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Extended Release Amantadine Safety and Efficacy Study in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia (EASED Study)

Extended Release Amantadine Safety and Efficacy Study in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia (EASED Study)

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 2Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT01397422
Acronym
EASED
Enrollment
83
Registered
2011-07-19
Start date
2011-07-31
Completion date
2013-10-31
Last updated
2017-12-13

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Dyskinesia, Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia, Parkinson's Disease

Keywords

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia, Parkinsonism

Brief summary

This is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm parallel group study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of each of three dose levels of ADS-5102 oral capsules, an extended release formulation of amantadine, dosed once daily for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). The novel pharmacokinetic profile of ADS-5102 is expected to achieve i) higher amantadine plasma concentrations during daytime hours when dyskinesia as well as motor and non-motor symptoms of PD are most problematic, ii) low amantadine plasma concentrations overnight, which may reduce the sleep disturbances and vivid dreams occasionally associated with amantadine, and iii) a reduced initial rate of rise in plasma concentration, which is expected to improve overall tolerability of amantadine.

Interventions

DRUGADS-5102 (extended release amantadine HCl)

Oral capsules to be administered once daily at bedtime, for 8 weeks

Sponsors

Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Signed a current IRB/IEC-approved informed consent form * Parkinson's disease, per UK Parkinson's Disease Society (UKPDS) Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria * On a stable regimen of antiparkinson's medications , including any levodopa preparation administered not less than three times daily, and willing to continue the same doses and regimens during study participation * Experiencing troublesome dyskinesia following levodopa dosing (peak dose dyskinesia) * Able to understand and complete a standardized PD home diary, following training

Exclusion criteria

* History of neurosurgical intervention related to Parkinson's disease (e.g. deep brain stimulation) * History of seizures or stroke/TIA within 2 years of screening * History of cancer within 5 years of screening, except adequately treated non-melanomatous skin cancers, localized bladder cancer, non-metastatic prostate cancer or in situ cervical cancer * Estimated GFR \< 50 mL/min/1.73m2 * Presence of cognitive impairment, as evidenced by a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24 during screening * If female, is pregnant or lactating, or has a positive pregnancy test result pre-dose * If a sexually active female, is not surgically sterile or at least 2 years post-menopausal, or does not agree to utilize an effective method of contraception from screening through at least 4 weeks after the completion of study treatment * Treatment with an investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to screening * Treatment with an investigational biologic within 6 months prior to screening

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8The UDysRS is a dyskinesia rating scale from 0-104, and it evaluates involuntary movements associated with PD. A higher score indicates more severe PD. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used for analysis. Participants were summarized according to the actual treatment received.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Change in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 8Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8The FSS is a 9-item self-reported scale, rating subject experience of fatigue during the previous 7 days. The total score, on a scale from 1-7, is represented by the mean of all answered items. The higher the score, the greater the fatigue severity.
Change in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8UDysRS Part III measures objective impairment (dyskinesia severity, anatomic distribution, and type, based on 4 observed activities); and Part IV measures objective disability based on Part III activities. The scores for the 2 Parts combined range from 0-44; a higher score represents more severe dyskinesia.
Change in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home DiaryBaseline (Day 1) and Week 8A PD home diary was used to score 5 different conditions in 30-minute time intervals: ASLEEP, OFF, ON (ie, had adequate control of PD symptoms) without dyskinesia, ON with non-troublesome dyskinesia, and ON with troublesome dyskinesia. The results were based on 2 consecutive 24-hour diaries taken prior to the day of randomization and prior to the Week 8 visit.
Change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 8Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8The MDS-UPDRS Parts I, II, and III examined non-motor experiences of daily living, motor experiences of daily living, and motor examination, respectively. Each part had sub scales ranging from normal = 0 to severe = 4.
Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8The CGI-C consisted of a single question that assessed the investigator's global impression of the subject's change from Baseline in overall PD symptoms, including but not limited to LID. The CGI-C required that the investigator rate the extent to which the subject's PD had improved or worsened (from marked worsening to marked improvement).

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia (LID) were enrolled at 31 study sites in the United States. The first subject was randomized on 03 August 2011 and the last subject completed on 15 April 2013.

Pre-assignment details

All randomized subjects (83) were treated and analyzed for safety; 80 were analyzed for efficacy and included in the Modified Intent to Treat (MITT) population. Subjects in the MITT had mild to severe dyskinesia, had periods of troublesome dyskinesia during the day, received ≥ 1 dose of study drug, and provided ≥ 1 postbaseline efficacy assessment.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Placebo
ADS-5102 matching placebo: oral capsules administered once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks
22
ADS-5102 (260 mg)
260 mg dose of ADS-5102 (amantadine HCl extended release): oral capsules administered once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks
20
ADS-5102 (340 mg)
340 mg dose of ADS-5102 (amantadine HCl extended release): oral capsules administered once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks (260 mg Week 1; 340 mg Weeks 2-8)
21
ADS-5102 (420 mg)
420 mg dose of ADS-5102 (amantadine HCl extended release): oral capsules administered once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks (260 mg Week 1; 340 mg Week 2; 420 mg Weeks 3-8)
20
Total83

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001FG002FG003
Overall StudyAdverse Event0338
Overall StudyIncreased bradykinesia related to PD1000
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject1000

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicADS-5102 (260 mg)ADS-5102 (340 mg)PlaceboADS-5102 (420 mg)Total
Age, Continuous67.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.59
64.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.03
65.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.17
66.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.38
66.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.47
Duration of LID3.35 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.585
4.37 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.364
4.08 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.051
3.57 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.049
3.85 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.106
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants0 Participants1 Participants2 Participants5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
18 Participants21 Participants21 Participants18 Participants78 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Fatigue Severity Score (FSS)4.40 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.488
4.80 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.425
4.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.211
4.78 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.12
4.71 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.307
Hoehn and Yahr Score2.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9
2.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6
2.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7
2.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8
2.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7
Levodopa daily dose714.5 mg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 449.33
694.0 mg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 278.33
801.1 mg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 431.94
862.5 mg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 585.94
768.6 mg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 444.41
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
2 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants0 Participants1 Participants3 Participants4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants0 Participants2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
18 Participants20 Participants20 Participants17 Participants75 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
12 Participants8 Participants8 Participants10 Participants38 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
8 Participants13 Participants14 Participants10 Participants45 Participants
Subjects taking Antiparkinson Medication
Anticholinergic
0 Participants0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants2 Participants
Subjects taking Antiparkinson Medication
COMT Inhibitor
1 Participants6 Participants3 Participants4 Participants14 Participants
Subjects taking Antiparkinson Medication
Dopamine Agonist
14 Participants10 Participants14 Participants16 Participants54 Participants
Subjects taking Antiparkinson Medication
Levodopa (Sinemet or Stalevo)
20 Participants21 Participants22 Participants20 Participants83 Participants
Subjects taking Antiparkinson Medication
MAO-B Inhibitor
11 Participants12 Participants14 Participants12 Participants49 Participants
Time since PD diagnosis8.94 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.395
9.33 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.913
10.66 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.057
9.00 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.484
9.51 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.964

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
EG003
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 220 / 200 / 210 / 20
other
Total, other adverse events
18 / 2216 / 2020 / 2118 / 20
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 221 / 200 / 214 / 20

Outcome results

Primary

Change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8

The UDysRS is a dyskinesia rating scale from 0-104, and it evaluates involuntary movements associated with PD. A higher score indicates more severe PD. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used for analysis. Participants were summarized according to the actual treatment received.

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: Participants in the MITT population with available data were analyzed.

ArmMeasureValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboChange in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8-6.7 units on a scaleStandard Error 2.68
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8-12.3 units on a scaleStandard Error 2.88
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8-17.9 units on a scaleStandard Error 2.82
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Change in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) Total Score From Baseline to Week 8-16.7 units on a scaleStandard Error 2.88
Comparison: 20 subjects per treatment arm provided 80% power using a 2-sided 2-sample test at 5% significance. The null hypothesis for the primary endpoint was that the response of the ADS-5102 340 mg group was equal to that of the placebo group.p-value: 0.005195% CI: [-19.1, -3.5]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.013195% CI: [-17.8, -2.2]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.159595% CI: [-13.4, 2.2]ANCOVA
Secondary

Change in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home Diary

A PD home diary was used to score 5 different conditions in 30-minute time intervals: ASLEEP, OFF, ON (ie, had adequate control of PD symptoms) without dyskinesia, ON with non-troublesome dyskinesia, and ON with troublesome dyskinesia. The results were based on 2 consecutive 24-hour diaries taken prior to the day of randomization and prior to the Week 8 visit.

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: MITT population

ArmMeasureValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboChange in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home Diary0.9 hoursStandard Error 0.76
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Change in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home Diary4.1 hoursStandard Error 0.82
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Change in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home Diary3.8 hoursStandard Error 0.79
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Change in ON Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia (ON Without Dyskinesia Plus ON With Non-troublesome Dyskinesia) From Baseline to Week 8; Based on a Standardized PD Home Diary3.6 hoursStandard Error 0.83
p-value: 0.007895% CI: [0.8, 5.2]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.017995% CI: [0.5, 5]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.00495% CI: [1.1, 5.5]ANCOVA
Secondary

Change in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 8

The FSS is a 9-item self-reported scale, rating subject experience of fatigue during the previous 7 days. The total score, on a scale from 1-7, is represented by the mean of all answered items. The higher the score, the greater the fatigue severity.

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: MITT population

ArmMeasureValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboChange in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 8-0.25 units on a scaleStandard Error 0.267
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Change in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 8-0.06 units on a scaleStandard Error 0.289
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Change in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 8-0.55 units on a scaleStandard Error 0.28
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Change in the Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) From Baseline to Week 80.00 units on a scaleStandard Error 0.287
p-value: 0.431495% CI: [-1.1, 0.5]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.522395% CI: [-0.5, 1]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.629895% CI: [-0.6, 1]ANCOVA
Secondary

Change in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8

UDysRS Part III measures objective impairment (dyskinesia severity, anatomic distribution, and type, based on 4 observed activities); and Part IV measures objective disability based on Part III activities. The scores for the 2 Parts combined range from 0-44; a higher score represents more severe dyskinesia.

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: MITT Population

ArmMeasureValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboChange in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8-1.9 units on a scaleStandard Error 1.19
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Change in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8-4.4 units on a scaleStandard Error 1.26
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Change in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8-7.1 units on a scaleStandard Error 1.24
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Change in Total Objective Score (III, IV) of the UDysRS From Baseline to Week 8-8.3 units on a scaleStandard Error 1.26
p-value: 0.003895% CI: [-8.7, -1.7]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.000495% CI: [-9.8, -2.9]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.146995% CI: [-6, 0.9]ANCOVA
Secondary

Change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 8

The MDS-UPDRS Parts I, II, and III examined non-motor experiences of daily living, motor experiences of daily living, and motor examination, respectively. Each part had sub scales ranging from normal = 0 to severe = 4.

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: MITT population

ArmMeasureValue (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN)Dispersion
PlaceboChange in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 8-1.2 units on a scaleStandard Error 3.08
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 80.0 units on a scaleStandard Error 3.22
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 8-3.4 units on a scaleStandard Error 3.31
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Combined Scores (Parts I, II, III) From Baseline to Week 80.5 units on a scaleStandard Error 3.23
p-value: 0.635595% CI: [-11.2, 6.9]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.705395% CI: [-7.2, 10.6]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.786295% CI: [-7.7, 10.1]ANCOVA
Secondary

Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8

The CGI-C consisted of a single question that assessed the investigator's global impression of the subject's change from Baseline in overall PD symptoms, including but not limited to LID. The CGI-C required that the investigator rate the extent to which the subject's PD had improved or worsened (from marked worsening to marked improvement).

Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 8

Population: MITT population

ArmMeasureCategoryValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Improvement1 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Worsening0 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Worsening1 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Improvement6 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Worsening0 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Improvement4 Participants
PlaceboClinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8No Change10 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8No Change3 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Improvement5 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Worsening1 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Improvement8 Participants
ADS-5102 (260 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Improvement2 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8No Change4 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Improvement7 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Improvement8 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Improvement1 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (340 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Improvement5 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Worsening2 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Moderate Improvement6 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Marked Improvement4 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8Minimal Worsening0 Participants
ADS-5102 (420 mg)Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) in Overall PD Symptoms From Baseline to Week 8No Change2 Participants
p-value: 0.0036Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
p-value: 0.2158Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
p-value: 0.1042Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026