Kidney Diseases, Kidney Failure, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Renal Insufficiency, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Urologic Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
remote ischaemic preconditioning, kidney transplantation
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether lower limb ischaemic preconditioning can improve renal function in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation
Detailed description
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced renal failure after kidney transplantation is a common clinical problem associated with a high morbidity and mortality. To reduce the adverse effects of IRI after organ transplantation various strategies aimed at the different pathophysiological processes of IRI have been investigated. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is one such strategy where brief IRI of one organ protects other organs from sustained IRI. Many studies have shown that RIPC protects heart, muscle flaps, stomach, liver, lungs, and kidneys from IRI. RIPC of the limb with a tourniquet is a safe and convenient method of preconditioning organs against IRI. However, the efficacy of RIPC in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation need to be established and mechanism of early and late RIPC, such as whether the donor should undergo remote preconditioning or the recipient, need to be investigated.
Interventions
Remote ischaemic preconditioning consisted of three 5-min cycles of left lower limb ischaemia, which was induced by an automated cuff-inflator placed on the left lower limb and inflated to 300 mm Hg, with an intervening 5 min of reperfusion during which the cuff was deflated.
Sponsors
B. Braun Medical SA
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Subject capable of giving written informed consent, with end-stage kidney disease, who is a suitable candidate for primary kidney transplantation * Living donors * Compatible ABO blood type * PRA \< 20%
Exclusion criteria
* Re-transplant patients * Those with peripheral vascular disease affecting the lower limbs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | within the first 3days after the operation | Plasma creatinine concentration before surgery, 1hour, 4hours, 24hours, 48hours and 72hours after the artery unclamping |
| Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within the first 3days after the operation | Accumulated urinary output 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping and the urinary output on the 2nd and 3rd day after the operation |
| Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | within the first 24hours after the operation | Plasma concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) before the operation and 24hours after the artery unclamping |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acute Rejection of Transplanted Kidney | before discharge | biopsy-confirmed, clinically symptomatic |
| Delayed Graft Function | before discharge | Delayed Graft Function according to the clinical symptoms |
| Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | within the first 24hours after the artery unclamping | Urine concentration of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients |
| Urine Concentration of RBP Preoperatively in the Recipients | before the operation | Urine concentration of retinol binding protein (RBP) before the operation in the recipients |
| Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | within the first 24hours after the artery unclamping | Urine concentration of retinol binding protein (RBP) 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients |
| Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay | before discharge | time from the day of operation to the day of discharge for the recipients |
| Total Costs During the Hospitalization | from the admission to the discharge of the patients | Total costs from the admission to the discharge of the recipients |
| Urine Concentration of NAG Preoperatively in Recipients | before operation | Urine concentration of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) before the operation |
| Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | within 24hours after the operation | Plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the operation, 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients |
| Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | within the first 24hours after the operation | Plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) before the operation, 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients |
Countries
China
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Patients scheduled for living donor renal transplantation in the Department of Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were recruited in the project from May 2010 to November 2011.
Pre-assignment details
68 pairs of patients were enrolled during the recruitment period. among them, 5 recipients had the history of renal transplantation before; 2 recipients had concomitant diabetes mellitus; and another one recipient had severe varicose vein in his lower limb. The left 60 pairs of donors and recipients (120 in total) were finally assigned to groups.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Control patients (both donors and recipients) had a deflated cuff placed on the left lower limb for 30 min. | 20 |
| Donor + RIPC Donors receive remote ischaemic preconditioning after anaesthesia induction and before surgery started; recipients only have a deflated blood pressure cuff around their leg for 30 minutes. | 20 |
| Recipient +RIPC recipients receive remote ischaemic preconditioning after anaesthesia induction and before surgery started; donors only have a deflated blood pressure cuff around their leg for 30 minutes. | 20 |
| Total | 60 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Donor + RIPC | Recipient +RIPC | Total | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 47.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 | 48.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.2 | 47.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.4 | 32.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 19.94 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.99 | 20.38 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 | 20.13 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.65 | 22.19 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.51 |
| Cold ischemic time | 166.25 minutes STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.22 | 177.25 minutes STANDARD_DEVIATION 27.59 | 173.05 minutes STANDARD_DEVIATION 28.52 | 175.65 minutes STANDARD_DEVIATION 36.35 |
| Region of Enrollment China | 20 donors/recipients pairs | 20 donors/recipients pairs | 60 donors/recipients pairs | 20 donors/recipients pairs |
| Relationship parents | 16 donors/recipients pairs | 14 donors/recipients pairs | 42 donors/recipients pairs | 12 donors/recipients pairs |
| Relationship siblings | 2 donors/recipients pairs | 5 donors/recipients pairs | 13 donors/recipients pairs | 6 donors/recipients pairs |
| Relationship spouses | 2 donors/recipients pairs | 1 donors/recipients pairs | 5 donors/recipients pairs | 2 donors/recipients pairs |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 14 Participants | 6 Participants | 14 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants | 10 Participants | 24 Participants | 8 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
Outcome results
Primary
Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients
Plasma concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) before the operation and 24hours after the artery unclamping
Time frame: within the first 24hours after the operation
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | before operation | 1478.7 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 617.65 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 317.8 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 210.41 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | before operation | 1269.1 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 603.1 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 370.1 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 212.51 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | before operation | 1377.9 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 677.98 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of NGAL in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 256.2 ng/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 309.04 |
Primary
Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients
Plasma creatinine concentration before surgery, 1hour, 4hours, 24hours, 48hours and 72hours after the artery unclamping
Time frame: within the first 3days after the operation
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | before operation | 849.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 122.34 |
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 776.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 102.74 |
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 651.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 118.27 |
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 222.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 102.44 |
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 48hours after the artery unclamping | 150.0 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 80.35 |
| Control | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 72hours after the artery unclamping | 120 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 48.25 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 72hours after the artery unclamping | 153.0 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 73.61 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | before operation | 878.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 258.41 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 240.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 92.51 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 48hours after the artery unclamping | 193.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 74.69 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 797.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 231.99 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 639.0 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 226.72 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 725.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 182.56 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 600.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 213.39 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 72hours after the artery unclamping | 126.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 71.78 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 253.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 121.4 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | before operation | 771.0 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 205.4 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Creatine Concentration of the Recipients | 48hours after the artery unclamping | 176.5 μmol/l | Inter-Quartile Range 96.18 |
Primary
Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively
Accumulated urinary output 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping and the urinary output on the 2nd and 3rd day after the operation
Time frame: within the first 3days after the operation
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 3rd day after the operation | 4600 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 1215.9 |
| Control | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 4hours after the artery unclamping | 1875 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 1502.7 |
| Control | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 24hours after the artery unclamping | 8775 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 5289.8 |
| Control | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 1hour after the artery unclamping | 175 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 265.1 |
| Control | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 2nd day after the operation | 5355 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 2051.7 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 4hours after the artery unclamping | 2650 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 1271.9 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 2nd day after the operation | 5200 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 3846.3 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 3rd day after the operation | 3765 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 2166.7 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 1hour after the artery unclamping | 300 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 239.6 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 24hours after the artery unclamping | 10025 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 5151 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 3rd day after the operation | 3650 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 1451.5 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 4hours after the artery unclamping | 1850 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 999.8 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 24hours after the artery unclamping | 6375 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 3497 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | on the 2nd day after the operation | 4020 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 1984.5 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urinary Output of the Recipients Postoperatively | within 1hour after the artery unclamping | 100 ml | Inter-Quartile Range 220.4 |
Secondary
Acute Rejection of Transplanted Kidney
biopsy-confirmed, clinically symptomatic
Time frame: before discharge
Population: All the patients completed the study and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Acute Rejection of Transplanted Kidney | 0 participants |
| Donor + RIPC | Acute Rejection of Transplanted Kidney | 0 participants |
| Recipient +RIPC | Acute Rejection of Transplanted Kidney | 0 participants |
Secondary
Delayed Graft Function
Delayed Graft Function according to the clinical symptoms
Time frame: before discharge
Population: All the patients completed the study and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Delayed Graft Function | 1 participants |
| Donor + RIPC | Delayed Graft Function | 2 participants |
| Recipient +RIPC | Delayed Graft Function | 2 participants |
Secondary
Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay
time from the day of operation to the day of discharge for the recipients
Time frame: before discharge
Population: All the patients completed the study and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay | 17 day | Inter-Quartile Range 4.8 |
| Donor + RIPC | Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay | 15 day | Inter-Quartile Range 3.7 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay | 14.5 day | Inter-Quartile Range 8.2 |
Secondary
Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients
Plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) before the operation, 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients
Time frame: within the first 24hours after the operation
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 3.58 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.8 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | before operation | 2.96 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.72 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 3.60 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.8 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 2.97 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.88 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | before operation | 3.34 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.7 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 3.46 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.92 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 3.57 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.72 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 4.15 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.59 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 3.36 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.83 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 3.54 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.84 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 3.91 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.77 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of MDA in the Recipients | before operation | 3.14 nmol/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 0.65 |
Secondary
Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients
Plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the operation, 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients
Time frame: within 24hours after the operation
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | before operation | 105.04 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 27.08 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 41.47 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 33.83 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 76.47 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 28.81 |
| Control | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 88.86 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 21.41 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 94.90 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 28.96 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 90.67 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 32.49 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 64.13 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 34.99 |
| Donor + RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | before operation | 96.77 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 29.79 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 68.04 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 29.27 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | before operation | 113.51 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 23.86 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 89.36 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 22.47 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Plasma Concentration of SOD in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 112.25 U/ml | Inter-Quartile Range 23.92 |
Secondary
Total Costs During the Hospitalization
Total costs from the admission to the discharge of the recipients
Time frame: from the admission to the discharge of the patients
Population: All the patients completed the study and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Total Costs During the Hospitalization | 82499 RMB yuan | Inter-Quartile Range 23625.18 |
| Donor + RIPC | Total Costs During the Hospitalization | 83574 RMB yuan | Inter-Quartile Range 22164.7 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Total Costs During the Hospitalization | 82298 RMB yuan | Inter-Quartile Range 24113.99 |
Secondary
Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients
Urine concentration of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients
Time frame: within the first 24hours after the artery unclamping
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 3.74 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 3.27 |
| Control | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 16.58 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 26.94 |
| Control | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 3.73 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 7.36 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 4.45 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 10.37 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 18.54 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 29.58 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 2.65 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 3.01 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 17.06 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 31.3 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 4.13 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 2.87 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Postoperatively in Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 6.46 U/L | Inter-Quartile Range 6.92 |
Secondary
Urine Concentration of NAG Preoperatively in Recipients
Urine concentration of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) before the operation
Time frame: before operation
Population: Urine could not be obtained from the other 46 patients because of anuria.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Urine Concentration of NAG Preoperatively in Recipients | 20.79 U/L | Standard Deviation 13.68 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Preoperatively in Recipients | 15.25 U/L | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of NAG Preoperatively in Recipients | 16.09 U/L | Standard Deviation 20.71 |
Secondary
Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients
Urine concentration of retinol binding protein (RBP) 1hour, 4hours and 24hours after the artery unclamping in the recipients
Time frame: within the first 24hours after the artery unclamping
Population: All patients completed the trial and no dropout occured.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 2.23 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.28 |
| Control | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 2.18 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.44 |
| Control | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 2.05 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.48 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 1.94 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.48 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 1.93 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.42 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 1.91 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.43 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 1hour after the artery unclamping | 2.05 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.44 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 24hours after the artery unclamping | 1.94 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.5 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Postoperatively in the Recipients | 4hours after the artery unclamping | 2.27 mg/L | Inter-Quartile Range 0.56 |
Secondary
Urine Concentration of RBP Preoperatively in the Recipients
Urine concentration of retinol binding protein (RBP) before the operation in the recipients
Time frame: before the operation
Population: No urine could be obtained from the other 46 patients because of anuria.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Urine Concentration of RBP Preoperatively in the Recipients | 2.222 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0.315 |
| Donor + RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Preoperatively in the Recipients | 2.168 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Recipient +RIPC | Urine Concentration of RBP Preoperatively in the Recipients | 1.964 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0.465 |