Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of confirmed responses (complete response, partial response, and hematologic improvement as defined by revised IWG criteria during the 12 months of treatment.
Interventions
DRUGLenalidomide
Sponsors
Washington University School of Medicine
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patient must be able to understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form. * Patient must be ≥ 18 years old. * Patient must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. * Patient must have histologically confirmed Myelodysplastic Syndrome as defined by FAB Classification including CMML and secondary MDS which has either: * progressed at any time during treatment with hypomethylating agents * failed to achieve a response after 6 cycles * progressed after treatment with hypomethylating agents had been discontinued Criteria for response and for progression as defined by revised IWG criteria * Patient must have discontinued all previous cancer therapy, including radiation, hormonal therapy and surgery at least 4 weeks prior to treatment in this study. * Patient must have an ECOG performance status of ≤ 2 at study entry * Patient must have laboratory test results within these ranges: * calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 30ml/min by Cockcroft-Gault formula * total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN * AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤ 3 x ULN * Patient must be disease free of prior malignancies for at least 5 years with exception of currently treated basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast. * Patient must be registered into the mandatory Revlimid REMS® program and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of Revlimid REMS®. * If a female of childbearing potential (FCBP), patient must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL within 10 to 14 days prior to initiation of therapy and again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for Cycle 1 (prescriptions must be filled within 7 days). Females of reproductive potential must adhere to the scheduled pregnancy testing as required in the Revlimid REMS® program. A FCBP is defined as a sexually mature woman who: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months). -If a FCBP, patient must agree to use two reliable forms of contraception simultaneously or to practice complete abstinence from heterosexual intercourse during the following time periods related to this study: 1) for at least 28 days before starting study drug; 2) while participating in the study; and 3) for at least 28 days after discontinuation from the study. The two methods of reliable contraception must include one highly effective method (i.e. intrauterine device (IUD), hormonal \[birth control pills, injections, or implants\], tubal ligation, partner's vasectomy) and one additional effective (barrier) method (i.e. latex condom, diaphragm, cervical cap). FCBP must be referred to a qualified provider of contraceptive methods if needed
Exclusion criteria
* Patient must not have any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the subject from signing the informed consent form. * Patient must not be pregnant or breastfeeding. * Patient must not have any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study. * Patient must not use any other experimental drug or therapy within 28 days of baseline. * Patient must not have a known hypersensitivity to thalidomide. * Patient must not have developed of erythema nodosum if characterized by a desquamating rash while taking thalidomide or similar drugs. * Patient must not have any prior use of lenalidomide. * Patient must not be concurrently using other anti-cancer agents or treatments. * Patient must not have known seropositivity for or active viral infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients who are seropositive because of hepatitis B virus vaccine are eligible.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria | Up to 56 weeks (14 cycles of treatment) | * Complete remission (CR): ≤5% myeloblasts bone marrow blasts, normal maturation in all cell lines (dysplasia will be noted), ≥11 g/dl peripheral blood hemoglobin, ≥100x10\^9cells/μL peripheral blood platelets, ≥1000 cells/ μL peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and 0% peripheral blood blasts. * Marrow complete remission (MCR): ≤5% myeloblasts and decreased by ≥50% compared to pre-treatment bone marrow blasts, bone marrow morphology not relevant, and peripheral blood (if hematological improvement they will be noted in addition to marrow CR). * Partial remission (PR): previously had ≥5% myeloblasts and now have ≥5% myeloblasts but decreased by ≥50% compared to pre-treatment, bone marrow morphology not relevant, ≥11 g/dl peripheral blood hemoglobin, ≥100x109cells/μL peripheral blood platelets, ≥1000 cells/ μL peripheral blood ANC, and 0% peripheral blood blasts |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival Rate | 6 months after end of treatment (up to 82 weeks from start of treatment) | -Overall survival rate is the percentage of participants who were alive 6 months after end of treatment. |
| Duration of Response | Until 6 months after end of treatment | — |
| Time to Discontinuation of Treatment | Up to 56 weeks (14 cycles) | — |
| Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | 30 days after end of treatment (up to 60 weeks) | — |
| Time to Progression | Up to 6 months after completion of treatment (up to 82 weeks from start of treatment) | The time to progression is defined as the time from registration to the date of progression or last follow-up. Those who die will be considered to have had disease progression unless documented evidence clearly indicates no progression has occurred. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study opened to participant enrollment on 06/30/2011 and closed to participant enrollment on 05/19/2014.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Lenalidomide Lenalidomide 50 mg/day for two 28 day cycles.
Patients who have bone marrow aplasia as defined by a cellularity of \<10% will be observed till counts recover. If patients do not progress following 2 cycles of HD lenalidomide, they will receive low dose lenalidomide 10 mg daily for 12 cycles. | 24 |
| Total | 24 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Lenalidomide |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 73 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 24 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 19 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 24 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 19 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria
* Complete remission (CR): ≤5% myeloblasts bone marrow blasts, normal maturation in all cell lines (dysplasia will be noted), ≥11 g/dl peripheral blood hemoglobin, ≥100x10\^9cells/μL peripheral blood platelets, ≥1000 cells/ μL peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and 0% peripheral blood blasts. * Marrow complete remission (MCR): ≤5% myeloblasts and decreased by ≥50% compared to pre-treatment bone marrow blasts, bone marrow morphology not relevant, and peripheral blood (if hematological improvement they will be noted in addition to marrow CR). * Partial remission (PR): previously had ≥5% myeloblasts and now have ≥5% myeloblasts but decreased by ≥50% compared to pre-treatment, bone marrow morphology not relevant, ≥11 g/dl peripheral blood hemoglobin, ≥100x109cells/μL peripheral blood platelets, ≥1000 cells/ μL peripheral blood ANC, and 0% peripheral blood blasts
Time frame: Up to 56 weeks (14 cycles of treatment)
Population: 8 participants were not evaluable for this outcome measure because they did not complete at least one cycle of therapy.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide | Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria | CR | 0 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria | MCR | 8 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria | PR | 0 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Number of Participants With Confirmed Responses (Complete Remission, Partial Remission, or Hematologic Improvement) as Defined by the International Working Group Criteria | HI | 2 participants |
Secondary
Duration of Response
Time frame: Until 6 months after end of treatment
Population: 8 participants had a response -- all had MCR.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide | Duration of Response | 70 days |
Secondary
Overall Survival Rate
-Overall survival rate is the percentage of participants who were alive 6 months after end of treatment.
Time frame: 6 months after end of treatment (up to 82 weeks from start of treatment)
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide | Overall Survival Rate | 29 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Time to Discontinuation of Treatment
Time frame: Up to 56 weeks (14 cycles)
Population: 16 out of 24 participants were evaluable for this outcome measure as these 16 participants completed at least the first cycle of treatment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide | Time to Discontinuation of Treatment | 2 cycles |
Secondary
Time to Progression
The time to progression is defined as the time from registration to the date of progression or last follow-up. Those who die will be considered to have had disease progression unless documented evidence clearly indicates no progression has occurred.
Time frame: Up to 6 months after completion of treatment (up to 82 weeks from start of treatment)
Population: Time to progression was not analyzed. This was a prespecified secondary outcome but due to the early termination of the study time to progression was not followed.
Secondary
Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4
Time frame: 30 days after end of treatment (up to 60 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Pneumonia | 12 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Sepsis | 4 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Febrile neutropenia | 8 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Rash | 2 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Thromboembolic event | 1 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | Myocardial infarction | 1 participants |
| Lenalidomide | Toxicity as Measured by Number of Participants Who Experienced Related Grade 3-5 Adverse Events Based on CTCAE Version 4 | New cancer - mammary analogue salivary carcinoma | 1 participants |