Improvement of Cardiovascular Autonomic Control., Improvement of Functional Capacity., Improvement of Quality of Life., Reduction of Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients.
Conditions
Keywords
Inspiratory Muscle Training, Hypertension, Breathing Exercises, Cardiac Rehabilitation
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine inspiratory muscle training effects on blood pressure, functional capacity and quality of life in hypertensive patients.
Detailed description
The interaction between respiratory function and cardiovascular system, as well as the present alterations in these systems, due to diseases such as Hypertension, diabetes and chronic heart failure, are the factors that potentially participate of the pathogenic frame in these situations. Consequently, it is so related to reduction of functional capacity, endothelial dysfunction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular control and morphologic alterations on the skeletal muscles, including ventilatory muscles. On the other hand, a proinflammatory state also participates of this dysfunction and reduced function capacity situation. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, increased heart rate variability, diabetes and heart failure explain the occurrence of the majority of cardiovascular events in the entire world and so in Brazil. Studies with experimental models and in patients with cardiovascular diseases identified important inflammatory activity associated to risk factors and preceding clinical events. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) shows consistent results in the improvement of functional capacity in athletes, sedentary subjects, heart failure patients and in animals submitted to an IMT model. The study of alterations in cardiorespiratory interaction, functional capacity and cardiovascular control mechanisms (sympathetic, parasympathetic by heart rate variability), altogether, in hypertension, is a single opportunity to identify new pathogenic mechanisms involved in the reduction of functional capacity as well as promote its quantification. Therefore, the effects of IMT on these alterations are still not well understood. In this way, the response to IMT is a complement to epidemiologic and clinical models, as potential source of new possibilities in the research field.
Interventions
OTHERInspiratory Muscle Training
Breathing exercises associated to the use of a training device with predetermined pressure load, daily, 30 minutes per day, during eight weeks.
Sponsors
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul
Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Age between 25 and 70 2. Hypertension in all stages: 2.1. Prehypertension - Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 to 89 mmHg 2.2.Stage 1 Hypertension - SBP of 140 to 159 mmHg and/or DBP of 90 to 99 mmHg 2.3.Stage 2 Hypertension - SBP ≥ 160 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg
Exclusion criteria
1. Disagreement with consent form 2. Thoracic pain (angina) 3. Hypertension instability 4. Antihypertensive drugs alterations within 30 days before or during the study 5. Diabetes 6. Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease 7. Incapability of executing the functional tests 8. Asthma 9. Chronic Heart Failure 10. Obesity 11. Cardiovascular diseases complications
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Differences on blood pressure levels | eight weeks | Blood pressure behavior is accessed by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitorying. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| improvement of Heart rate variability | eight weeks | — |
| improvement of quality of life | eigth weeks | To measure the quality of life, it is used the SF36 short form questionary. |
| Improvement of Functional Capacity | eight weeks | It is measure by the oxytgen consumption accessed by ergospirometry. |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed