Focus of Study: Appetite
Conditions
Keywords
appetite, protein, legumes, meat
Brief summary
New Nordic diet guidelines advocate a reduction in consumption of protein from animal sources such as beef and pork, due to environmental concerns. Instead, intake of protein from vegetable sources such as legumes and pulses should be increased. However, little is known about the effect of protein from (Nordic grown) beans and peas on body weight and appetite regulation. The objective of this study is to examine if protein from vegetable sources (beans and peas) is comparable to protein from animal sources regarding acute meal-induced satiety.
Detailed description
Design: Single-blind randomized 3-way crossover meal study Subjects: * 48 young healthy men (Age: 18-50 years; BMI: 19-30 kg/m2). * Expected completers: n=42. End points: * Subjective appetite (VAS) (every 30 min for 3 hours) * Ad libitum energy intake (3 hours after test meal) Experimental diets: Iso-caloric breakfast meals (3.5 MJ) with same energy density: A. Fava beans + Split peas (20 protein E%) B. Fava beans + Split peas + potato (10 protein E%) C. Pork/beef + potato (20 protein E%)
Interventions
OTHERVegetable Protein
Vegetable protein in the form of fava beans/split peas
OTHERAnimal protein
Protein in the form of minced pork/beef
Sponsors
Arne Astrup
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy men * 18-50 y * body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30.0
Exclusion criteria
* smoking * participation in other studies for 4 mo prior to entry * weight gain/loss \> 3 kg for to mo prior to entry * Strenuous physical activity for \> 10 h/wk * Use of medication that can affect appetite * food allergies or relevance for the test meals * Psychiatric or metabolic disorders prohibiting participation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Composite appetite score area under the curve (180 min) | Assessed every 30 min for 180 min after each of the three test meals which are served 1 wk apart | Composite score calculated from 10 cm visual analogue scale ratings: (desire to eat + hunger + prospective food consumption + (100-fullnes) + (100-satiety))/5 |
| Ad libitum energy intake | Assessed 180 min after each of the 3 test meals, which are served 1 wk apart | 180 min after each test meal an ad libitum meal of spaghetti bolognese is served, and the total energy intake is recorded. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite ratings | Assessed every 30 min for 180 min after each or the 3 test meals which are served 1 wk apart | Assessment of hunger, fulness, satiety, desire to eat and prospective food consumption from 10 cm visual analogue scale ratings every 30 min after meal consumption for 3 hours. |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed