MPN-associated Myelofibrosis, Primary Myelofibrosis
Conditions
Keywords
Myelofibrosis, Post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis, Post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis, RBC-transfusion-dependence, Primary Myelofibrosis
Brief summary
The objective of this study is to determine whether pomalidomide is safe and effective in reversing red blood cell (RBC)-transfusion-dependence in persons with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis (global study) and in reversing anemia in Chinese with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and severe anemia not receiving RBC-transfusions (China extension study only)
Detailed description
The multicenter global study was conducted in 15 countries including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The global study enrolled participants with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis and RBC-transfusion-dependence. Participants were randomly assigned to receive pomalidomide or placebo in a blinded fashion. In most countries participating in the global study, RBC-transfusions are typically given for a hemoglobin level \<80-90 g/L. In China, RBC-transfusions are rarely given unless the hemoglobin level is \<60 g/L. Consequently, few Chinese with MPN-associated myelofibrosis meet RBC-transfusion-dependence criteria of the global study. A China-specific extension was developed to test the ability of pomalidomide to improve severe anemia (defined as a hemoglobin \< 80 g/L for ≥ 84 days in persons not receiving RBC-transfusions). The China-specific extension study consisted of a single-arm, open-label study in adults with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and severe anemia not receiving RBC transfusions with the objective of describing the frequency of anemia response. The Global (intent-to-treat \[ITT\] and safety) population in the main study and the China extension (ITT and safety) population are mutually exclusive.
Interventions
DRUGPomalidomide 0.5 mg
Pomalidomide 0.5 mg capsule taken by mouth once daily. Immunomodulatory agent with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of subjects with RBC-transfusion-dependence associated with MNP-associated myelofibrosis.
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo Comparator to active drug; Placebo capsule taken by mouth once daily
DRUGPomalidomide
Pomalidomide 0.5 mg capsule taken by mouth once daily.
Sponsors
Celgene
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age ≥ 18 years * Myeloproliferative-neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis * RBC-transfusion-dependence (global study): * Average RBC-transfusion frequency ≥ 2 units/28 days over at least the 84 days immediately prior to randomization. There must be no interval \> 42 days without ≥ 1 RBC-transfusion. * Only RBC-transfusions given when the hemoglobin ≤ 90 g/L³ are scored in determining eligibility. * RBC-transfusions due to bleeding are not scored in determining eligibility. * RBC-transfusions due to chemotherapy-induced anemia are not scored in determining eligibility. * Severe anemia (China-specific extension): * ≥ 2 hemoglobin concentrations ≤ 80 g/L for ≥ 84 days immediately before the day of enrollment. * No RBC-transfusion within 6 months prior to enrollment. * Hemoglobin ≤ 130 g/L at randomization (global study); ≤ 80 g/L at enrollment in the China-specific extension. * Bone marrow biopsy within 6 months (global study only). * Inappropriate to receive blood cell or bone marrow allotransplant, erythropoietin and androgenic steroids * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2. * Agree to follow pregnancy precautions as required by the protocol. * Agree to receive counseling related to teratogenic and other risks of pomalidomide. * Agree not to donate blood or semen.
Exclusion criteria
* Prior blood cell or bone marrow allotransplant. * Use of drugs to treat MPN-associated myelofibrosis ≤ 30 days before starting study drug. * Treatment with erythropoietin or androgenic steroids ≤ 84 days before starting study drug. * Anemia due to reasons other than MPN-associated myelofibrosis. * Pregnant or lactating females. * More than 10% blasts by bone marrow examination or more than 10% blasts in blood in consecutive measurements spanning at least 8 weeks * Prior history of malignancies,other than the disease being studied, unless the subject has been free of the malignancy for ≥ 5 years with the following exceptions: * Carcinoma in situ of the cervix * Carcinoma in situ of the breast * Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer (T 1a or T 1b using TNM \[tumor, nodes, metastasis\] clinical staging system) * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, active hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. * Prior treatment with pomalidomide. * Allergic reaction or rash after treatment with thalidomide or lenalidomide * Any of the following laboratory abnormalities: * Neutrophils \< 0.5x10\^9 /L * Platelets \< 25 x 10\^9 /L * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (kidney function) \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m² * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) \> 3.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Total bilirubin ≥ 4 x ULN; * Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. * Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus (PE) \< 6 months before starting study drug * Clinically-important heart disease within the past 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Who Achieved RBC-Transfusion Independence | 168 days | RBC-transfusion independence was defined as the absence of RBC transfusions for any consecutive 84-day interval. |
| China Extension: Number of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin Increase of ≥ 15 g/L Compared to Baseline for ≥ 84 Consecutive Days | From the first dose of study drug until treatment discontinuation; median treatment duration was 24.0 weeks. | A response in the China extension study was defined as an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 15 g/L above baseline value (in the absence of RBC transfusion) for ≥ 84 consecutive days. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to RBC-Transfusion Independence | 168 days | Time to response was measured from first dose of study drug to the start of the first response. The start date of the response was defined as one day after the last date of an RBC-transfusion for participants who received a RBC-transfusion after the first dose, and as the date of the first dose of study drug for participants who received no RBC-transfusions during the 84 days after the first dose of study drug. |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | From the first dose of study drug until 28 days after last dose; median treatment duration was 23.7 weeks in the pomalidomide arm, 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm, and 24.0 weeks in the China extension pomalidomide arm. | A TEAE is an adverse event (AE) that starts on or after the first dose of study drug. The severity of each AE was graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE),Version 4.0 and according to the following scale: Grade 1 = Mild (transient or mild discomfort; no limitation in activity; no medical intervention/therapy required); Grade 2 = Moderate (mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; minimal medical intervention/therapy required); Grade 3 = Severe (marked limitation in activity, assistance usually required; medical intervention/therapy required, hospitalization possible); Grade 4 = Life-threatening (extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance or medical intervention/therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable); Grade 5 = Death Drug-related (related) AEs are those suspected by the Investigator as being related to administration of study drug |
| Healthcare Resource Utilization | From first dose of study drug up to 28 days after last dose, as of the data cut-off date of 16 Jan 2013; median treatment duration was 23.6 weeks in the pomalidomide arm and 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm. | — |
| Overall Survival | From first dose of study drug up to end of study; median follow-up time was 19.1 months in the pomalidomide 0.5 mg arm and 17.6 months in the placebo arm. | The time from randomization to the death or to the latest date when participants are known to be alive. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method; participants who were alive or lost to follow-up were censored at the latest date they were known to be alive. |
| Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale | Baseline and Days 85 and 169 | EQ-5D is a standardized, participant-rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D includes 2 components: the EQ-5D health state profile (descriptive system) and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS). On the VAS the participant rates his/her health state on a line from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health). |
| Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score | Baseline and Days 85 and 169 | The FACT-An is a 47-item, cancer-specific questionnaire consisting of a core 27-item general questionnaire measuring the four general domains of QoL (physical, social/family, emotional and functional well-being), and an additional 20-item anemia questionnaire (FACT-An Anemia subscale) that measures 13 fatigue-associated items (FACT-F Fatigue subscale) and seven non-fatigue-related items. Each item is scored using a 5-point Likert rating scale (0 = Not at all; 1 = A little bit; 2 = Somewhat; 3 = Quite a bit; and 4 = Very much). FACT-An total score is calculated by adding all the FACT-An subscales together. The total score ranges from 0-188 with higher scores representing better QOL. |
| Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score | Baseline and Days 85 and 169 | EQ-5D is a standardized, participant-rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D includes 2 components: the EQ-5D health state profile (descriptive system) and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS). For the health state profile participants rate their perceived health state today on 5 dimensions: mobility, selfcare, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 3, where 1 = no problems, 2 = some problems, and 3 = extreme problems. The EQ-5D Health Utility Index (HUI) was generated from the five health state domain scores, and ranges from -0.594 (worst) and 1 (best) imaginable health state, with -0.594 representing an unconscious health state. |
| Duration of RBC-Transfusion Independence | From first dose of study drug up to 28 days after last dose, as of the data cut-off date of 16 Jan 2013; median treatment duration was 23.6 weeks in the pomalidomide arm and 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm. | The duration of RBC-transfusion independence is the time from the date at which the first RBC-transfusion independence started to the date of another RBC-transfusion given at least 84 days after the time the transfusion independence started. The duration of the RBC-transfusion independence was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Data were censored at the end of the treatment phase for participants who had not received another RBC-transfusion after the start of transfusion independence by the end of treatment phase. |
Countries
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants in the global study were enrolled at 72 clinical centers in 15 countries. In addition, the China-specific extension study enrolled participants with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis and severe anemia not receiving red blood cell (RBC)-transfusions at 5 sites in China.
Pre-assignment details
Participants in the global study were randomized 2:1 to receive blinded pomalidomide or placebo. All participants in the China extension received open-label pomalidomide. Randomization was stratified by age (≤ vs \>65 years), white blood cells (\< or ≥25 × 10⁹/L) and baseline transfusion requirement (≤ vs \>4 units RBC/28 days over the prior 84 days).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg Participants received pomalidomide 0.5 mg/day by mouth for at least 168 days unless there were unacceptable side effects or disease progression. Participants who experienced clinical benefit (defined as a reduction from Baseline of ≥ 50% in RBC-transfusion frequency during the prior 84-day interval) could continue to receive pomalidomide until the definition of clinical benefit was no longer met or other criteria for treatment discontinuation applied. | 168 |
| Placebo Participants received placebo taken by mouth once daily for at least 168 days unless there were unacceptable side effects or disease progression.
Participants who were RBC-transfusion independent or experienced clinical benefit could continue to receive placebo until loss of RBC-transfusion independence response or clinical benefit, or other criteria for treatment discontinuation applied. | 84 |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg Participants received pomalidomide 0.5 mg/day by mouth for at least 168 days unless there were unacceptable side effects, disease progression, or they received a RBC-transfusion. Participants who experienced anemia response could continue treatment until the response was lost or other criteria for treatment discontinuation applied. | 15 |
| Total | 267 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Placebo | Pomalidomide 0.5 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous China extension study | 63.0 years | 63.0 years | — | — |
| Age, Continuous Global study | 69.0 years | — | 69.0 years | 69.0 years |
| Baseline RBC Transfusion Burden China extension study | 0.0 units per 28 days | 0.0 units per 28 days | — | — |
| Baseline RBC Transfusion Burden Global study | 2.7 units per 28 days | — | 2.8 units per 28 days | 2.7 units per 28 days |
| Disease Sub-type Missing | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Disease Sub-type Post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis | 37 Participants | 3 Participants | 11 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Disease Sub-type Post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis | 27 Participants | 2 Participants | 8 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Disease Sub-type Primary myelofibrosis | 202 Participants | 10 Participants | 65 Participants | 127 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 (Fully active) | 80 Participants | 5 Participants | 22 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 1 (Restricted but ambulatory) | 141 Participants | 9 Participants | 47 Participants | 85 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 2 (Ambulatory but unable to work) | 46 Participants | 1 Participants | 15 Participants | 30 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 3 (Limited self-care) | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 4 (Completely disabled) | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 4 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 238 Participants | 15 Participants | 79 Participants | 144 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 25 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 46 Participants | 15 Participants | 11 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 5 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Missing | 23 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 188 Participants | 0 Participants | 66 Participants | 122 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 75 Participants | 6 Participants | 28 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 192 Participants | 9 Participants | 56 Participants | 127 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 115 / 167 | 54 / 83 | 8 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 155 / 167 | 76 / 83 | 12 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 76 / 167 | 29 / 83 | 0 / 15 |
Outcome results
Primary
China Extension: Number of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin Increase of ≥ 15 g/L Compared to Baseline for ≥ 84 Consecutive Days
A response in the China extension study was defined as an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 15 g/L above baseline value (in the absence of RBC transfusion) for ≥ 84 consecutive days.
Time frame: From the first dose of study drug until treatment discontinuation; median treatment duration was 24.0 weeks.
Population: China extension intent-to-treat population, which includes all participants enrolled in the China extension study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | China Extension: Number of Participants Achieving a Hemoglobin Increase of ≥ 15 g/L Compared to Baseline for ≥ 84 Consecutive Days | 1 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved RBC-Transfusion Independence
RBC-transfusion independence was defined as the absence of RBC transfusions for any consecutive 84-day interval.
Time frame: 168 days
Population: Global study intent to treat population (ITT) which includes all participants randomized to either of the two study drugs, regardless of whether or not any study drug was actually taken.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Percentage of Participants Who Achieved RBC-Transfusion Independence | 17.3 percentage of participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants Who Achieved RBC-Transfusion Independence | 16.7 percentage of participants |
p-value: 1Fisher Exact
Secondary
Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score
EQ-5D is a standardized, participant-rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D includes 2 components: the EQ-5D health state profile (descriptive system) and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS). For the health state profile participants rate their perceived health state today on 5 dimensions: mobility, selfcare, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 3, where 1 = no problems, 2 = some problems, and 3 = extreme problems. The EQ-5D Health Utility Index (HUI) was generated from the five health state domain scores, and ranges from -0.594 (worst) and 1 (best) imaginable health state, with -0.594 representing an unconscious health state.
Time frame: Baseline and Days 85 and 169
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population with available data at baseline and each time point
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score | Day 85 | -0.0385 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.248 |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score | Day 169 | -0.0202 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.1666 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score | Day 85 | -0.0298 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.2129 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Health Index Score | Day 169 | 0.0766 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.1546 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale
EQ-5D is a standardized, participant-rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D includes 2 components: the EQ-5D health state profile (descriptive system) and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS). On the VAS the participant rates his/her health state on a line from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health).
Time frame: Baseline and Days 85 and 169
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population with available data at baseline and each time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale | Day 85 | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.78 |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale | Day 169 | 2.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.85 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale | Day 85 | -1.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.07 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale | Day 169 | 0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.25 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score
The FACT-An is a 47-item, cancer-specific questionnaire consisting of a core 27-item general questionnaire measuring the four general domains of QoL (physical, social/family, emotional and functional well-being), and an additional 20-item anemia questionnaire (FACT-An Anemia subscale) that measures 13 fatigue-associated items (FACT-F Fatigue subscale) and seven non-fatigue-related items. Each item is scored using a 5-point Likert rating scale (0 = Not at all; 1 = A little bit; 2 = Somewhat; 3 = Quite a bit; and 4 = Very much). FACT-An total score is calculated by adding all the FACT-An subscales together. The total score ranges from 0-188 with higher scores representing better QOL.
Time frame: Baseline and Days 85 and 169
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population with available data at baseline and each time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score | Day 85 | -2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.32 |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score | Day 169 | 6.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.49 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score | Day 85 | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.73 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Total Score | Day 169 | 11.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.6 |
Secondary
Duration of RBC-Transfusion Independence
The duration of RBC-transfusion independence is the time from the date at which the first RBC-transfusion independence started to the date of another RBC-transfusion given at least 84 days after the time the transfusion independence started. The duration of the RBC-transfusion independence was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Data were censored at the end of the treatment phase for participants who had not received another RBC-transfusion after the start of transfusion independence by the end of treatment phase.
Time frame: From first dose of study drug up to 28 days after last dose, as of the data cut-off date of 16 Jan 2013; median treatment duration was 23.6 weeks in the pomalidomide arm and 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm.
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population with an 84-day RBC-transfusion independence response
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Duration of RBC-Transfusion Independence | NA months |
| Placebo | Duration of RBC-Transfusion Independence | 5.8 months |
Secondary
Healthcare Resource Utilization
Time frame: From first dose of study drug up to 28 days after last dose, as of the data cut-off date of 16 Jan 2013; median treatment duration was 23.6 weeks in the pomalidomide arm and 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm.
Population: Analysis of healthcare resource utilization data were not collected during the study and no analysis were performed.
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)
A TEAE is an adverse event (AE) that starts on or after the first dose of study drug. The severity of each AE was graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE),Version 4.0 and according to the following scale: Grade 1 = Mild (transient or mild discomfort; no limitation in activity; no medical intervention/therapy required); Grade 2 = Moderate (mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; minimal medical intervention/therapy required); Grade 3 = Severe (marked limitation in activity, assistance usually required; medical intervention/therapy required, hospitalization possible); Grade 4 = Life-threatening (extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance or medical intervention/therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable); Grade 5 = Death Drug-related (related) AEs are those suspected by the Investigator as being related to administration of study drug
Time frame: From the first dose of study drug until 28 days after last dose; median treatment duration was 23.7 weeks in the pomalidomide arm, 23.9 weeks in the placebo arm, and 24.0 weeks in the China extension pomalidomide arm.
Population: Participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | AE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 53 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event suspected as related to study drug | 90 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event leading to dose interruption | 48 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Drug-related AE leading to dose interruption | 26 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Any adverse event (AE) | 164 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Related AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 21 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 adverse event | 100 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE related to study drug | 45 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 33 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to dose interruption | 36 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 adverse event | 17 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 AE related to study drug | 1 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Serious adverse event (SAE) | 76 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE related to study drug | 24 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 31 Participants |
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to dose interruption | 22 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 adverse event | 44 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Any adverse event (AE) | 81 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 9 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 8 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event suspected as related to study drug | 32 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE related to study drug | 13 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 AE related to study drug | 3 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event leading to dose interruption | 17 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE related to study drug | 7 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to dose interruption | 14 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Drug-related AE leading to dose interruption | 6 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Serious adverse event (SAE) | 29 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to dose interruption | 7 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | AE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 14 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 adverse event | 10 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Related AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 8 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Related AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 adverse event | 4 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Serious adverse event (SAE) | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE related to study drug | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE leading to dose interruption | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to study drug discontinuation | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 3/4 AE leading to dose interruption | 1 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 adverse event | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Any adverse event (AE) | 12 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event suspected as related to study drug | 3 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Adverse event leading to dose interruption | 2 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | SAE related to study drug | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Drug-related AE leading to dose interruption | 1 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | Grade 5 AE related to study drug | 0 Participants |
| China Extension: Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) | AE leading to discontinuation of study drug | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
The time from randomization to the death or to the latest date when participants are known to be alive. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method; participants who were alive or lost to follow-up were censored at the latest date they were known to be alive.
Time frame: From first dose of study drug up to end of study; median follow-up time was 19.1 months in the pomalidomide 0.5 mg arm and 17.6 months in the placebo arm.
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Overall Survival | 24.2 months |
| Placebo | Overall Survival | 26.2 months |
p-value: 0.929Log Rank
Secondary
Time to RBC-Transfusion Independence
Time to response was measured from first dose of study drug to the start of the first response. The start date of the response was defined as one day after the last date of an RBC-transfusion for participants who received a RBC-transfusion after the first dose, and as the date of the first dose of study drug for participants who received no RBC-transfusions during the 84 days after the first dose of study drug.
Time frame: 168 days
Population: Global study intent-to-treat population with an 84-day RBC-transfusion independence response
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Pomalidomide 0.5 mg | Time to RBC-Transfusion Independence | 6.9 weeks |
| Placebo | Time to RBC-Transfusion Independence | 2.4 weeks |