Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome x
Conditions
Keywords
diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, botanical oils
Brief summary
This study will compare how well a combination of borage and echium oils will reduce inflammation compared to fish oils and placebo oil in subjects that are diabetic or have metabolic syndrome.
Interventions
DRUGborage/echium oil combination
borage/echium oil combination containing 0.85g/day SDA and 1.7g/day GLA
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTfish oil
1.6g/day EPA and 1.08g/day DHA
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTcorn oil
contains 4.5 g/day linoleic acid
Sponsors
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* adults, aged 21 years or more with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome. metabolic syndrome defined by NCEP/ATPIII criteria; must have 3 out of 5 of the following risk factors: 1.central obesity, men-greater than or equal to 40 inches, women-greater than or equal to 35 inches; 2.fasting blood TG greater than or equal to 150mg/dl or be taking TG lowering medications; 3. blood HDL cholesterol, men less than 40 mg/dl, women less than 50 mg/dl; 4. blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/85 or on HTN medication 5. fasting glucose greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl. * participants on statins or glucose lowering drugs if dosages are stable for 3 months
Exclusion criteria
* children/young adults less than 21 years of age * currently using anti-inflammatory drugs including NSAIDS, oral/IV steroids or injection antiinflammatory drugs(for RA), aspirin greater than 100mg/day * taking leukotriene receptor antagonists ( montelukast), tylenol or nasal/inhaled steroids OK. * currently using niacin, fibrates or fish oil * blood pressure greater than 170/100 * HB1Ac greater than 10% * TG greater than 500 mg/dl * myocardial infarction/vascular surgery/stroke within the past year * any stage II,III,IV heart failure * prior cholecystectomy * end stage renal disease * BMI less than 23 or greater than 45 * pregnancy * alcohol use greater than 14 drinks per week * current self reported tobacco or illicit drug use * intolerance or allergy to fish oil * participants taking insulin on QD or BID doses, stable for 3 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting Insulin | baseline | — |
| hsCRP | baseline | Changes in high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed. |
| Leptin | baseline | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hemoglobin Levels | baseline |
| Adipose Derived Cytokines | 4 weeks |
| Serum Fatty Acids | baseline |
| SNPs in DNA of Selected Genes | baseline |
| PBMC Leukotriene Stimulation | baseline |
| PBMC Gene Expression | baseline |
| Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines | baseline |
| Fasting Glucose | baseline |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
80 participants signed consent, only 71 were randomized to an arm/group
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination borage/echium oil combination containing 0.85g/day SDA and 1.7 g/day GLA
borage/echium oil combination: borage/echium oil combination containing 0.85g/day SDA and 1.7g/day GLA | 22 |
| Fish Oil Croda 18:12 fish oil
fish oil: 1.6g/day EPA and 1.08g/day DHA | 16 |
| Corn Oil corn oil: contains 4.5 g/day linoleic acid | 21 |
| Total | 59 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Abdominal discomfort | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Low platelet count | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Non-related surgery | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | problems swallowing capsule | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | To resume NSAIDs | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Overall Study | To start new med | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Fish Oil | Corn Oil | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 57.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 | 56.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 | 59.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.8 | 57.96 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 10 Participants | 10 Participants | 15 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 12 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 24 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 26 | 0 / 20 | 0 / 25 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 4 / 26 | 5 / 20 | 6 / 25 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 26 | 0 / 20 | 0 / 25 |
Outcome results
Primary
Fasting Insulin
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Fasting Insulin | 15.4 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Fish Oil | Fasting Insulin | 19.1 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 4.5 |
| Corn Oil | Fasting Insulin | 20.2 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
Primary
Fasting Insulin
Fasting insulin data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged.
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Fasting Insulin | 17.7 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Fish Oil | Fasting Insulin | 24.6 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Corn Oil | Fasting Insulin | 20.6 μIU/mL | Standard Deviation 3.3 |
Primary
hsCRP
Changes in high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed and data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged..
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | hsCRP | 3.06 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| Fish Oil | hsCRP | 3.59 mg/L | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Corn Oil | hsCRP | 3.72 mg/L | Standard Deviation 1 |
Primary
hsCRP
Changes in high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed.
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | hsCRP | 3.03 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Fish Oil | hsCRP | 6.08 mg/L | Standard Deviation 3.19 |
| Corn Oil | hsCRP | 2.36 mg/L | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
Primary
Leptin
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Leptin | 33.3 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 6.2 |
| Fish Oil | Leptin | 45.1 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 11 |
| Corn Oil | Leptin | 53.5 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
Primary
Leptin
Data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged.
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Leptin | 33.9 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| Fish Oil | Leptin | 40.6 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 7.2 |
| Corn Oil | Leptin | 44.2 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
Secondary
Adipose Derived Cytokines
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: No data collected
Secondary
Fasting Glucose
Data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged.
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Fasting Glucose | 125.9 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Fish Oil | Fasting Glucose | 128.7 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 11.1 |
| Corn Oil | Fasting Glucose | 130.7 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 11.2 |
Secondary
Fasting Glucose
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Fasting Glucose | 125.9 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 7.3 |
| Fish Oil | Fasting Glucose | 133.5 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 16.7 |
| Corn Oil | Fasting Glucose | 130.0 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 9.8 |
Secondary
Hemoglobin Levels
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Hemoglobin Levels | 6.81 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| Fish Oil | Hemoglobin Levels | 7.42 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
| Corn Oil | Hemoglobin Levels | 7.15 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
Secondary
Hemoglobin Levels
Data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged.
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Hemoglobin Levels | 6.90 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Fish Oil | Hemoglobin Levels | 7.20 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
| Corn Oil | Hemoglobin Levels | 7.07 mg/dL | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
Secondary
PBMC Gene Expression
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: No data collected
Secondary
PBMC Gene Expression
Time frame: baseline
Population: No data collected
Secondary
PBMC Leukotriene Stimulation
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: No data collected
Secondary
PBMC Leukotriene Stimulation
Time frame: baseline
Population: No data collected
Secondary
Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
Time frame: baseline
Population: No data collected
Secondary
Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
Population: No data collected
Secondary
Serum Fatty Acids
Data at 4 and 8 weeks was averaged.
Time frame: 4 weeks and 8 weeks combined
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 9.16 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.44 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .66 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.97 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.09 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 30.97 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 20.49 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.37 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .24 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | 1.2 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.63 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.1 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .04 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | 1.05 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .55 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .08 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.39 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .14 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .05 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | .15 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.55 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.16 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .13 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | .89 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 19.60 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .89 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .62 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .14 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 20.76 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.55 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.14 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .06 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.39 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .25 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 20.24 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.56 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 29.94 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | .45 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | .83 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .02 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .03 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .23 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.18 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.45 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 7.31 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.36 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | 2.79 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.18 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | .19 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 3.58 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.61 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 20.30 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .66 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 8.11 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.46 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .25 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | .02 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | .46 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.62 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.12 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .04 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | .11 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.57 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.13 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.60 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | .71 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 20.75 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.37 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | .52 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .05 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 33.11 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .51 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .31 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.51 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .14 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
Secondary
Serum Fatty Acids
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 20.64 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.41 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.5 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .13 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .55 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .32 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | .02 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | .59 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .69 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.63 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.1 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 19.6 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.51 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .12 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 9.12 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.23 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.14 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | .573 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 32.67 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .10 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .04 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.58 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | .15 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Borage and Echium Oil Combination | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | .80 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.84 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .10 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .33 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.43 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.09 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 8.68 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | .56 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .59 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.73 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.016 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | .04 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .72 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .16 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 21.65 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.92 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.24 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .13 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.00 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .17 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 21.92 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 29.71 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | .55 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Fish Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | .77 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.09 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:0 | 21.19 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:0 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:0 | .01 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C16:1 n-7 | 1.68 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.13 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | .48 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C17:1 | .08 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 8.17 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 31.99 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 1.26 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:0 | 7.47 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.09 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.68 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | .03 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 | .21 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:2 n-6 | .30 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | .73 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:1 n-9 | .03 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C15:0 | .15 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.71 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.12 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C24:0 | .02 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-9 | 20.63 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | Cl4:0 | .70 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.07 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | .54 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C20:1 n-9 | .08 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C14:1 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:2 n-6 | 0 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | .53 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C22:1 n-9 | .05 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Corn Oil | Serum Fatty Acids | C18:1 n-11 | 1.60 percentage of total fatty acids | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
Secondary
SNPs in DNA of Selected Genes
Time frame: baseline
Population: No data collected
Secondary
SNPs in DNA of Selected Genes
Time frame: 4 weeks
Population: No data collected