Automated Communication Tools, Complex Medical Patients
Conditions
Keywords
Automated Communication Tools, Medication errors, PCP communication
Brief summary
Communication between physicians caring for a patient in the hospital and that patient's primary care provider is less than optimal, and can lead to diminished health care quality and safety. This project will lead to better communication between physicians and could decrease medication errors that tend to occur as the patient goes from hospital to home.
Detailed description
Communication between physicians caring for hospitalized patients and those patients' primary care providers (PCPs) is often suboptimal. Hospital-based information systems can improve communication by automating information exchange between hospital physicians and PCPs, and perhaps, as a result, improve the quality and safety of health care. MedTrak, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic physician communication tool, has proven successful and is poised to move forward with an initiative the investigators call virtual continuity, allowing PCPs to follow their patients electronically if they cannot do so physically. Virtual continuity will include: emails to PCPs triggered by clinical events with embedded links to electronic medical record data and communication portals, medication lists electronically delivered to PCPs at admission and discharge, and immediate PCP notification of discharge with pertinent clinical details. To evaluate virtual continuity, the investigators will examine the frequency of discharge medication errors in complex medical patients using a pre-post study design of virtual continuity compared to usual communication. Medication errors will be ascertained using accepted methods. The investigators will also investigate differences in rehospitalization, post discharge emergency department visit and PCP follow up rates. The IT cost of implementing and maintaining the virtual continuity intervention will also be assessed. Virtual continuity will allow PCPs to participate more directly in the care of their hospitalized patients. Improved communication could lead to higher-quality patient care and greater patient care safety for hospitalized patients with complex medical problems.
Interventions
OTHERAutomated communication tools
Automated communication tools will include: * PCP notification of patient admission and location * Data on medications begun on admission * Automated alerts on changes in patient status and location while the patient is hospitalized * Links to the EMR and to hospital physician contact information on all email alerts * Real-time delivery of discharge information (medications, instructions, and follow-up) to the PCP * Automatic reporting to PCPs of test results pending at discharge * Electronic delivery of final discharge summaries
Sponsors
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
University of Pittsburgh
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Are admitted to UPMC Presbyterian General Medicine, Geriatrics, Cardiology, or Surgery inpatient services; * Are 18 years of age or older; * Are currently receiving 5 or more medications; * Have 2 or more comorbid conditions present, defined using the Elixhauser comorbidity system (Med Care 1998;36:8-27 and Med Care. 2005 Nov; 43(11): 1130-9 ). These comorbidities are: congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, valvular disease, pulmonary circulation disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, hypertension, paralysis, other neurologic disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes uncomplicated, diabetes complicated, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver disease, peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding, AIDS/HIV disease, lymphoma, metastatic cancer, solid tumor without metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases, coagulopathy, obesity, weight loss, fluid and electrolyte disorders, blood loss anemia, deficiency anemias, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychoses, and depression * Have a Primary Care Physician who has outpatient data included on EPIC electronic health record.
Exclusion criteria
* Are admitted to critical care units; * Are admitted from skilled nursing facilities; * Have dementia; * Were previously enrolled in the study * Are organ transplant recipients
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Medication Errors at Hospital Discharge | Approximately 1-30 days | Medication name, dose, and frequency of administration for patient pre-admission medications will be recorded. Medications received during the hospitalization and discharge medications will be obtained by medical record review following hospital discharge. Pre-admission medications will be compared to discharge medications and differences will be considered discharge medication variances. Two trained pharmacists will independently review medication variances to determine clinical indications or medication errors. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient PCP Visits, Emergency Room Visits and Rehospitalizations Within 30 Days Post-discharge. | Within 30 post-discharge from hospital | Details regarding patient PCP follow-up office appointments, ER visits and rehospitalizations occuring within 30 days post-discharge will be collected from the EMR. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| (Usual) MedTrak System of PCP Notification MedTrak, the information system used by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), currently notifies PCPs when patients are admitted and discharged from the hospital. | 317 |
| Automated Communication Tools An enhanced version of MedTrak (the present system of PCP notification). Electronic medical record links will be developed and used to allow automated communication with the PCP.
Automated communication tools will include:
* PCP notification of patient admission and location
* Data on medications begun on admission
* Automated alerts on changes in patient status and location while the patient is hospitalized
* Links to the EMR and to hospital physician contact information on all email alerts
* Real-time delivery of discharge information (medications, instructions, and follow-up) to the PCP
* Automatic reporting to PCPs of test results pending at discharge
* Electronic delivery of final discharge summaries | 243 |
| Total | 560 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Reviewed by only 1 pharmacist | 126 | 149 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | (Usual) MedTrak System of PCP Notification | Total | Automated Communication Tools |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 63 years | 63 years | 63 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 316 Participants | 558 Participants | 242 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 7 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 96 Participants | 182 Participants | 86 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 216 Participants | 367 Participants | 151 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 317 participants | 560 participants | 243 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 178 Participants | 328 Participants | 150 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 139 Participants | 232 Participants | 93 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 317 | 0 / 243 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 317 | 0 / 243 |
Outcome results
Primary
Medication Errors at Hospital Discharge
Medication name, dose, and frequency of administration for patient pre-admission medications will be recorded. Medications received during the hospitalization and discharge medications will be obtained by medical record review following hospital discharge. Pre-admission medications will be compared to discharge medications and differences will be considered discharge medication variances. Two trained pharmacists will independently review medication variances to determine clinical indications or medication errors.
Time frame: Approximately 1-30 days
Population: Hospitalized medical patients with ≥2 comorbidities and ≥5 chronic medications, at a single center
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| (Usual) MedTrak System of PCP Notification | Medication Errors at Hospital Discharge | 645 Errors |
| Automated Communication Tools | Medication Errors at Hospital Discharge | 359 Errors |
Secondary
Patient PCP Visits, Emergency Room Visits and Rehospitalizations Within 30 Days Post-discharge.
Details regarding patient PCP follow-up office appointments, ER visits and rehospitalizations occuring within 30 days post-discharge will be collected from the EMR.
Time frame: Within 30 post-discharge from hospital