Breast Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
HER2-negative breast cancer, male breast cancer, recurrent breast cancer, stage IV breast cancer, stage IIIC breast cancer
Brief summary
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as pixantrone dimaleate, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving pixantrone dimaleate in different ways may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is studying how well pixantrone dimaleate works in treating patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.
Detailed description
OBJECTIVES: Primary * To assess the proportion of confirmed tumor responses at each dose level of pixantrone Secondary * To describe the distribution of progression-free survival (PFS) times of patients receiving pixantrone * To assess the 6-month PFS rate in patients receiving each dose level of pixantrone * To describe the overall survival distribution of patients receiving pixantrone * To assess the adverse event profile of pixantrone in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. * To evaluate the quality of life and patient-reported symptoms of patients receiving the study regimen OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are randomized according to prior doxorubicin treatment ( yes vs no). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. * Arm I: Patients receive pixantrone dimaleate IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. * Arm II: Patients receive pixantrone dimaleate IV over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Some patients undergo blood sample collection at baseline and periodically during study for circulating tumor cells analysis by CellSearch System and mRNA isolation assays. Patients complete quality-of-life questionnaires using the Linear Analogue Self Assessment (LASA6) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) at baseline and periodically during study. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3-6 months for up to 5 years.
Interventions
Given IV
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Registration and Randomization - Inclusion Criteria 1. Women or men 2. ≥18 years of age 3. Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the breast and clinical evidence of metastatic breast cancer. 4. Pre-treatment requirements: 4.1. Must have been previously treated in neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting with anthracycline and/or taxane. 4.2. Must have received 2-3 prior chemotherapy treatment regimens NOTE: If NO prior (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, patient must have received a minimum of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting. 4.2.1 NOTE: If prior (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy HAS been given, patient must have received at least 1 prior chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting. 4.3. Prior hormonal therapy allowed in the neo-adjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting. Unlimited prior hormonal therapy is allowed. 5. Patients must have measurable disease as defined in the protocol. 6. Negative pregnancy test done ≤7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only. 7. The following laboratory values obtained ≤15 days prior to registration. 7.1 Hemoglobin ≥10.0g/dL 7.2 ANC ≥1500/mm\^3 7.3 Platelet count ≥100,000/mL 7.4 Total bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN) 7.5 SGOT (AST) and SGPT (ALT) ≤5 x ULN 7.6 Serum creatinine ≤1.5 x ULN 8. LVEF ≥50% and EKG within institutional normal limits completed ≤22 days prior to registration. 9. ECOG Performance Status (PS) of 0, 1 or 2. 10. Life expectancy \>3 months 11. Ability to complete questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance. 12. Patient has provided written informed consent 13. Willingness to return to NCCTG enrolling institution for follow-up. Registration and Randomization -
Exclusion criteria
1. Any of the following because this study involves an investigational agent whose genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown. 1.1 Pregnant women 1.2 Nursing women 1.3 Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception (as determined by the treating physician) 2. Stage III or IV invasive cancer (other than breast cancer) in ≤3 years prior to registration (with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer). 3. HER2 positive breast cancer (3+ by IHC or FISH amplified) breast cancer by ASCO/CAP guidelines 4. Has already received lifetime cumulative treatment with doxorubicin equivalent to \>400 mg/m2. 5. \>3 prior chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer. 5.1 NOTE: This number includes (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, if given. If (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy HAS been given it counts as one (1) regimen. 6. Major surgery, chemotherapy, or immunologic therapy ≤3 weeks prior to registration. 6.1 NOTE: If patient has received prior treatment with bevacizumab, treatment on this trial should not begin until ≥4 weeks after the last dose of bevacizumab. 7. Radiotherapy ≤4 weeks prior to registration, except if to a non-target lesion only. 7.1 Prior radiation to a target lesion is permitted only if there has been clear progression of the lesion since radiation was completed. 7.2 If patient receives single dose radiation for palliation or radiation to non-target lesion, they may immediately proceed to registration without waiting. 7.3 Acute adverse events from radiation must have resolved to ≤Grade 1 (according to current version of NCI CTCAE). 8. Evidence of active brain metastasis including leptomeningeal involvement. 8.1 CNS metastasis controlled by prior surgery and/or radiotherapy is allowed. To be considered controlled, there must be at least 2 months of no symptoms or evidence of progression prior to study entry and corticosteroid therapy given to control brain edema must have been discontinued. 9. Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure \[BP\] \>160/90mmHg on ≥2 occasions at least 5 minutes apart). (Patients who have recently started or adjusted anti-hypertensive medications are eligible providing that BP is \<140/90mmHg on any new regimen for ≥3 different observations in ≥14 days.). 10. Clinically significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, including any history of the following at any time prior to registration: 10.1 Myocardial infarction 10.2 Unstable angina pectoris 10.3 New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or greater congestive heart failure 10.4. Uncontrolled or clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia (patients with controlled atrial fibrillation are eligible) 11. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. 12. Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens. 13. History of allergy or hypersensitivity to drug product excipients or agents chemically similar to pixantrone. 14. Currently receiving treatment in a different clinical study in which investigational procedures are performed or investigational therapies are administered. 14.1 Patient may not enroll in such clinical trials while participating in this study. Exception may be granted for trials related to symptom management (Cancer Control) which do not employ hormonal treatments or treatments that may block the path of the targeted agents used in this trial.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response) | Up to 5 years | The proportion of confirmed responses will be estimated by the number of women who achieve a CR or PR on two consecutive evaluations at least 6-8 weeks apart depending on the dose level. The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients at each dose level. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion at each dose level will be calculated according to the approach of Duffy and Santner. Response will be evaluated in this study using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1); Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions, each target lymph node must have reduction in short axis to \<1.0 cm. and normalization of tumor biomarkers. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of the non-nodal target lesions and the short axis of the target lymph nodes taking as reference the Baseline Sum of Diameters. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Disease Progression | Up to 5 years | Time to disease progression is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression one day post-registration. The distribution of time to progression will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). |
| 6-month Progression-free Survival Rate | At 6 months | The 6-month progression free survival (6-mo PFS) rate is the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients progression-free 6 months from registration. The 6-mo PFS rate is defined as the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration divided by the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients enrolled on study. Patients who died without documentation of progression will be considered to have progressed on the date of their death. The true 6-mo PFS rate will be estimated by the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration at each dose level. Binomial confidence intervals for 6-mo PFS rate will be constructed for each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). |
| Overall Survival Time | Up to 5 years | Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. |
| Duration of Response | Up to 5 years | Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients with measurable disease who have achieved a confirmed response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented at each dose level. If a patient dies subsequent to the confirmed response without a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. In the case of a patient failing to return for evaluations before a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be censored for progression on the date of last evaluation. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. |
| Toxicity | Up to 1 year after treatment | For this secondary endpoint, toxicity is defined as a grade 3 or higher adverse events that is classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. The assignment of attribution to study treatment and grade (or degree of severity) of the adverse event are classified using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. The number of participants reporting a grade 3 or higher toxicity is reported. For a list of all reported adverse events, please refer to the Adverse Events Section below. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) Patients receive 180 mg/m\^2 pixantrone dimaleate IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. | 24 |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) Patients receive 85 mg/m\^2 pixantrone dimaleate IV over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. | 22 |
| Total | 46 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 56.5 years | 52.5 years | 55.5 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 24 participants | 22 participants | 46 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 23 Participants | 22 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 23 / 24 | 22 / 22 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 24 | 9 / 22 |
Outcome results
Primary
Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response)
The proportion of confirmed responses will be estimated by the number of women who achieve a CR or PR on two consecutive evaluations at least 6-8 weeks apart depending on the dose level. The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients at each dose level. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion at each dose level will be calculated according to the approach of Duffy and Santner. Response will be evaluated in this study using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1); Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions, each target lymph node must have reduction in short axis to \<1.0 cm. and normalization of tumor biomarkers. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of the non-nodal target lesions and the short axis of the target lymph nodes taking as reference the Baseline Sum of Diameters.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response) | 0.08 proportion |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response) | 0.05 proportion |
Secondary
6-month Progression-free Survival Rate
The 6-month progression free survival (6-mo PFS) rate is the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients progression-free 6 months from registration. The 6-mo PFS rate is defined as the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration divided by the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients enrolled on study. Patients who died without documentation of progression will be considered to have progressed on the date of their death. The true 6-mo PFS rate will be estimated by the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration at each dose level. Binomial confidence intervals for 6-mo PFS rate will be constructed for each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1).
Time frame: At 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | 6-month Progression-free Survival Rate | 0.375 proportion |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | 6-month Progression-free Survival Rate | 0.265 proportion |
Secondary
Duration of Response
Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients with measurable disease who have achieved a confirmed response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented at each dose level. If a patient dies subsequent to the confirmed response without a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. In the case of a patient failing to return for evaluations before a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be censored for progression on the date of last evaluation. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Duration of Response | 5.8 months |
Secondary
Overall Survival Time
Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Overall Survival Time | 16.8 months |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | Overall Survival Time | 9.6 months |
Secondary
Time to Disease Progression
Time to disease progression is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression one day post-registration. The distribution of time to progression will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1).
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Time to Disease Progression | 2.8 months |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | Time to Disease Progression | 2.5 months |
Secondary
Toxicity
For this secondary endpoint, toxicity is defined as a grade 3 or higher adverse events that is classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. The assignment of attribution to study treatment and grade (or degree of severity) of the adverse event are classified using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. The number of participants reporting a grade 3 or higher toxicity is reported. For a list of all reported adverse events, please refer to the Adverse Events Section below.
Time frame: Up to 1 year after treatment
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1) | Toxicity | 16 Participants |
| Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15) | Toxicity | 19 Participants |