Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Delivered by Two Different Modalities on Breathing Pattern in Preterm Infants

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Delivered by High Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on the Diaphragm Electrical Activity in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01326975

Enrollment

Registered

2011-03-31

Start date

2011-05-31

Completion date

2012-12-31

Last updated

2015-06-18

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Keywords

infant, premature, infant, very low birth weight, diaphragm, apnea, continuous positive airway pressure

Brief summary

In this study, the investigators want to observe how continuous positive airway pressure delivered by two different modalities affects breathing pattern in small preterm infants. Using a specialized feeding tube in the stomach, the investigators can measure and compare how the diaphragm (a large breathing muscle) might be affected by those two modalities.

Detailed description

Many preterm very low birth weight infants require continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) for breathing support because of lung immaturity. CPAP can be delivered by the infant flow(TM) device which is well studied. Prolonged use of nasal prongs CPAP has been shown to cause discomfort and, rarely, nasal injury leading to long term disfigurement. On the other hand, High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) ,which is another modality of delivering CPAP, creates less pressure on the nose and less disfiguring effect but previous research showed that the use of HFNC may be less effective than IF-CPAP in providing breathing support in these infants. We plan to study 10 stable preterm infants born less than 32 weeks' gestation and 1.5 kilograms at birth after being stable for at least 48hours on IF-CPAP. babies will be randomized to start on IF-CPAP or HFNC for 30 minutes. After 45 minutes of adaptation, baby will be switched to the other modality for another 30 minutes. By inserting a specialized feeding tube with sensors into the stomach, we can measure the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). By analysing EAdi with each modality of delivering CPAP, we want to directly assess how HFNC affects breathing compared to IF-CPAP.

Interventions

None listed

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CROSSOVER

Time perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

2 Days to 12 Months

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

* Birth weights ≤ 1500g * Gestational age less than 32 week * Stable on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5-6cmH20 support for at least 48 hours * Treated with methylxanthines for apnea of prematurity * In less than 35% oxygen

Exclusion criteria

* Congenital and acquired problem of the gastrointestinal tract * Phrenic nerve injury and/or diaphragm paralysis * Esophageal perforation/tracheoesophageal fistula * Congenital/acquired neurological deficit and/or seizures * Hemodynamic instability * Congenital heart disease (including symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus) * Undergoing treatment for sepsis or pneumonia * Use of muscle relaxants, narcotic analgesics, or gastric motility agents * Congenital anomalies of respiratory tract (e.g. CCAM) * Infants requiring more than 35% oxygen * Infants with facial anomalies * Infants with pneumothorax and/or pneumomediatinum * Infants in the immediate postoperative period * Infants with significant gastric residues and vomiting

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
The difference in the tonic EAdi between IF-CPAP and HFNC .	During the 4-hour study period.	Patients will be randomized in two groups, one group will start on IF-CPAP for 30 minutes. After another 45 minutes, this group will be switched to HFNC for another 30 minutes. The other group will start on HFNC and then switched to IF-CPAP. EAdi will be analyzed in the last 15 minutes of each 30 minutes period.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Difference in the number of apnea episodes (breathing pauses) on EAdi recorded with each modality.	During the 4-hour study period.	—
Difference in episodes of clinically significant apnea with HFNC and IF-CPAP.	During the 4-hour study period.	—
Indices of respiratory muscle effort (inspiratory and expiratory) will be calculated from Edi waveform.	During the 4-hour study period.	These indices include the phasic Edi to the peak, mean inspiratory Edi, Edi-time product, post inspiratory activity and all neural timings.

Countries

Canada

Outcome results