Lymphoma, HIV
Conditions
Keywords
HIV, B-cell Lymphoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Brief summary
This study is a Phase II, multicenter trial assessing overall survival after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a BEAM transplant regimen (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) in lymphoma patients with HIV.
Detailed description
BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an AIDS-defining diagnosis for patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). While the incidence of NHL has decreased amongst HIV-infected patients since the advent of highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), lymphoma remains a significant cause of death for this patient population. The prognosis for patients with AIDS-related lymphoma is dramatically different in the era of HAART therapy. In a comparison of treatment outcomes for patients treated before and after the advent of HAART, there is a statistically significant improvement in the overall survival of patients treated with HAART. Unfortunately, despite considerable advances in the treatment of AIDS-related NHL, induction-failure and disease relapse remain key challenges. The prognosis for patients with refractory and relapsed NHL is poor with overall survival rates of less than 20 percent for patients treated with non-transplant salvage therapies. Based upon a randomized trial and numerous phase II trials, high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been established as the standard of care for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. DESIGN NARRATIVE: All patients must have chemosensitive disease as demonstrated by response to induction or salvage chemotherapy. Patients must also have less than or equal to 10percent bone marrow involvement after their most recent salvage therapy. Patients cannot have had prior autologous or allogeneic HCT. Patients must initiate conditioning therapy within 3 months of mobilization or bone marrow harvest. Mobilization therapy may be employed per institutional guidelines. Patients must have an adequate autograft to be eligible for the protocol. Patients may not have HIV refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Patients must not have opportunistic infection that is not responding to therapy. Patients will receive Carmustine (BCNU) 300 mg/m\^2 Day -6, Etoposide 100 mg/m\^2 twice a day (BID) on Days -5 to -2, Cytarabine 100 mg/m2 BID on Days -5 to -2, and Melphalan 140 mg/m2 Day -1 followed by autologous HCT. Patients will be followed for 2 years post-transplant. Survival data, time to progression data, progression-free survival data, time to progression after Complete Remission (CR) data, lymphoma disease-free survival data, time to hematopoietic recovery data, hematologic function data, toxicity data, incidence of infections, treatment-related mortality data, immunologic reconstitution data, data assessing the impact of therapy on the HIV reservoir and microbial gut translocation will be recorded and reported periodically to the BMT CTN Data and Coordinating Center (DCC).
Interventions
PROCEDUREAutologous transplant
Participants will receive the BEAM conditioning regimen followed by autologous HCT.
DRUGBCNU
Participants will receive BCNU 300 mg/m\^2 Day -6
DRUGEtoposide
Participants will receive Etoposide 100 mg/m\^2 BID Days -5 to -2
DRUGCytarabine
Participants will receive Cytarabine 100 mg/m\^2 BID Days -5 to -2
DRUGMelphalan
Participants will receive Melphalan 140 mg/m\^2 Day -1
Sponsors
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network
National Marrow Donor Program
Medical College of Wisconsin
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of persistent or recurrent World Health Organization (WHO) classification diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, composite lymphoma with \> 50% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, immunoblastic, plasmablastic, Burkitt's or Burkitt-like or classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients transformed from follicular lymphoma are eligible for the study, pending fulfillment of other criteria. * 15 years old or older * Three or fewer prior regimens of chemotherapy over the entire course of their disease treatment (including one induction chemotherapy and no more than 2 salvage chemotherapies). Monoclonal antibody therapy and involved field radiation therapy will not be counted as prior therapies. * All patients must have chemosensitive disease as demonstrated by at least a partial response to induction or salvage therapy. * Less than or equal to 10% bone marrow involvement. * Patients with adequate organ function as measured by: a)Cardiac: American Heart Association Class I: Patients with cardiac disease but without resulting limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or anginal pain. Additionally, all patients must have a left ventricular ejection fraction at rest greater than or equal to 40% demonstrated by Multi Gated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram; b)Hepatic: (i) Bilirubin less than 2.0 mg/dL (except for isolated hyperbilirubinemia attributed to Gilbert syndrome or antiretroviral therapy) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) greater than 3x the upper limit of normal; (ii) Concomitant Hepatitis: Patients with chronic hepatitis B or C may be enrolled on the trial providing the above criteria are met. In addition, no active viral replication - undetectable (viral load less than 500 copies/ml) hepatitis B DNA level by PCR and no clinical or pathologic evidence of irreversible chronic liver disease; c)Renal: Creatinine clearance (calculated creatinine clearance is permitted) greater than 40 mL/min; d)Pulmonary: Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) greater than or equal to 45% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin). * Autologous peripheral stem cell graft with a minimum of greater than or less than 1.5 x 10\^6 CD 34+ cells/kg (target greater than or less than 2.0 x 10\^6 CD 34+ cells/kg) or if peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization fails, cells can be obtained by bone marrow harvest per institutional practices (in cases where bone marrow will be used for transplantation, the required CD34+ dose does not apply and institutional requirements for total nucleated cell dose should apply). * Initiate conditioning therapy within 3 months of mobilization or bone marrow harvest. * Signed informed consent. * Patients on antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) can either have: a) Undetectable HIV viral load (VL less than 50 copies); b) If VL detectable at less than 2000 copies/mL must have review of previous antiretroviral regimens or previous genotypic or phenotypic testing which indicate the ability to fully suppress virus by addition of sensitive drugs. This review will be carried out by the Infectious Disease (ID) specialist caring for the patient; c)If VL detectable at greater than 2000 copies/mL, a current HIV genotype and/or phenotype must be obtained. If a HAART regimen to which the patient's virus is sensitive can be determined based on genotype and previous antiretroviral experience, then the patient will be considered eligible in this regard. This review will be carried out by the ID specialist caring for the patient.
Exclusion criteria
* Karnofsky performance score less than 70%. * Uncontrolled bacterial, viral or fungal infection (currently taking medication and with progression or no clinical improvement). * Prior malignancy in the 5 years prior to enrollment except resected basal cell carcinoma, treated cervical carcinoma in situ or Kaposi's sarcoma: a)Symptomatic Kaposi's sarcoma currently requiring therapy is excluded (patients receiving topical therapy for minimal disease are not included in this definition); b)Prior treatment with topical agents, local radiation, or up to 6 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy at least six months prior is permitted; c) Other cancers treated with curative intent less than 5 years previously will not be allowed unless approved by the Medical Monitor or Protocol Chair; d)Cancer treated with curative intent more than 5 years previously will be allowed. * Pregnant (positive β-HCG) or breastfeeding. * Fertile men or women unwilling to use contraceptive techniques from the time of initiation of mobilization until six-months post-transplant. * Prior autologous or allogeneic HCT. * Patients with evidence of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or abnormal cytogenetic analysis indicative of MDS on the pre-transplant bone marrow examination. Pathology report documentation need not be submitted.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS) | Year 1 and 2 | Assess the OS after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for chemotherapy-sensitive aggressive B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with HIV using BEAM for pre-transplant conditioning. The primary analysis will consist of estimating the 1 year OS probability from the time of transplantation based on the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. The 1 year and 2 year OS and confidence interval will be calculated. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relapse/Progression | Year 2 | Relapse is defined as the appearance of any new lesion more than 1.5 cm in any axis during or at the end of therapy, even if other lesions are decreasing in size. Progression is defined as a lymph node with a diameter of the short axis of less than 1.0 cm must increase by \>= 50% and to a size of 1.5 x 1.5 cm or more than 1.5 cm in the long axis. |
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | Year 2 | The time to this event is the time from enrollment until death, relapse/progression, receipt of anti-lymphoma therapy, or last follow up, whichever comes first. Progression-free survival (PFS) will be estimated using the Kaplan Meier product limit estimator. The PFS probability and confidence interval will be calculated at two years post-transplant. |
| Complete Remission (CR) and/or Partial Response (PR) | Day 100 | The frequencies and proportions of patients who have a CR or PR. CR is defined as the disappearance of all evidence of disease, and PR is defined as the regression of measurable disease and no new sites. |
| Time to Progression After CR | Year 2 | This will be assessed in patients with CR. Patients are considered failure for this end point if they relapse after complete remission. Surviving patients with no history of relapse/progression are censored at time of last follow-up. |
| Lymphoma Disease-free Survival | Year 2 | This will be assessed in patients with CR. Patients are considered failure for this end point if they die or if they relapse after complete remission. Patients with no history of relapse or death after complete remission are censored at time of last follow up. |
| Cumulative Incidence of Neutrophil Recovery | Day 28 | Neutrophil recovery is defined as two consecutive days of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 500 neutrophils/μL following the expected nadir. |
| Cumulative Incidence of Platelet Recovery | Day 100 | Platelet recovery is defined as a platelet count greater than 20,000/μL for the first of two consecutive labs with no platelet transfusions 7 days prior. |
| Hematologic Function | Days 100 and 365 | Hematologic function will be defined as ANC \> 1500 neutrophils/μL, Hemoglobin\> 10g/dL without transfusion support, and platelets \> 100,000/μL |
| Number of Participants Experiencing Toxicity | Year 2 | Toxicities will be defined by using the version 3.0 NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. Only grade 3 and higher toxicities will be collected. |
| Number of Participants Experiencing Infections | Year 1 | Microbiologically documented infections will be reported by site of disease, date of onset, severity, and resolution, if any. |
| Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) | Day 100 | TRM is defined as death occurring in a patient from causes other than relapse or progression. A cumulative incidence curve will be computed along with a 95% confidence interval at 100 days post-transplant. |
| Immunologic Reconstitution | Year 1 | Immunologic Reconstitution will be assessed by quantitative immunoglobulin measurement (IgM, IgG and IgA) |
| HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Baseline, Days 100, 180, 365, and 730 | HIV RNA assay will be performed at the specified time points and summarize the assessments of the viral copy number using descriptive statistics. |
| Microbial Translocation Markers | Day 30 and 100 | Level of microbial translocation markers will be determined by nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests comparing the distribution of prior microbial translocation markers between patients. |
| Ig and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Blood | Day 100, 180, and 365 | The presence of clonal Ig DNA in plasma will be assessed, as will EBV copy number in plasma and in peripheral blood |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were enrolled between April 2010 and March 2013 from 16 different transplant centers.
Pre-assignment details
Three patients did not undergo transplantation due to disease progression prior to conditioning.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant Patients will receive BCNU 300 mg/m\^2 Day -6, Etoposide 100 mg/m\^2 twice a day (BID) on Days -5 to -2, Cytarabine 100 mg/m\^2 BID Days -5 to -2, and Melphalan 140 mg/m\^2 Day -1 followed by autologous HCT. | 40 |
| Total | 40 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Disease progression | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Autologous Transplant |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.9 years |
| Disease Status Complete Remission | 30 participants |
| Disease Status Partial Remission | 9 participants |
| Disease Status Relapsed or Progressive Disease | 1 participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 9 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 29 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Karnofsky Performance Score 100 | 11 participants |
| Karnofsky Performance Score 70 | 2 participants |
| Karnofsky Performance Score 80 | 7 participants |
| Karnofsky Performance Score 90 | 20 participants |
| Participant Diagnosis Burkitt's Lymphoma | 7 participants |
| Participant Diagnosis Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma | 16 participants |
| Participant Diagnosis Hodgkin's Lymphoma | 15 participants |
| Participant Diagnosis Plasmablastic Lymphoma | 2 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 13 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown | 3 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 24 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 35 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 40 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 6 / 40 |
Outcome results
Primary
Overall Survival (OS)
Assess the OS after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for chemotherapy-sensitive aggressive B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with HIV using BEAM for pre-transplant conditioning. The primary analysis will consist of estimating the 1 year OS probability from the time of transplantation based on the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. The 1 year and 2 year OS and confidence interval will be calculated.
Time frame: Year 1 and 2
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Overall Survival (OS) | 1 year | 87.3 percentage of participants |
| Autologous Transplant | Overall Survival (OS) | 2 years | 82 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Complete Remission (CR) and/or Partial Response (PR)
The frequencies and proportions of patients who have a CR or PR. CR is defined as the disappearance of all evidence of disease, and PR is defined as the regression of measurable disease and no new sites.
Time frame: Day 100
Population: One participant died at day 64 and was not included in analysis
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Complete Remission (CR) and/or Partial Response (PR) | PR | 1 participants |
| Autologous Transplant | Complete Remission (CR) and/or Partial Response (PR) | Relapse/Progression | 2 participants |
| Autologous Transplant | Complete Remission (CR) and/or Partial Response (PR) | CR | 36 participants |
Secondary
Cumulative Incidence of Neutrophil Recovery
Neutrophil recovery is defined as two consecutive days of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 500 neutrophils/μL following the expected nadir.
Time frame: Day 28
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Cumulative Incidence of Neutrophil Recovery | 97.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Cumulative Incidence of Platelet Recovery
Platelet recovery is defined as a platelet count greater than 20,000/μL for the first of two consecutive labs with no platelet transfusions 7 days prior.
Time frame: Day 100
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Cumulative Incidence of Platelet Recovery | 92.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Hematologic Function
Hematologic function will be defined as ANC \> 1500 neutrophils/μL, Hemoglobin\> 10g/dL without transfusion support, and platelets \> 100,000/μL
Time frame: Days 100 and 365
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Hematologic Function | Day 365 | 23 participants |
| Autologous Transplant | Hematologic Function | Day 100 | 11 participants |
Secondary
HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
HIV RNA assay will be performed at the specified time points and summarize the assessments of the viral copy number using descriptive statistics.
Time frame: Baseline, Days 100, 180, 365, and 730
Population: Participants with an undetectable (\<50 copies/mL) viral load are not included in this analysis (Baseline = 32, Day 100 = 19, Day 180 = 20, Day 365 = 19, and Day 730 = 21)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Day 730 | 130 copies/mL |
| Autologous Transplant | HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Baseline | 80 copies/mL |
| Autologous Transplant | HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Day 100 | 298 copies/mL |
| Autologous Transplant | HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Day 180 | 84 copies/mL |
| Autologous Transplant | HIV Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Day 365 | 97 copies/mL |
Secondary
Ig and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Blood
The presence of clonal Ig DNA in plasma will be assessed, as will EBV copy number in plasma and in peripheral blood
Time frame: Day 100, 180, and 365
Population: No data collected to analyze this outcome measure.
Secondary
Immunologic Reconstitution
Immunologic Reconstitution will be assessed by quantitative immunoglobulin measurement (IgM, IgG and IgA)
Time frame: Year 1
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Immunologic Reconstitution | IgG | 1090 mg/dL |
| Autologous Transplant | Immunologic Reconstitution | IgA | 123 mg/dL |
| Autologous Transplant | Immunologic Reconstitution | IgM | 48.5 mg/dL |
Secondary
Lymphoma Disease-free Survival
This will be assessed in patients with CR. Patients are considered failure for this end point if they die or if they relapse after complete remission. Patients with no history of relapse or death after complete remission are censored at time of last follow up.
Time frame: Year 2
Population: No data collected to analyze this outcome measure.
Secondary
Microbial Translocation Markers
Level of microbial translocation markers will be determined by nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests comparing the distribution of prior microbial translocation markers between patients.
Time frame: Day 30 and 100
Population: No data collected to analyze this outcome measure.
Secondary
Number of Participants Experiencing Infections
Microbiologically documented infections will be reported by site of disease, date of onset, severity, and resolution, if any.
Time frame: Year 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Number of Participants Experiencing Infections | 22 participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Experiencing Toxicity
Toxicities will be defined by using the version 3.0 NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. Only grade 3 and higher toxicities will be collected.
Time frame: Year 2
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Number of Participants Experiencing Toxicity | 9 participants |
Secondary
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
The time to this event is the time from enrollment until death, relapse/progression, receipt of anti-lymphoma therapy, or last follow up, whichever comes first. Progression-free survival (PFS) will be estimated using the Kaplan Meier product limit estimator. The PFS probability and confidence interval will be calculated at two years post-transplant.
Time frame: Year 2
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 79.8 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Relapse/Progression
Relapse is defined as the appearance of any new lesion more than 1.5 cm in any axis during or at the end of therapy, even if other lesions are decreasing in size. Progression is defined as a lymph node with a diameter of the short axis of less than 1.0 cm must increase by \>= 50% and to a size of 1.5 x 1.5 cm or more than 1.5 cm in the long axis.
Time frame: Year 2
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Relapse/Progression | 12.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Time to Progression After CR
This will be assessed in patients with CR. Patients are considered failure for this end point if they relapse after complete remission. Surviving patients with no history of relapse/progression are censored at time of last follow-up.
Time frame: Year 2
Population: No data collected to analyze this outcome measure
Secondary
Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM)
TRM is defined as death occurring in a patient from causes other than relapse or progression. A cumulative incidence curve will be computed along with a 95% confidence interval at 100 days post-transplant.
Time frame: Day 100
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Autologous Transplant | Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) | 5.2 percentage of participants |