Ann Arbor Stage III Grade 1 Follicular Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage III Grade 2 Follicular Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage III Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage IV Grade 1 Follicular Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage IV Grade 2 Follicular Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage IV Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma, Grade 3a Follicular Lymphoma
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized phase II trial studies how well ofatumumab and bendamustine hydrochloride with or without bortezomib works in treating patients with untreated follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Monoclonal antibodies, such as ofatumumab, may block cancer growth in different ways by targeting certain cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as bendamustine hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Bortezomib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Bortezomib may also stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. It is not yet known whether ofatumumab and bendamustine hydrochloride are more effective with bortezomib in treating patients with follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the complete response (CR) rate in newly diagnosed, untreated follicular lymphoma patients receiving 6 cycles of ofatumumab-bendamustine (bendamustine hydrochloride) (ARM A) and 6 cycles of ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine (ARM B) using International Harmonization Project Response Criteria. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with untreated follicular lymphoma after 6 cycles of ofatumumab-bendamustine (ARM A) followed by maintenance ofatumumab and after 6 cycles of ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine followed by maintenance ofatumumab and bortezomib (ARM B). II. To determine the toxicity profile of ofatumumab and bendamustine and ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine in patients with untreated high-risk follicular lymphoma. III. To determine if changes in both qualitative and semi-quantitative fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron-emission tomography (PET) findings at baseline, after cycle 2 (day 32-35), and at end of therapy (6-8 weeks after the last cycle of induction chemotherapy but prior to maintenance therapy) with ofatumumab-bendamustine and ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine correlate with response and PFS in patients with high-risk follicular lymphoma. IV. To assess if a combinatorial approach using both qualitative and semi-quantitative changes in FDG-PET and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at baseline, after cycle 2 (day 32-35), and at end of therapy (6-8 weeks after the last cycle of induction chemotherapy prior to maintenance therapy) would result in a higher predictive value for response and PFS in patients with high-risk follicular lymphoma. V. To correlate all molecular parameters with FDG-PET parameters in determination of response and PFS. VI. To correlate pre-treatment single nucleotide polymorphisms with response and PFS following ofatumumab-bendamustine and ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine therapy in patients with untreated high-risk follicular lymphoma. VII. To correlate cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma (bcl)-2, marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki-67), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), activated cytotoxic T-cells, lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAM), melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1 (MUM1), CD10, nuclear v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (p65) and v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog C (cREL) subunits of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFkB), and selected genetic translocations by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis (such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-6) with response and PFS in patients receiving initial therapy for high-risk follicular lymphoma. VIII. To determine whether immune gene signatures previously identified as prognostic factors in follicular lymphoma can be applied to paraffin-embedded tissues in ofatumumab and bendamustine or ofatumumab, bendamustine, and bortezomib treated patients; evaluate micro-ribonucleic acid (RNA) signatures associated with these gene signatures and outcome. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. ARM A: INDUCTION: Patients receive ofatumumab intravenously (IV) over 2-8 hours on day 1 and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 6 courses. Patients without disease progression continue on to maintenance therapy. MAINTENANCE: Beginning 8 weeks after the start of induction course 6, patients receive ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 56 days for up to 4 courses. ARM B: INDUCTION: Patients receive ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1, bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 2, and bortezomib IV over 3-5 seconds or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 6 courses. Patients without disease progression continue on to maintenance therapy. MAINTENANCE: Beginning 8 weeks after the start of induction course 6, patients receive ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1 and bortezomib IV over 3-5 seconds or SC on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 56 days for up to 4 courses. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 4 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for up to 10 years.
Interventions
DRUGBendamustine Hydrochloride
Given IV
DRUGBortezomib
Given IV or SC
RADIATIONFludeoxyglucose F-18
Undergo FDG-PET
OTHERLaboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies
BIOLOGICALOfatumumab
Given IV
PROCEDUREPositron Emission Tomography with Radiolabeled Targeting Agent
Undergo FDG-PET
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically confirmed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma, World Health Organization (WHO) classification grade 1, 2, or 3a (\> 15 centroblasts per high-power field with centrocytes present) * Bone marrow biopsies as the sole means of diagnosis are not acceptable, but they may be submitted in conjunction with nodal biopsies * Fine-needle aspirates are not acceptable * Failure to submit pathology within 60 days of patient registration will be considered a major protocol violation * Patients must have at least one of the following indicators of poor risk disease: * \>= 3 risk factors by the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, or 2 risk factors by the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index and at least one bulky mass or lymph node \> 6 cm in size * Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI score): * Age \> 60 years * Involvement of \> 4 nodal sites * Stage III-IV disease * Hemoglobin \< 12.0 g/dL * Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) \> upper limit of normal (ULN) * 0-1 of the above risk factors: low risk * 2 risk factors: intermediate risk * \>= 3 risk factors: poor risk * No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or radioimmunotherapy * No corticosteroids are permitted, except for maintenance therapy for a non-malignant disease or to prevent treatment-related ofatumumab reactions (maintenance therapy dose must not exceed 20 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) * Measurable disease must be present either on physical examination or imaging studies; non-measurable disease alone is not acceptable; any tumor mass \> 1 cm is acceptable; lesions that are considered non-measurable include the following: * Bone lesions * Leptomeningeal disease * Ascites * Pleural/pericardial effusion * Inflammatory breast disease * Lymphangitis cutis/pulmonis * Bone marrow involvement (involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma should be noted) * Patients must have no known central nervous system (CNS) involvement by lymphoma * Patients must have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 * Patients must be non-pregnant and non-nursing; pregnant or nursing patients may not be enrolled; women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration; in addition, women and men of childbearing potential must commit to use an effective form of contraception throughout their participation in this study; appropriate methods of birth control include abstinence, oral contraceptives, implantable hormonal contraceptives (Norplant), or double barrier method (diaphragm plus condom) * Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are eligible; patients with HIV infection must meet the following: no evidence of co-infection with hepatitis B or C; CD4+ count \> 400/ul; no evidence of resistant strains of HIV; on anti-HIV therapy with an HIV viral load \< 50 copies HIV RNA/mL; no history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions; no zidovudine or stavudine are allowed owing to overlapping toxicity with chemotherapy * Patients must have no evidence of active hepatitis B or C infection (i.e., no positive serology for anti-hepatitis B core \[HBc\] or anti-hepatitis C virus \[HCV\] antibodies); hepatitis B virus (HBV) seropositive patients (hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] +) are eligible if HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is undetectable at baseline and they are closely monitored for evidence of active HBV infection by HBV DNA testing at each treatment cycle; after completing treatment, HBsAg + patients must be monitored by HBV DNA testing every 2 months for 6 months post-treatment, while continuing lamivudine * Granulocytes \>= 1,000/uL * Platelet count \>= 75,000/uL * Creatinine =\< 2.0 mg/dL * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 2.5 x upper limits of normal (ULN) * Bilirubin =\< 2 x ULN
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Complete Response Rate | From date of randomization until patient stops treatment for any reason, up to 484 days post-randomization | A complete response was defined using International Harmonization Project Response Criteria as the complete disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy. If the bone marrow was involved by lymphoma before treatment, the infiltrate must have cleared on repeat bone marrow biopsy. The complete response (CR) rate was calculated in newly diagnosed untreated follicular lymphoma patients receiving 6 cycles of ofatumumab-bendamustine (ARM A) and 6 cycles of ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine (ARM B). The complete response rate was calculated as the number of patients with a complete response divided by the number of patients eligible for evaluation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) | Up to 4 years | Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. PFS rates (percentages) at 1, 2, ,3 and 4 years are defined as the percentage of patients who are alive and progression-free at the respective time points. The p-values of the log-rank test will be calculated to compare PFS between the two arms. |
| The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment | From date of randomization until patient stops treatment for any reason, up to 484 days post-randomization | The number of patients who experienced grade 3+ hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events at least possibly related to treatment assessed according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-treatment Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) | Up to 10 years | The PFS will be compared among the three genotype groups of each SNP using the log-rank tests. A maxtype test will be used by taking the maximum value of the log-rank tests under dominant, recessive, and proportional hazard model. The critical value (or p-value) of the max test will be obtained by a permutation method. No multiple testing adjustment may be applied because of the small sample size. |
| Immunohistochemical (IHC) Markers | Up to 10 years | The IHC markers will be correlated with response (using the two-sample t-test) and PFS (using the Cox regression method) data. No multiple testing adjustment will be applied because of the small sample size. |
| Predictive Value of Fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission Tomography | Up to 36-38 weeks (6-8 weeks after course 6, day 1 after last course of induction chemotherapy) | The ratio will be correlated with response (using the two-sample t-test) and PFS (using the Cox regression method) data. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
One hundred thirty five patients registered to this trial. However, 3 patients cancelled prior to receiving any study treatment and were excluded from all analyses.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) INDUCTION: Patients receive:\> 300 mg ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1, cycle1 and 1000 mg ofatumumab IV on day 1, cycle 2-6 and 90 mg/m2 bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 6 courses. Patients without disease progression continue on to maintenance therapy. \>
\> MAINTENANCE: Beginning 8 weeks after the start of induction course 6, patients receive 1000 mg ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 56 days for up to 4 courses. | 66 |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) INDUCTION: Patients receive 300 mg ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1, cycle1 and 1000 mg ofatumumab IV on day 1, cycle 2-6 and 90 mg/m2 bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 2, and 1.6 mg/m2 bortezomib IV over 3-5 seconds or SC on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 35 days for up to 6 courses. Patients without disease progression continue on to maintenance therapy. \>
\> MAINTENANCE: Beginning 8 weeks after the start of induction course 6, patients receive 1000 mg ofatumumab IV over 2-8 hours on day 1 and 1.6 mg/m2 bortezomib IV over 3-5 seconds or SC on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 56 days for up to 4 courses. | 62 |
| Total | 128 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Ineligible after beginning treatment | 1 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Total | Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61 years | 61 years | 61.5 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants | 6 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 62 Participants | 118 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 12 Participants | 16 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 54 Participants | 112 Participants | 58 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 66 participants | 128 participants | 62 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 28 Participants | 60 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 38 Participants | 68 Participants | 30 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 1 / 67 | 4 / 65 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 67 / 67 | 65 / 65 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 67 | 4 / 65 |
Outcome results
Primary
Complete Response Rate
A complete response was defined using International Harmonization Project Response Criteria as the complete disappearance of all detectable clinical evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms if present before therapy. If the bone marrow was involved by lymphoma before treatment, the infiltrate must have cleared on repeat bone marrow biopsy. The complete response (CR) rate was calculated in newly diagnosed untreated follicular lymphoma patients receiving 6 cycles of ofatumumab-bendamustine (ARM A) and 6 cycles of ofatumumab, bortezomib, and bendamustine (ARM B). The complete response rate was calculated as the number of patients with a complete response divided by the number of patients eligible for evaluation.
Time frame: From date of randomization until patient stops treatment for any reason, up to 484 days post-randomization
Population: All patients that were eligible for response assessment were included in this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Complete Response Rate | .621 proportion of patients |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | Complete Response Rate | .597 proportion of patients |
Secondary
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. PFS rates (percentages) at 1, 2, ,3 and 4 years are defined as the percentage of patients who are alive and progression-free at the respective time points. The p-values of the log-rank test will be calculated to compare PFS between the two arms.
Time frame: Up to 4 years
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 3 years | 65.9 percentage of patients |
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 1 year | 93.8 percentage of patients |
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 4 years | 57.3 percentage of patients |
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 2 years | 80.3 percentage of patients |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 4 years | 64.7 percentage of patients |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 3 years | 67.1 percentage of patients |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 2 years | 75.6 percentage of patients |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | PFS at 1 year | 84.8 percentage of patients |
p-value: 0.845795% CI: [0.51, 1.74]Log Rank
Secondary
The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment
The number of patients who experienced grade 3+ hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events at least possibly related to treatment assessed according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0
Time frame: From date of randomization until patient stops treatment for any reason, up to 484 days post-randomization
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment | Hematologic | 45 Participants |
| Arm A (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride) | The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment | Non-Hematologic | 17 Participants |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment | Hematologic | 41 Participants |
| Arm B (Ofatumumab, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Bortezomib) | The Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3+ Hematologic and Non-hematologic Adverse Events at Least Possibly Related to Treatment | Non-Hematologic | 33 Participants |
Other Pre-specified
Immunohistochemical (IHC) Markers
The IHC markers will be correlated with response (using the two-sample t-test) and PFS (using the Cox regression method) data. No multiple testing adjustment will be applied because of the small sample size.
Time frame: Up to 10 years
Other Pre-specified
Predictive Value of Fludeoxyglucose-positron-emission Tomography
The ratio will be correlated with response (using the two-sample t-test) and PFS (using the Cox regression method) data.
Time frame: Up to 36-38 weeks (6-8 weeks after course 6, day 1 after last course of induction chemotherapy)
Other Pre-specified
Pre-treatment Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)
The PFS will be compared among the three genotype groups of each SNP using the log-rank tests. A maxtype test will be used by taking the maximum value of the log-rank tests under dominant, recessive, and proportional hazard model. The critical value (or p-value) of the max test will be obtained by a permutation method. No multiple testing adjustment may be applied because of the small sample size.
Time frame: Up to 10 years