Migraine Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Triptans, Migraine
Brief summary
The purpose of this retrospective claims database study was to compare the change in migraine-related prescription (i.e. NSAIDs, Opioids, Ergots) utilization among migraine suffers following initiation of Treximet ™ (sumatriptan/naproxen) compared with subjects initiating treatment with other orally available triptans. The study was used to validate the migraine-related prescription utilization patterns predicted by the Treximet ™ Budget Impact Model. The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this analysis. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States (US), approximately 160 million patient lives. The data has broad representative coverage at both the geographic and payment levels.
Interventions
DRUGSumatriptan/Naproxen combination
Sumatriptan and Naproxen Sodium
DRUGother oral triptans
almotriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan
Sponsors
GlaxoSmithKline
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* At least one prescription claim for either Treximet ™ or orally administered triptan * at least 18 years of age at index Rx date * at least one prescription claim for any medication in the pre- and post-index period (proxy for continuous enrollment)
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects receiving nasal sumatriptan at any time * Subjects over 65 years of age
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | The mean number of tablets per participant was computed using prescription fills dispensed in the 6-month follow-up period. Other represents acetaminophen (APAP)/isometheptene/dichlorphenazone and APAP/isometheptene/caffeine, for example. The number of tablets dispensed was obtained from the quantity dispensed field in the claims data. Triptan tablets were classified as index and non-index medication (if a different oral triptan was filled from that of the index medication); only oral triptans were considered (i.e., excluded injectable triptans). |
| Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | Health plan cost was defined as the pharmacy costs. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy costs were calculated as the mean of the total costs of the five drug categories. |
| Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | Mean Total Cost was defined as the pharmacy cost plus the participant copay. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy cost plus participant copay was calculated as the mean of the total costs (pharmacy cost plus participant copay) of the five drug categories. |
| Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | The mean number of tablets per participant was computed using prescription fills dispensed in the 6-month follow-up period. Other represents APAP/isometheptene/dichlorphenazone and APAP/isometheptene/caffeine, for example. The number of tablets dispensed was obtained from the quantity dispensed field in the claims data. Triptan tablets were classified as index and non-index medication (if a different oral triptan was filled from that of the index medication); only oral triptans were considered (i.e., excluded injectable triptans). |
| Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | Health Pan Cost was defined as the pharmacy costs. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy costs were calculated as the mean of the total costs of the five drug categories. |
| Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription) | Mean Total Cost was defined as the pharmacy cost plus the participant copay. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). .Pharmacy cost plus participant copay was calculated as the mean of the total costs (pharmacy cost plus participant copay) of the five drug categories. |
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium Participants having at least one pharmacy claim for sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an orally administered triptan during January 1, 2007 to November 30, 2009 (study period) were selected as the target population. The index date was defined as the fill date of the first chronologically occurring sumatriptan-naproxen sodium/oral triptan prescription during the enrollment period (January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009). Participants belonged to this arm if their first prescription was for sumatriptan/naproxen sodium. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium users were matched to oral triptan users on propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. | 13,257 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan Participants having at least one pharmacy claim for sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an orally administered triptan during January 1, 2007 to November 30, 2009 (study period) were selected as the target population. The index date was defined as the fill date of the first chronologically occurring sumatriptan-naproxen sodium/oral triptan prescription during the enrollment period (January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009). Participants belonged to this arm if their first prescription was for an oral triptan.
Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium users were matched to oral triptan users on propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. | 39,771 |
| Switch - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium Participants having at least one pharmacy claim for sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an orally administered triptan during January 1, 2007 to November 30, 2009 (study period) were selected as the target population. The index date was defined as the date of first switch to sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an oral triptan prescription during the enrollment period (January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009). Participants belonged to this arm if they received oral triptan as their first triptan medication and then switched to sumatriptan/naproxen sodium in the enrollment period. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium users were matched to oral triptan users on propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. | 2,903 |
| Switch - Oral Triptan Participants having at least one pharmacy claim for sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an orally administered triptan during January 1, 2007 to November 30, 2009 (study period) was selected as the target population. The index date was defined as the date of first switch to sumatriptan/naproxen sodium or an oral triptan prescription during the enrollment period (January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009). Participants belonged to this arm if they received oral triptan as their first triptan medication and then switched to a different oral triptan in the enrollment period. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium users were matched to oral triptan users on propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. | 5,806 |
| Total | 61,737 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Total | Switch - Oral Triptan | Switch - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Naïve - Oral Triptan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized 18-30 years old | 2889 Participants | 13246 Participants | 1026 Participants | 464 Participants | 8867 Participants |
| Age, Customized 31-40 years old | 3425 Participants | 15517 Participants | 1251 Participants | 669 Participants | 10172 Participants |
| Age, Customized 41-50 years old | 3700 Participants | 17293 Participants | 1763 Participants | 943 Participants | 10887 Participants |
| Age, Customized 51-60 years old | 2315 Participants | 11181 Participants | 1263 Participants | 610 Participants | 6993 Participants |
| Age, Customized 61-70 years old | 758 Participants | 3745 Participants | 428 Participants | 191 Participants | 2368 Participants |
| Age, Customized >70 years old | 170 Participants | 755 Participants | 75 Participants | 26 Participants | 484 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11108 Participants | 52082 Participants | 5078 Participants | 2525 Participants | 33371 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2149 Participants | 9655 Participants | 728 Participants | 378 Participants | 6400 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis
Health plan cost was defined as the pharmacy costs. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy costs were calculated as the mean of the total costs of the five drug categories.
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 9 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 62.3 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 2 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 33.1 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 284 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 366.1 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 0 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 5.1 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 38 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 609.7 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Total | 332 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 732.1 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 43 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 477.6 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 333 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 393.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 9 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 62.5 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Total | 387 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 645.4 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 2 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 51.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 0 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 4.8 |
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.349paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.208paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.239paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.583paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
Primary
Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis
Health Pan Cost was defined as the pharmacy costs. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy costs were calculated as the mean of the total costs of the five drug categories.
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Total | 433 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 507.4 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 52.5 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 0 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 6.7 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 47 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 317.8 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 375 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 374.5 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 3 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 48.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 425 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 413.3 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 0 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 3.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Total | 490 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 695.8 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 3 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 50.1 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 10 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 67.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Health Plan Cost Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 51 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 522.9 |
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.054paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.59paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.382paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.343paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
Primary
Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis
The mean number of tablets per participant was computed using prescription fills dispensed in the 6-month follow-up period. Other represents acetaminophen (APAP)/isometheptene/dichlorphenazone and APAP/isometheptene/caffeine, for example. The number of tablets dispensed was obtained from the quantity dispensed field in the claims data. Triptan tablets were classified as index and non-index medication (if a different oral triptan was filled from that of the index medication); only oral triptans were considered (i.e., excluded injectable triptans).
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 19.2 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 57.1 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 0.1 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 75.8 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 219 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 1.5 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 17 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 17.7 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 16.3 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 1.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 13.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 18.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 18.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 21.5 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 64.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 80.1 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 235.8 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 0.1 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
p-value: 0.162paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.005paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.336paired t-test 2-sided
Primary
Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis
The mean number of tablets per participant was computed using prescription fills dispensed in the 6-month follow-up period. Other represents APAP/isometheptene/dichlorphenazone and APAP/isometheptene/caffeine, for example. The number of tablets dispensed was obtained from the quantity dispensed field in the claims data. Triptan tablets were classified as index and non-index medication (if a different oral triptan was filled from that of the index medication); only oral triptans were considered (i.e., excluded injectable triptans).
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 20.9 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 62.5 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 0.0 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 88.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 254.7 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 1.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 14.9 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 24.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 20.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 1.3 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 12.1 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 24.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 20.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 22.9 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 70.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 87.4 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 255.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Number of Triptan Tablets Per Participant in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 0.1 tablets per participant | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
p-value: 0.866paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.094paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.832paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.392paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.752paired t-test 2-sided
Primary
Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis
Mean Total Cost was defined as the pharmacy cost plus the participant copay. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). Pharmacy cost plus participant copay was calculated as the mean of the total costs (pharmacy cost plus participant copay) of the five drug categories.
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; the index date was defined as the first date of oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 349 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 396.4 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 11 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 69.8 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 49 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 621 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 2 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 36.6 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 1 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 8.6 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Total | 412 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 757.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Other | 1 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 7.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Triptans | 397 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 418.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Ergots | 2 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 55.5 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 12 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 72.5 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Total | 466 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 687.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-naïve Analysis | Opioids | 54 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 509.5 |
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.177paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.173paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.191paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.254paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
Primary
Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis
Mean Total Cost was defined as the pharmacy cost plus the participant copay. Pharmacy costs were computed corresponding to the use of triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and other migraine therapy tablets (ergots and others). .Pharmacy cost plus participant copay was calculated as the mean of the total costs (pharmacy cost plus participant copay) of the five drug categories.
Time frame: 6-months from the index date (from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009; index date was defined as the first switch date to oral triptan/sumatriptan-naproxen sodium prescription)
Population: The SourceLx dataset from the family of Wolters Kluwer databases was used for this study. The database contains 30% of prescription claims filled in the United States, corresponding to approximately 160 million lives.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 462 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 413.3 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 12 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 62.3 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 61 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 360.2 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 3 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 51.9 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 1 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 8.5 |
| Naïve - Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Total | 537 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 564.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Other | 1 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Triptans | 496 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 439.9 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Ergots | 4 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 54.4 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 13 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 76.7 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Total | 576 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 736.2 |
| Naïve - Oral Triptan | Mean Total Cost (Health Plan Plus Participant Copay Costs) Per Participant for Migraine-related Medications in 6-month Follow-up Period: Treatment-switch Analysis | Opioids | 62 United States dollars | Standard Deviation 547.4 |
p-value: <0.001paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.146paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.826paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.354paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.514paired t-test 2-sided
p-value: 0.001paired t-test 2-sided