Fall Involving Playground Equipment, Occurrence on Farm, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Other Specified Personal Exposures and History Presenting Hazards to Health
Conditions
Keywords
playgrounds, farms, injury prevention, safety knowledge, attitudes and practices, safe play, rural
Brief summary
Specific Aim 1 - In collaboration with partners in Ross County, renovate and develop playgrounds in Chillicothe. Specific Aim 2 - In collaboration with partners in Ross County, promote safe play and play areas for children on farms.
Detailed description
Injury is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children in the United States. Because children spend much of their time playing, it is important that they have safe play environments where they can challenge themselves and develop physically, mentally, and socially. The SPARK Project will focus its intervention in Ross County, Ohio, an area with more than 930 farms. Prior to this project, relatively little has been done to promote the prevention of injuries to children who live and play on farms. The specific aims of this project are as follows: * In collaboration with partners in Ross County, renovate and develop playgrounds in Chillicothe, Ohio. * In collaboration with partners in Ross County, promote safe play areas for children on farms. The SPARK Project will employ a multi-faceted approach to injury prevention, centered on community partnership and collaboration. Utilizing methodology that was successfully developed and implemented as part of the Community Action for Playground Safety (CAPS) Program in Columbus, the SPARK Project will combine both active and passive injury prevention strategies to reduce playground and play-related farm injuries to children in Ross County.
Interventions
OTHERPlayground renovation and development
Playgrounds in Chillicothe will be renovated based on priorities determined by audits.
BEHAVIORALEducational campaign
Educational materials will be developed and distributed in Ross County.
Sponsors
Ohio State University
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* For playgrounds * must be seen at Adena Medical Center or Pickaway Pediatrics * must be the parent of a child younger than 6 years of age * must live in Chillicothe (if recruited at Adena) or Circleville (if recruited at Pickaway Peds) * must be English speaking * must be at least 18 years old * For farms * must self-identify as living on a farm * must have a child younger than 6 years of age * must live in Ross county or Pickaway county * must be English speaking * must be at least 18 years old
Exclusion criteria
* Participants can only enroll in one study at a time
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Playground Hazards | Year 1 baseline to year 3 follow-up | The investigators hypothesize that the decrease in the number of identified playground hazards (comparing each playground to itself from the year 1 baseline survey to the year 3 follow-up survey utilizing a playground hazards checklist) will be significantly greater for the intervention playgrounds compared with non-intervention playgrounds in Circleville, Pickaway Co. The percentage increase in the number of playgrounds with adequate safety surfacing will be used as a proxy for playground hazardousness. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores | Year 1 baseline to Year 3 follow-up | The investigators hypothesize that the improvement in the playground safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey composite scores and farm audits from the baseline in year 1 to the follow-up in year 3 will be significantly greater for parents residing in Ross County than for parents in the non-intervention counties (Morrow and Pickaway).The playground safety KAP survey consisted of 7 items and individuals could receive a summed score of 0-7, with a score of 7 indicating mastery of the material. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Playground The playground arm of the study will consist of playground audits and KAP surveys about playground safety in both Chillicothe and Circleville, Ohio. | 151 |
| Farms The Farm Arm will consist of farm audits with safety checklists and KAP surveys about farm safety. | 160 |
| Total | 311 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 85 | 39 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Playground | Farms | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 151 Participants | 160 Participants | 311 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 151 participants | 160 participants | 311 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 133 Participants | 129 Participants | 262 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 18 Participants | 31 Participants | 49 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 151 | 0 / 160 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 151 | 0 / 160 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Playground Hazards
The investigators hypothesize that the decrease in the number of identified playground hazards (comparing each playground to itself from the year 1 baseline survey to the year 3 follow-up survey utilizing a playground hazards checklist) will be significantly greater for the intervention playgrounds compared with non-intervention playgrounds in Circleville, Pickaway Co. The percentage increase in the number of playgrounds with adequate safety surfacing will be used as a proxy for playground hazardousness.
Time frame: Year 1 baseline to year 3 follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Playground | Change in Playground Hazards | Intervention | 50 % increase playgrounds w/surfacing |
| Playground | Change in Playground Hazards | Control | 0 % increase playgrounds w/surfacing |
| Farms | Change in Playground Hazards | Intervention | 0 % increase playgrounds w/surfacing |
| Farms | Change in Playground Hazards | Control | 0 % increase playgrounds w/surfacing |
Secondary
Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores
The investigators hypothesize that the improvement in the playground safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey composite scores and farm audits from the baseline in year 1 to the follow-up in year 3 will be significantly greater for parents residing in Ross County than for parents in the non-intervention counties (Morrow and Pickaway).The playground safety KAP survey consisted of 7 items and individuals could receive a summed score of 0-7, with a score of 7 indicating mastery of the material.
Time frame: Year 1 baseline to Year 3 follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Playground | Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores | 5.2 composite score | Standard Deviation 0.7638 |
| Farms | Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores | 5.1 composite score | Standard Deviation 0.6149 |
| Farms--Ross County | Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores | NA composite score | — |
| Farms--Pickaway/Morrow Counties | Playground and Farm Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Composite Scores | NA composite score | — |