Effect of Exercise With or Without Breakfast, on Metabolism, Appetite and Cognition

The Interactive Effect of Breakfast Consumption and Exercise on Metabolism, Appetite and Cognitive Function

Status

Completed

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01229345

Enrollment

Registered

2010-10-27

Start date

2010-10-31

Completion date

2011-07-31

Last updated

2012-05-04

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Appetite,, Cognitive Function., Energy Balance,

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of eating breakfast in combination with exercise on fat usage, appetite and brain performance later in the day.

Interventions

DRUGBreakfast & exercise

1859 kJ breakfast vs fast, exercise at 60% maximum aerobic capacity to expend 1859 kJ.

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

CROSSOVER

Primary purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

MALE

Age

18 Years to 45 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Male * Aged 18-45 years * BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 * Physically active: able to run for 1 h at a moderate pace * Healthy

Exclusion criteria

* Smokers * Food allergies * Metabolic disorders * Restrained eaters (equivalent of \>7 for restrained on TFEQ) * Consuming herbal/dietary supplements * History of head trauma * Learning difficulties * ADHD * Dyslexia * History of migraines * Gastric problems

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Energy balance	24 h	Energy balance (kJ/kcal) will be assessed by an ad libitum test meal provided at 5 h minus energy expenditure estimated by indirect calorimetry.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Serum insulin	1.5 h area under the curve, post-consumption of a liquid snack	—
Subjective appetite ratings	1.5 h area under the curve, post-consumption of a liquid snack and following an ad libitum test meal	Participants will be asked to complete visual analogue scales (VAS).
Blood glucose	1.5 h area under the curve, post-consumption of a liquid snack	—
Mood	1.5 h area under the curve, post-consumption of a liquid snack and following an ad libitum test meal	Participants will be asked to complete visual analogue scales (VAS).
Energy expenditure	1.5 h mean following a liquid snack	Measured by indirect calorimetry
Cognitive function measurements	1.5 h area under the curve, post-consumption of a liquid snack and following an ad libitum test meal	Reaction time, short-term memory, speed of processing, attention.

Countries

United Kingdom

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026