including apoproteins A1, B, C-II, C-III, and E. |
| Urinary c-peptide | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | The level of urinary C-peptide and creatinine will be measured in a 24-hour urine collection. |
| Endocannabinoid profile | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Endocannabinoid profile measured in serum to assess appetite |
| progesterone | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Progesterone measured in serum in relation to appetite variables |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Dehydroepiandrosterone measured in serum in relation to appetite variables |
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | SHBG measured in serum in relation to appetite variables |
| Estradiol | At follicular (day 11) and luteal (day 26) phase of menstrual cycle | Estradiol measured in serum in relation to appetite variables |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed