Anesthesia, General
Conditions
Keywords
Sevorane, Sevoflurane, General anesthesia, Inhalation anesthesia, General surgery
Brief summary
The main objective of this post-marketing observational study (PMOS) is to collect data of using general anesthesia in patients undergoing any surgery to create local recommendations. These data will be based on the evaluation of volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with Sevorane® (sevoflurane) in adult patients requiring general anesthesia for surgery in terms of quality of anesthesia and its influence on the cardiovascular system in common clinical practice in Ukraine.
Detailed description
This PMOS will be conducted in a prospective, multi-centre format. It is a non-interventional, observational study in which Sevorane is prescribed for adult patients undergoing general surgery for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in the usual manner in accordance with the terms of the local marketing authorization. Sevorane is used for induction and maintenance anesthesia by the choice of anesthesiologist. No additional procedures (other than standard of care) shall be applied to the patients. Each patient will be observed from the starting of anesthesia till the anesthesia end. Markers of myocardial ischemia will be detected up to the first 24 hours after anesthesia (if available). Additionally the correlation between the experience and training background of anesthesiologists and patient related outcomes of general anesthesia with sevoflurane as a single anesthetic will be assessed.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Abbott (Ukraine)
Study design
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients needing general anesthesia for planned or urgent surgery for whom Sevorane is used for induction and maintenance anesthesia by the choice of anesthesiologist
Exclusion criteria
* Known sensitivity to sevoflurane or other anesthetic containing halogen * Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia * Receiving regional anesthetic techniques * Receiving intravenous anesthesia * A history of unexplained moderate/severe hepatic dysfunction with jaundice, fever, and/or eosinophilia in association with halogenated anesthetics
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Loss of Consciousness of Patients Administered Anesthesia | Up to 16 minutes | Loss of consciousness was measured from the time the anesthetic was administered until loss of consciousness (loss of eyelash reflex) occurred. |
| Time to Awakening of Patients | Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until the patient responded to a verbal command | Measured from the time anesthesia administration was stopped until the patient responded to a verbal command. |
| Time to Extubation of Patients | Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until extubation occurred | Time to extubation was measured from the time anesthesia administration was stopped until tracheal extubation occurred. |
| Anesthesiologists' Satisfaction With Using Sevorane for Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia | Day 1 | The anesthesiologist's overall satisfaction with the inhalation anesthesia with Sevorane for each patient was assessed by means of a numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). |
| Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane | Day 1 | After awakening from anesthesia, patients were surveyed regarding their overall impression of anesthesia with Sevorane. Patients selected one of the following answers: excellent, positive, indifferent, or other. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Troponin (Troponin T) (if Available) | Within 24 hours after anesthesia | Troponin T values measured within 24 hours of anesthesia were to be collected when available. No data were reported for this outcome measure during the study. |
| Creatine Kinase Myocardial Isoenzyme (if Available) | Within 24 hours after anesthesia | Creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) values measured within 24 hours of anesthesia were to be collected when available. |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation | The systolic blood pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded. |
| Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening | Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until the patient was extubated and until the patient responded to a verbal command. | Anesthesiologists' length of clinical experience with general anesthesia and modern inhalation agents was collected. The influence of this clinical experience on anesthesia parameters was evaluated by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient between the duration of clinical experience (exp) with inhalation (inh) anesthesia and Sevorane on the time to extubation and the time to awakening, respectively. |
| Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation | The anesthesiologists' length of clinical experience with Sevorane was collected. The influence of this experience on the changes in hemodynamic parameters during anesthesia with Sevorane was evaluated by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient between the duration of clinical experience with Sevorane and the changes in blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate between T0 (before anesthesia) and T1 (at the end of induction), T2 (at the end of surgical incision), T3 (at the end of extubation), T4 (1 hour after the operation), and the minimum and maximum values, respectively. |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation | The diastolic blood pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded. |
| Mean Arterial Pressure | Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation | The mean arterial pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded. |
| Heart Rate | Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation | The heart rate of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded. |
| Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | During induction and maintenance of anesthesia on Day 1 | Electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments performed during induction of the anesthesia and maintenance were analyzed with respect to the presence of the following deviations: blockades (problems with heart electrical activity), extrasystoles (extra abnormal heart beats), arrhythmia (abnormal heart rate or rhythm), and myocardial ischemia (decreased blood flow to the heart). |
Countries
Ukraine
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery Adult patients requiring general anesthesia for surgery | 1,365 |
| Total | 1,365 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery |
|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 44.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 894 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 471 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 7 / 1,365 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 1,365 |
Outcome results
Primary
Anesthesiologists' Satisfaction With Using Sevorane for Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia
The anesthesiologist's overall satisfaction with the inhalation anesthesia with Sevorane for each patient was assessed by means of a numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied).
Time frame: Day 1
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Anesthesiologists' Satisfaction With Using Sevorane for Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia | 8.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
Primary
Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane
After awakening from anesthesia, patients were surveyed regarding their overall impression of anesthesia with Sevorane. Patients selected one of the following answers: excellent, positive, indifferent, or other.
Time frame: Day 1
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane | Excellent | 527 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane | Positive | 767 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane | Indifferent | 56 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Patients' Overall Impression of the Anesthesia With Sevorane | Other | 4 participants |
Primary
Time to Awakening of Patients
Measured from the time anesthesia administration was stopped until the patient responded to a verbal command.
Time frame: Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until the patient responded to a verbal command
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Time to Awakening of Patients | 16.3 minutes | Standard Deviation 38.7 |
Primary
Time to Extubation of Patients
Time to extubation was measured from the time anesthesia administration was stopped until tracheal extubation occurred.
Time frame: Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until extubation occurred
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Time to Extubation of Patients | 99.2 minutes | Standard Deviation 481.8 |
Primary
Time to Loss of Consciousness of Patients Administered Anesthesia
Loss of consciousness was measured from the time the anesthetic was administered until loss of consciousness (loss of eyelash reflex) occurred.
Time frame: Up to 16 minutes
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Time to Loss of Consciousness of Patients Administered Anesthesia | 3.0 minutes | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
Secondary
Cardiac Troponin (Troponin T) (if Available)
Troponin T values measured within 24 hours of anesthesia were to be collected when available. No data were reported for this outcome measure during the study.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after anesthesia
Population: No data were available for the cardiac troponin outcome measure.
Secondary
Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia
The anesthesiologists' length of clinical experience with Sevorane was collected. The influence of this experience on the changes in hemodynamic parameters during anesthesia with Sevorane was evaluated by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient between the duration of clinical experience with Sevorane and the changes in blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate between T0 (before anesthesia) and T1 (at the end of induction), T2 (at the end of surgical incision), T3 (at the end of extubation), T4 (1 hour after the operation), and the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
Time frame: Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis. n=the number of participants with available data at given time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (T1-T0; n=1363) | -0.017 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (T2-T0; n=1363) | -0.072 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (T3-T0; n=1361) | -0.111 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (T4-T0; n=1340) | -0.165 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (Minimum-T0; n=1364) | -0.168 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Systolic blood pressure (Maximum-T0; n=1364) | -0.078 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (T1-T0; n=1363) | -0.054 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (T2-T0; n=1363) | -0.103 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (T3-T0; n=1361) | -0.031 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (T4-T0; n=1340) | -0.010 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (Minimum-T0; n=1364) | -0.181 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Diastolic blood pressure (Maximum-T0; n=1364) | -0.071 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (T1-T0; n=1340) | -0.038 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (T2-T0; n=1340) | -0.100 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (T3-T0; n=1336) | -0.062 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (T4-T0; n=1341) | -0.111 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (Minimum-T0; n=1341) | -0.180 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Mean arterial blood pressure (Maximum-T0; n=1340) | -0.083 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (T1-T0; n=1363) | -0.214 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (T2-T0; n=1363) | -0.165 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (T3-T0; n=1353) | -0.215 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (T4-T0; n=1336) | -0.152 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (Minimum-T0; n=1362) | -0.194 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Hemodynamic Parameters During Anesthesia | Heart rate (Maximum-T0; n=1358) | -0.222 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
Secondary
Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening
Anesthesiologists' length of clinical experience with general anesthesia and modern inhalation agents was collected. The influence of this clinical experience on anesthesia parameters was evaluated by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient between the duration of clinical experience (exp) with inhalation (inh) anesthesia and Sevorane on the time to extubation and the time to awakening, respectively.
Time frame: Every minute after anesthesia was stopped until the patient was extubated and until the patient responded to a verbal command.
Population: All participants with available data at each time point were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening | Exp w/ inh anesthesia (time to extubation) | 0.019 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening | Exp w/ inh anesthesia (time to awakening) | -0.142 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening | Exp w/ Sevorane (time to extubation) | 0.016 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Correlation Between Anesthesiologists' Clinical Experience and Time to Extubation and Awakening | Exp w/ Sevorane (time to awakening) | 0.211 Spearman's correlation coefficient |
Secondary
Creatine Kinase Myocardial Isoenzyme (if Available)
Creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) values measured within 24 hours of anesthesia were to be collected when available.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after anesthesia
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Creatine Kinase Myocardial Isoenzyme (if Available) | 34.0 U/L | Standard Deviation 12.3 |
Secondary
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The diastolic blood pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded.
Time frame: Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis. n=the number of participants with available data at given time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Diastolic Blood Pressure | Before anesthesia (n=1364) | 83.1 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 12.2 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Diastolic Blood Pressure | Induction anesthesia (after intubation) (n=1363) | 72.8 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 13.5 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Diastolic Blood Pressure | After surgical incision (n=1363) | 71.6 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 12.7 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Diastolic Blood Pressure | After extubation (n=1361) | 76.0 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 12.2 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Diastolic Blood Pressure | One hour after operation (n=1340) | 75.1 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 11.2 |
Secondary
Heart Rate
The heart rate of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded.
Time frame: Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis. n=the number of participants with available data at given time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Heart Rate | Before anesthesia (n=1363) | 83.2 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 14.6 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Heart Rate | Induction anesthesia (after intubation) (n=1363) | 79.8 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 15.4 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Heart Rate | After surgical incision (n=1363) | 77.4 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 13.9 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Heart Rate | After extubation (n=1353) | 81.2 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 13.2 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Heart Rate | One hour after operation (n=1336) | 77.5 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 11.1 |
Secondary
Mean Arterial Pressure
The mean arterial pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded.
Time frame: Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis. n=the number of participants with available data at given time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Mean Arterial Pressure | Before anesthesia (n=1341) | 101.9 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 16.4 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Mean Arterial Pressure | Induction anesthesia (after intubation) (n=1340) | 88.2 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 16.4 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Mean Arterial Pressure | After surgical incision (n=1340) | 86.8 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 14.2 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Mean Arterial Pressure | After extubation (n=1336) | 94.1 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 33.5 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Mean Arterial Pressure | One hour after operation (n=1316) | 91.7 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 13.3 |
Secondary
Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia
Electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments performed during induction of the anesthesia and maintenance were analyzed with respect to the presence of the following deviations: blockades (problems with heart electrical activity), extrasystoles (extra abnormal heart beats), arrhythmia (abnormal heart rate or rhythm), and myocardial ischemia (decreased blood flow to the heart).
Time frame: During induction and maintenance of anesthesia on Day 1
Population: All participants with valid data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Blockades (induction) | 1 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Blockades (maintenance) | 6 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Extrasystoles (induction) | 3 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Extrasystoles (maintenance) | 20 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Arrhythmia (induction) | 5 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Arrhythmia (maintenance) | 15 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Myocardial ischemia (induction) | 0 participants |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Presence of Deviations in Electrocardiogram Assessments During Anesthesia | Myocardial ischemia (maintenance) | 8 participants |
Secondary
Systolic Blood Pressure
The systolic blood pressure of each patient was recorded at different time points from just before the start of anesthesia to one hour after the operation concluded.
Time frame: Before starting anesthesia to one hour after the operation
Population: All participants with available data were included in the analysis. n= the number of participants with available data at given time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Systolic Blood Pressure | Before anesthesia (n=1363) | 135.4 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 17.9 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Systolic Blood Pressure | Induction anesthesia (after intubation) (n=1362) | 116.6 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 19 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Systolic Blood Pressure | After surgical incision (n=1362) | 115.0 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 16.7 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Systolic Blood Pressure | After extubation (n=1360) | 123.8 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 15.8 |
| Adults Requiring Anesthesia for Surgery | Systolic Blood Pressure | One hour after operation (n=1339) | 122.3 mm Hg | Standard Deviation 14.5 |