Pain Measurement, Visual Analog Pain Scale
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequate dose of intrathecal hydromorphone injection for postoperative pain relief after knee arthroscopic surgery.
Detailed description
Sixty patients who were undergoing unilateral knee arthroscopy randomly received unilateral spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 6 mg combined with normal saline 0.05 mL or hydromorphone 2.5, 5 or, 10 μg/0.05 mL. The verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) pain scores were measured at 30 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively, and the side effects of hydromorphone were recorded.
Interventions
2.5, 5, 10 ug of hydromorphone, intrathecal injection, single injection. duration of intrathecal injection are not fully studied.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* ASA class I-II (age range: 18-72 years) * Informed consent obtained patients
Exclusion criteria
* The
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual Analgesic Numberic Score | during postoperative recovery period. |