Vascular Effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Medications in Youth

Vascular Consequences of ADHD Medication Use in Children and Adolescents

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01107301

Enrollment

138

Registered

2010-04-20

Start date

2010-01-31

Completion date

2013-07-31

Last updated

2014-09-05

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

ADHD

Keywords

ADHD

Brief summary

4.4 million children and adolescents in the United States have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and more than half are treated with medication. Most ADHD medications are stimulants, which activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS activation is closely associated with vascular functional and mechanical abnormalities. Therefore, ADHD medications, via instigating SNS activation and altering the hemodynamic profile, may have untoward effects on the vasculature and increase risk of developing cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents who use them. Our overall objective in this study is to determine whether ADHD medication use is associated SNS activation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents. We will address this objective by conducting a case-control study and obtain non-invasive measures of SNS activation, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents (8-17 years old) with (using stimulant medication) and without ADHD.

Detailed description

SPECIFIC AIMS AND HYPOTHESES Our overall objective in this study is to determine whether ADHD medication use is associated SNS activation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents. Our hypothesis is: Children and adolescents taking ADHD medications will have higher SNS activation, lower digital reactive hyperemia, and higher pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index compared to sibling controls without ADHD. Study Design We will obtain non-invasive measures of SNS activation (heart rate variability), endothelial function (digital reactive hyperemia and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation), and arterial stiffness (carotid-radial pulse wave velocity; aortic augmentation index) in youth taking ADHD stimulant medication and in their healthy siblings without ADHD. Study visits will be conducted at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) at the University of Minnesota. All vascular testing will occur in the Vascular Biology Laboratory within the CTSI.

Interventions

None listed

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

6 Years to 18 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Age 6-18 years old * Current use of ADHD stimulant drug therapy limited to methylphenidates or amphetamines * Sibling without ADHD between the ages of 6-18 years old

Exclusion criteria

• Known (diagnosed) cardiac disease

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Arterial stiffness	Baseline	Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
SNS activation	Baseline	Heart rate variability.
Endothelial Function	Baseline	Digital reactive hyperemia and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation

Countries

United States

Outcome results