Dental Impaction, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
pain following dental impaction surgery
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a single intranasal (IN) administration of ketorolac after dental impaction surgery.
Interventions
DRUGKetorolac tromethamine
30 mg Intranasal (2 x 100 uL of a 15% solution), single dose
DRUGPlacebo
IN placebo
Sponsors
Egalet Ltd
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Men or women, age 18 years or older. * Body weight \> or = to 100 pounds and \< or = 300 pounds. * Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result prior to entry into the study. * Able to provide written informed consent. * At least moderate pain as determined by a PI score of \> or = to 50 mm on a 100-mm VAS. * Willing and able to comply with all testing and requirements defined in the protocol. * Willing and able to complete the posttreatment visit. * Immediately prior to entering the study, surgical removal of 3 or 4 third molars (at least 1 mandibular partial bony or complete bony impaction).
Exclusion criteria
* Allergy or sensitivity to ketorolac or EDTA. * Allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs. * Current upper respiratory tract infection or other respiratory tract condition that could interfere with the absorption of the nasal spray or with the assessment of adverse events (AEs). * Use of any IN product within 24 hours prior to study entry. * Clinically significant abnormality on screening laboratory tests. * History of cocaine use resulting in nasal mucosal damage. * Active peptic ulcer disease, recent (defined as within 6 months) history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding considered by the investigator to be clinically significant. * Advanced renal impairment (serum creatinine \>1.5 mg/dL) or a risk for renal failure due to volume depletion. * A history of any other clinically significant medical problem, which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with study participation. * Participation within 30 days of study entry or within 5 times the half- life, whichever is longer, in another investigational drug study. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Extraction of teeth other than third molars during the surgical procedure; exceptions:(1) supernumerary third molars; (2) cases whereby extraction of a third molar requires the removal of an adjacent molar. * Previous participation in this study. * Use of any short-acting NSAID (such as aspirin or ibuprofen) or acetaminophen within 12 hours of surgery. * Use of longer-acting NSAIDs (such as naproxen sodium) within 48 hours of surgery or piroxicam within 7 days of surgery. * Use of steroids (other than oral contraceptives) within 72 hours of surgery. * Use of mood-altering drugs, such a cannabis or alcohol, within 12 hours of surgery. * Surgical anesthesia including narcotic agents except fentanyl. Short-acting anesthetics, both DEA scheduled and unscheduled, were allowed. Naloxone in any form was not permitted. * Use of any other medication within 24 hours prior to surgery that, in the opinion of the investigator, could confound the subject's efficacy assessments (eg, sedatives, tranquilizers, MAO inhibitors, phenothiazines). * Consumption of any caffeine-containing products within 4 hours of surgery.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) | 8 hours postdose | Ratings of Pain Intensity (PI) were made using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on which 0 = no pain and 100 = worst pain possible. The PI values were obtained at 20 and 40 minutes, and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours following the first dose of study medication on Day 1. Pain intensity difference (PID) was calculated by subtracting the posttreatment score from the baseline score, where the baseline score was the PI rating made prior to the first dose of study medication. A summed PID (SPID) on the first postoperative day was calculated at 8 hours. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR) | 4, 6, and 8 hours postdose | Scores were obtained from the pain relief evaluations by taking a weighted sum of pain relief scores. Pain relief was measured at 20 and 40 minutes, and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours on a 5-point categorical scale where 0 = no pain relief, 1 = a little pain relief, 2 = some pain relief, 3 = a lot of pain relief, and 4 = complete pain relief. |
| Pain intensity difference (PID) and pain relief scores | Before receiving study drug (baseline), at 20 and 40 minutes, and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours postdose | Ratings of Pain Intensity (PI) were made using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on which 0 = no pain and 100 = worst pain possible. PID was calculated by subtracting the posttreatment score from the baseline score, where the baseline score was the PI rating made prior to the first dose of study medication. Pain relief was measured on a 5-point categorical scale with 0 = no pain relief, 1 = a little pain relief, 2 = some pain relief, 3 = a lot of pain relief, and 4 = complete pain relief. |
| Peak PID score | 4, 6, and 8 hours postdose | PID was calculated by subtracting the posttreatment score from the baseline score, where the baseline score was the PI rating made prior to the first dose of study medication. Peak PID was defined as the maximum PID score. |
| Peak pain relief scores | 4, 6, and 8 hours postdose | Pain relief was measured on a 5-point categorical scale with 0 = no pain relief, 1 = a little pain relief, 2 = some pain relief, 3 = a lot of pain relief, and 4 = complete pain relief. Peak pain relief was defined as the maximum peak pain relief score. |
| Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) | 4 and 6 hours postdose | Ratings of Pain Intensity (PI) were made using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on which 0 = no pain and 100 = worst pain possible. The PI values were obtained at 20 and 40 minutes, and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours following the first dose of study medication on Day 1. Pain intensity difference (PID) was calculated by subtracting the posttreatment score from the baseline score, where the baseline score was the PI rating made prior to the first dose of study medication. A summed PID (SPID) on the first postoperative day was calculated at 4 and 6 hours. |
| Time to first use of rescue medication | After study drug administration until rescue analgesic therapy was requested (during the 8-hour postdose observation period) | Duration of analgesia represented by the time until rescue analgesic therapy was requested. |
| Proportion of subjects taking rescue medication | During 8-hour postdose observation period | Proportion of subjects taking rescue medication in either group during the 8-hour postdose observation period. |
| Global pain control | At the end of the 8-hour observation period, or at the time the subject took rescue analgesic medication if prior to 8 hours | The subject was asked the question How was your pain control overall? This evaluation was measured on a 5-point categorical scale with 0 = poor, 1 = fair, 2 = good, 3 = very good, and 4 = excellent. |
| Time to onset of perceptible pain and meaningful pain relief | After study drug administration until perceptible and meaningful pain relief was felt (during the 8-hour postdose observation period) | The onset of pain relief was measured by the subjects stopping stopwatches when perceptible and meaningful relief was felt. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed