An Assessment of SAFE (Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement) in Cochise County

An Assessment of Arizona's SAFE (Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement) Program in Cochise County

Status

Completed

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01359137

Enrollment

105

Registered

2011-05-24

Start date

2011-01-31

Completion date

2012-08-31

Last updated

2018-04-10

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Behavior

Keywords

Behavior, Drug users, Criminal Justice, Probation

Brief summary

This is a Cochise County experiment with innovative probation supervision practices. Subjects are assigned to one of three supervision conditions.

Detailed description

Historically, rates of failure on routine probation have been high. The result is that large numbers of probationers are ultimately revoked from probation and sentenced to long underlying jail or prison terms. Arizona is experimenting with alternatives to routine probation with the goal of reducing the overall burden of incarceration. Cochise County in Arizona is experimenting with innovative probation supervision practices. Subjects are assigned to one of three supervision conditions: Probation-as-usual (routine supervision with no deferred jail); discretionary deferred jail in response to probation violations; and Arizona's Swift, Accountable, Fair, Enforcement, or SAFE (SAFE involves non-discretionary deferred jail in response to probation violations).

Interventions

BEHAVIORALProbation as usual

Routine probation with do deferred jail condition.

BEHAVIORALDeferred Jail

Discretionary deferred jail in response to violations of probation conditions.

BEHAVIORALArizona's SAFE

Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement (SAFE) uses non-discretionary brief jail sanctions for probation violations.

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

OTHER

Masking

NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

* Supervised on probation in Cochise County * Residing in Cochise County

Exclusion criteria

* First-time marijuana possession cases

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Revocation rate	12 months	Percentage of subjects in each condition who are revoked from probation and returned to jail or prison.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
% positive drug tests	12 months	Percentage of random and scheduled drug tests that test positive for illicit drugs
Days incarcerated	12 months	Total number of days incarcerated in jail and prison
% Missed appointments	12 months	Percentage of probation appointments that are missed
New arrests	12 months	Number of new arrests

Countries

United States

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026