Rectal Cancers.
Conditions
Keywords
Pathological complete response, Intensity modulated radiotherapy, Rectal cancer
Brief summary
The hypothesis of this study is that dose escalated intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to a dose of 55Gy in 25# to primary rectal tumor concurrent with oral capecitabine results in an improved pathological response rate from 8% (German trial) to 25%.
Detailed description
This study aims to look at whether radiation dose escalation with intensity modulated radiotherapy can increase the rates of pathological complete response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Interventions
RADIATIONIntensity Modulated Radiotherapy
Intensity modulated radiotherapy to a dose of 55Gy in 25 fractions
Sponsors
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
National University Hospital, Singapore
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Pathologically proven diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum * Clinically determined to be stage T3 or T4,N0-N2, and M0 -staged by MRI or transrectal ultrasound of the rectum * Patients who are medically operable and who have resectable adenocarcinoma of the rectum at least \<15cm from the anal verge * Adequate liver/renal and haematological function. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance 0-2 * Age ≥ 18 years * Full blood count obtained within 2 weeks prior to registration on study, with adequate bone marrow function defined as follows: * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,800 cells/mm3 * Platelets ≥ 100,000 cells/mm3 * Haemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dl * Serum creatinine within normal institutional limits or creatinine clearance ≥ 50 ml/min * Bilirubin within normal institutional limits * AST and ALT \< 2.5 x the IULN * Patient must sign study specific informed consent prior to study entry
Exclusion criteria
Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 3 years * Prior systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable. * Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields * Severe, active comorbidity, defined as follows: * Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 12 months * Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months * Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects * Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current CDC definition; note, however, that HIV testing is not required for entry into this protocol. * Evidence of uncontrolled seizures, central nervous system disorders, or psychiatric disability judged by the investigator to be clinically significant, precluding informed consent, or interfering with compliance of oral drug intake. * Known, existing uncontrolled coagulopathy. Patients on therapeutic anticoagulation may be enrolled provided that they have been clinically stable on anti-coagulation for at least 2 weeks. * Major surgery within 28 days of study enrollment (other than diverting colostomy) * Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study may be significantly teratogenic * Prior allergic reaction to capecitabine * Any evidence of distant metastases (M1) * A synchronous primary colon carcinoma * Extension of malignant disease into the anal canal * Lack of physical integrity of the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., severe Crohn's disease that results in * malabsorption; significant bowel resection that would make one concerned about the absorption of capecitabine) or malabsorption syndrome that would preclude feasibility of oral chemotherapy (capecitabine) * Participation in any investigational drug study within 28 days of study enrollment
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pathological complete response rates | 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy | Pathogical complete response rate 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy at surgery according to Ryan's classification |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Toxicity | 2 years | Toxicity including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dermatitis, proctitis, urinary frequency/urgency as per common toxicity criteria v3.0 |
| Disease Free survival | 2 years | Time from study entry to disease recurrence or death |
| Downstaging rates | 8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy | percentage of patients who achieve downstaging 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy at surgery according to TNM classification |
| Sphincter Preservation rates | 8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy | Sphincter Preservation rates 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy at surgery.Percentage of patients who underwent sphincter salvage surgery after chemoradiotherapy |
Countries
Singapore
Outcome results
None listed