Gastroparesis
Conditions
Keywords
Idiopathic gastroparesis, Vomiting, Dyspepsia, GERD
Brief summary
The diagnosis of gastroparesis suggests that delayed gastric emptying is the underlying cause of symptoms, but this description fails to explain the variable presentation. There are fundamental differences in causes, symptoms, and prognosis among patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Understanding these differences is necessary in order to provide effective treatment in these patients. We believe our classification for gastroparesis is a useful tool in the management of patients with idiopathic gastroparesis to predict clinical severity, treatment response, and future prognosis.
Detailed description
Idiopathic gastroparesis is a poor term to describe this very heterogeneous syndrome. Pathophysiology may not be idiopathic, but merely unidentifiable with conventional methods suggested for gastroparesis. The diagnosis of gastroparesis suggests that delayed gastric emptying is the underlying cause of symptoms, but this description fails to explain the variable presentation. There are fundamental differences in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, severity, and future prognosis among patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Understanding these differences is necessary in order to provide cost-effective treatment in these patients. We believe our clinical classification for gastroparesis is a clinical useful tool in the management of patients with idiopathic gastroparesis to predict clinical severity, treatment response, and future prognosis. Patients with vomiting-predominant gastroparesis will be more likely to have an underlying cause, such as viral infection or impaired glucose tolerance with vagal neuropathy. Their symptoms will likely be persistent. Patients with dyspepsia-predominant gastroparesis mimic those with functional dyspepsia and are unlikely to have complications such as weight loss, and dehydration. The necessity of enteric feeding in these patients is also unlikely. Prokinetics may help since delayed gastric emptying may contribute to epigastric pain or postprandial distress. Finding and treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as well as suggesting lifestyle and dietary modifications may be helpful. Patients with regurgitation-predominant gastroparesis may benefit most by improving their delayed gastric emptying. Their gastroparesis may cause reflux-like symptoms, especially at night.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Louisville
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Symptoms of gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, bloating, dyspepsia, early satiety, or effortless regurgitation) \>1 month in duration. * Abnormal 4-hour gastric emptying scan within the past 3 months. * Initial investigation, based on the AGA Technical Review for gastroparesis, is non-diagnostic for an underlying cause
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of endocrine or metabolic diseases: type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, renal failure, adrenal insufficiency. * Presence of post-surgical gastroparesis: gastric surgery with vagotomy (with or without gastric resection, esophagectomy; surgery without vagotomy (fundoplication, bariatric surgery, heart-lung transplant). * Presence of neuromuscular diseases: multiple sclerosis, chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy, myotonic dystrophy. * Presence of connective tissue diseases: systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disorder, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, lupus. * Presence of autonomic diseases: Central (Parkinson, multiple system atrophy, Lewy body disease, brainstem disease) or Peripheral (idiopathic dysautonomia, amyloidosis, immune-mediated disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, mitochondrial disorder, porphyria, hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy). * Presence of paraneoplastic syndrome: small cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, lymphomas, pancreatic cancer. * Taking dopamine agonists on a daily basis. * Presence of known viral infection (Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, rotavirus), Chagas disease. * Presence of gastric outlet, small bowel or colon mechanical obstruction. * Presence of gastric electrical stimulator. * Non-ambulatory patients: bed-ridden, nursing home resident, etc. * Presence of active cancer or undergoing cancer treatment. * Less than 16 years old. * Pregnancy. * Unable to provide informed consent. * Prisoners.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of poor outcome | 3 years | Compare the incidence of any one of the following indicators of poor outcome between subjects with vomiting-predominant, dyspepsia-predominant, and regurgitation-predominant idiopathic gastroparesis: i) Developing new weight loss of \>10% due to gastroparesis compare to weight at study baseline ii) Gastric failure (severe symptoms requiring G or J tube or TPN) iii) Death |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical severity | 1 year | Compare the prevalence of the pre-defined indicators of clinical severity between subjects with vomiting-predominant, dyspepsia-predominant, and regurgitation-predominant at study baseline. |
| Incidence of treatment success | 3 years | Compare the incidence of pre-defined indicators of treatment success between the predominant-symptom subgroups. |
| Potential etiology of idiopathic gastroparesis | 1 year | Compare the prevalence of pre-defined potential etiology between the predominant-symptom subgroups. |
| Prognostic indicators for idiopathic gastroparesis | 3 years | Odd-ratios for developing the poor and good outcome during follow-up will be determined for pred-defined potential prognostic indictors obtained at the baseline visit. |
| Prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance | 1 year | Prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance will be compared between the predominant-symptom subgroups and Subjects with and without gastroparesis complications. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed