Substance Abuse
Conditions
Keywords
Training, Substance Abuse, Counseling, Motivational Interviewing
Brief summary
This study aims to train Substance Abuse Treatment Clinicians in the use of Motivational Interviewing techniques through live supervision.
Detailed description
New evidence-based treatments have been slow to be adopted into the routine practice of addiction treatment, and traditional training methods are of limited effectiveness. In this study, the investigators propose to continue development of methods for training clinicians in Motivational Interviewing (MI), based on the principle of live supervision. Live supervision (supervisor and trainee seeing a patient together) is common in basic training, but rarely used in continuing education. In the initial funding period we developed Teleconference Supervision (TCS), which implements live supervision by an expert through teleconferencing technology, harnessing the principles of context-dependent learning, differential reinforcement with immediacy of feedback, and modeling. Clinicians interview standard patients at their home clinics, while Supervisors listen via telephone. The clinician wears an earpiece, through which the Supervisor provides immediate feedback and coaching designed to differentially reinforce and shape MI skills. In a randomized controlled trial with community clinicians (N= 100), TCS produced superior overall MI skill, compared to control conditions where clinicians received Workshop only training, or standard tape-based supervision. Findings were encouraging yet the proportion of clinicians achieving expert proficiency was limited, and there were trends toward loss of skill at follow-up, suggesting longer training is needed to maximize and sustain MI skill. In the new funding period, the investigators propose to build and improve upon TCS by testing an extended model of Teleconference Supervision (TCS-Plus), which will preserve the elements of live supervision from an expert supervisor but will also provide 4 sessions of enhanced tape review supervision on a bi-weekly basis after the initial TCS training. Using telephone technology, enhanced taped review allows the Supervisor and Clinician to listen to the taped session together before discussing the session. Practice sessions will increase from 5 to 9 and be spread out from 8 to 16 weeks. Providing both TCS and enhanced tape review supervision maximizes supervision style advantages. While both offer context dependent learning, TCS provides for modeling and differential reinforcement with immediacy of feedback, and enhanced tape review provides ample time to role play and discuss technique. TCS-Plus will be compared to standard Tape Review supervision. The proposed project will be a StageI trial, intent on maximizing the gains already detected with the TCS model. The investiators will assess if TCS-Plus produces superior MI skill to standard Tape Review supervision in a randomized trial with 130 community based-clinicians. It is hoped that, if successful, TCS-Plus could be a model for remote training and supervision at community treatment programs, promoting adoption of a variety of evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders into routine practice.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALLive teleconference supervision
Participants receive live teleconference supervision during a session with a client on their use of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in the session. MI is a directive, client-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. Compared with nondirective counselling, it is more focused and goal-directed. The examination and resolution of ambivalence is its central purpose, and the counselor is intentionally directive in pursuing this goal.
BEHAVIORALTaped Review Supervision
Participants audio record a session with a client and receive supervision after the session on their use of Motivational Interviewing during the session.
Sponsors
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Clinician, aged 18 to 75, employed in good standing at least 50% time at a licensed substance abuse treatment program. 2. Carries a regular caseload of patients or clients for whom he/she serves as primary therapist. 3. Interested in learning Motivational Interviewing and willing to follow treatment guidelines and training protocol, including random assignment to groups. 4. Willing and able to attend a 2 day workshop, to tape subsequent sessions with patients for evaluation of MI skillfulness by Training Team members and raters, and to participate in supervision, including taping of sessions for review by Training Team members and raters and/or having supervisor listen to, and comment on, live sessions.
Exclusion criteria
1. Planning to terminate employment at the current treatment program within the next six months. 2. Has received credentialing as a Motivational Interviewing trainer, or served as a Motivational Interviewing or Motivational Enhancement Therapy therapist in a clinical trial which provided feedback on MI skill. 3. Has received formal training in Motivational Interviewing within the last three months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With MI Skillfulness | 1,8,16, 24 and 32 weeks | MI skillfulness measured by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Scale (MITI) on double coded audio recorded sessions and clinical interviews. The cumulative number of participants with MI Skillfulness at each time point assessed at 1, 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks are reported. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Live Teleconference Supervision Clinicians from participating substance abuse treatment programs receive live supervision by MI trainer via teleconference while in session with client. | 48 |
| Taped Review Supervision Clinicians from participating substance treatment programs audio record session with client and receive supervision after the session by MI trainer. | 43 |
| Total | 91 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Live Teleconference Supervision | Taped Review Supervision | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 48 Participants | 43 Participants | 91 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity American Indian or Native American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Asian or Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Black, not Hispanic | 24 Participants | 14 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Hispanic | 12 Participants | 15 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Other | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity White, not Hispanic | 12 Participants | 11 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 48 Participants | 43 Participants | 91 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 29 Participants | 20 Participants | 49 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 19 Participants | 23 Participants | 42 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 48 | 0 / 43 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 48 | 0 / 43 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 48 | 0 / 43 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With MI Skillfulness
MI skillfulness measured by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Scale (MITI) on double coded audio recorded sessions and clinical interviews. The cumulative number of participants with MI Skillfulness at each time point assessed at 1, 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks are reported.
Time frame: 1,8,16, 24 and 32 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Live Teleconference Supervision | Number of Participants With MI Skillfulness | 48 Participants |
| Taped Review Supervision | Number of Participants With MI Skillfulness | 43 Participants |