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Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell Study

A Prospective, Post-market, Multi-center Study of the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell

Status
Terminated
Phases
NA
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT01063751
Enrollment
275
Registered
2010-02-05
Start date
2011-07-31
Completion date
2023-12-30
Last updated
2025-04-16

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip

Keywords

Osteoarthritis, Traumatic arthritis, Avascular Necrosis

Brief summary

This study will be a prospective, non-randomized evaluation of the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell for primary total hip replacement (THR) with a cementless application in a consecutive series of patients who meet the eligibility criteria. Half of the cases will use the Trident® X3® polyethylene insert alone as the bearing surface; the other half will use the modular dual mobility (MDM™) liner coupled with a compatible anatomic dual mobility (ADM™)/MDM™ X3® insert as the bearing surface. The success rate, defined as freedom from acetabular revision for any reason, for hips implanted with the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell, is no worse than for hips implanted with similar technology as reported in the literature and Trident® X3® Study historical control at 5 years postoperative.

Detailed description

The Tritanium® Acetabular Shell, cleared for use under FDA 510(k) K081171, is a hemispherical acetabular shell with a 3D surface for biological fixation, fabricated from Commercially Pure Titanium (CPTi). The shell is built upon the design features and clinical history of the existing Trident® Tritanium®, Trident® AD, and Trident® hemispherical acetabular (HA) shells. The device is designed with a roughened surface and high coefficient of friction to resist micromotion and promote initial fixation. The Tritanium® Acetabular Shell, intended for use in a cementless application, is available in sizes from 44 millimeter (mm) through 66 mm and is compatible with Trident® polyethylene insert and acetabular screws. This advanced technology is designed to address the need for improved initial and biological fixation. Data in support of these marketing claims will be collected in the Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell Study. A prospective, post-market, multi-center design will be employed. Radiographs will be assessed by an independent reviewer. Cases will be enrolled at 7 to 12 centers. The enrollment goal ranges from 20 to 34 cases implanted with the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell per center. The enrollment goal range is dependent upon the number of participating centers as well as the relative rates of enrollment of the two treatment groups. Although a range is presented, there is no maximum limit to the number of cases that a center may enroll. In the event that a center far exceeds the overall enrollment goal or enrollment into one of the treatment groups is completed, Stryker may ask the center to cease enrollment so as not to skew the data. All participating centers will comply with the federal regulations regarding patient informed consent and Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Non-compliance of a study center may result in termination of the center's participation in the study.

Interventions

DEVICETritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell

Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell in total hip replacement.

Sponsors

Stryker Orthopaedics
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* A. Patient has signed an IRB approved, study specific Informed Patient Consent Form. * B. Patient is a male or non-pregnant female age 18 years or older at time of study device implantation. * C. Patient has primary diagnosis of Non-Inflammatory Degenerative Joint Disease (NIDJD). * D. Patient is a candidate for a primary cementless total hip replacement. * E. Patient is willing and able to comply with postoperative scheduled clinical and radiographic evaluations and rehabilitation.

Exclusion criteria

* F. Patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40. * G. Patient has an active or suspected latent infection in or about the affected hip joint at time of study device implantation. * H. Patient has a neuromuscular or neurosensory deficiency, which limits the ability to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the device. * I. Patient is diagnosed with a systemic disease (e.g. Lupus Erythematosus) or a metabolic disorder (e.g. Paget's Disease) leading to progressive bone deterioration. * J. Patient is immunologically suppressed or receiving steroids in excess of normal physiological requirements (e.g. \> 30 days). * K. Patient requires revision surgery of a previously implanted total hip replacement or hip fusion to the affected joint. * L. Patient has a known sensitivity to device materials. * M. Patient is a prisoner.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Absence of Acetabular Revision5 yearsTo evaluate the success rate of cementless primary total hip replacement (THR) in hips implanted with the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell, as compared to the published results of similar acetabular components. Success will be defined as absence of acetabular shell revision for any reason at 5 years postoperative. It is expected that the survivorship of the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell group will be non-inferior to the survivorship reported in the literature for similar competitive devices.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Harris Hip Score1, 3, and 5 yearsThe Harris Hip Score (HHS) assesses pain, function, joint deformity and range of motion. Scores can range from 0 to 100 with 0 being the worst and 100 being the best score. A score of 80-100 is considered good-excellent and a score of less than or equal to 79 is considered fair-poor. 90-100 = excellent 80-89 = good 70-79 = fair 0-69 = poor
Short Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores1, 3, and 5 yearsThe SF-12 Health Survey is a 12-item patient completed questionnaire to measure general health and well-being. It includes a physical and mental status component score; each ranging from 0-100. Low values represent a poor health state and high values represent a good health state.
Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) Score1, 3, and 5 yearsThe LEAS is completed by the participant to assess activity level. Activity levels were ordered in terms of intensity from 1 to 18, with 18 indicating the highest activity level.
Rates of Screw Fixation Usage in the Tritanium® Acetabular ShellIntraoperativeUsage of bone screw fixation will be recorded and compared between the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell group and the Trident® Hemispherical Acetabular (HA) Shell group (Trident® X3® Polyethylene Insert Study).
Follow-Up Questionnaire6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 yearsThe Follow-up Questionnaire is a short patient questionnaire intended to provide information on patient satisfaction, pain, and whether or not there have been any revisions or removals since the last follow-up visit. It consists of three questions: * Patient satisfaction with the hip replacement * Presence of any pain in the study hip * Any surgeries performed on the study hip
Acetabular Shell Radiographic Stability6 weeks, 1, 3, 5 yearsNumerous parameters will be reviewed by zone, including radiolucency and migration. All data will be evaluated in order to classify each case as stable or unstable.
EuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)1,2,3,4, and 5 yearsThe EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) is a subject-completed questionnaire designed to assess subject health state values. The EQ-5D consists of 2 areas: the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) and EQ-5D descriptive system. The EQ VAS collects health state values using a 20 cm visual analogue scale with the endpoints labeled best imaginable health state at the top and worst imaginable health state at the bottom, having numeric values of 100 to 0 respectively. The EQ-5D Time Trade-off (TTO) descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/comfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels: no problems, some problems and extreme problems, where an overall score of 1 represents full health. The index values on a scale between -1 (low) and 1 (high) are showing the average health status. A low score shows worse health, and a high score shows better health.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Pre-assignment details

275 participants/284 hip cases were enrolled. There were 266 unilateral hip cases and 9 bilateral hips cases.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell: Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell in total hip replacement.
234
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell: Tritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell in total hip replacement.
241
Total475

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000
Overall StudyCases terminated due to investigator leaving the site and site closure.35
Overall StudyCensored from analyses42
Overall StudyDeath13
Overall StudyInvestigator site closed10
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up30
Overall StudyPhysician Decision4
Overall StudyRevision6
Overall StudySponsored Terminated Study60
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject34

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicTritanium® Primary Acetabular Shell
Age, Continuous62.60 years
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
207 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
241 Cases
Sex: Female, Male
Female
100 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
134 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 24113 / 234
other
Total, other adverse events
61 / 2410 / 234
serious
Total, serious adverse events
16 / 24156 / 234

Outcome results

Primary

Absence of Acetabular Revision

To evaluate the success rate of cementless primary total hip replacement (THR) in hips implanted with the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell, as compared to the published results of similar acetabular components. Success will be defined as absence of acetabular shell revision for any reason at 5 years postoperative. It is expected that the survivorship of the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell group will be non-inferior to the survivorship reported in the literature for similar competitive devices.

Time frame: 5 years

ArmMeasureValue (COUNT_OF_UNITS)
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAbsence of Acetabular Revision6 hips
Secondary

Acetabular Shell Radiographic Stability

Numerous parameters will be reviewed by zone, including radiolucency and migration. All data will be evaluated in order to classify each case as stable or unstable.

Time frame: 6 weeks, 1, 3, 5 years

Population: Frequency of the acetabular shell stability.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_UNITS)
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability6- Weeks Postoperative: Stable227 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability6- Weeks Postoperative: Fibrous Stable0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability6- Weeks Postoperative: Unstable0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability1-Year Postoperative: Stable192 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability1-Year Postoperative: Fibrous Stable2 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability1-Year Postoperative: Unstable0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability3-Years Postoperative: Stable130 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability3-Years Postoperative: Fibrous Stable4 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability3-Years Postoperative: Unstable0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability5-Years Postoperative: Stable85 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability5-Years Postoperative: Fibrous Stable3 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellAcetabular Shell Radiographic Stability5-Years Postoperative: Unstable3 Hips
Secondary

EuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)

The EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) is a subject-completed questionnaire designed to assess subject health state values. The EQ-5D consists of 2 areas: the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) and EQ-5D descriptive system. The EQ VAS collects health state values using a 20 cm visual analogue scale with the endpoints labeled best imaginable health state at the top and worst imaginable health state at the bottom, having numeric values of 100 to 0 respectively. The EQ-5D Time Trade-off (TTO) descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/comfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels: no problems, some problems and extreme problems, where an overall score of 1 represents full health. The index values on a scale between -1 (low) and 1 (high) are showing the average health status. A low score shows worse health, and a high score shows better health.

Time frame: 1,2,3,4, and 5 years

Population: A calculable case is one where all data points are present to calculate the stated score.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)1-Year EQ5D Health State Over Time79.87 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 17.32
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)1-Year EQ5D TTO Valuation Over Time.87 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.16
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)2-Year EQ5D Health State Over Time79.87 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 17.01
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)2-Year EQ5D TTO Valuation Over Time.84 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.18
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)3-Year EQ5D Health State Over Time82.75 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.62
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)3-Year EQ5D TTO Valuation Over Time.88 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.15
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)4-Year EQ5D Health State Over Time80.8 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 15.55
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)4-Year EQ5D TTO Valuation Over Time.86 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.14
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)5-Year EQ5D Health State Over Time80.95 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.78
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellEuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D)5-Year EQ5D TTO Valuation Over Time.86 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.15
Secondary

Follow-Up Questionnaire

The Follow-up Questionnaire is a short patient questionnaire intended to provide information on patient satisfaction, pain, and whether or not there have been any revisions or removals since the last follow-up visit. It consists of three questions: * Patient satisfaction with the hip replacement * Presence of any pain in the study hip * Any surgeries performed on the study hip

Time frame: 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 years

Population: Not all participants completed the Follow-Up Questionnaire at the respective timepoints.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_UNITS)
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - YES25 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - NO74 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - YES96 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - NO3 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - YES1 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire6-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - NO98 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - YES25 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - NO64 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - YES86 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - NO3 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - YES0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire7-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - NO89 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - YES14 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - NO50 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - YES61 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - NO3 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - YES0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire8-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - NO64 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - YES8 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - NO31 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - YES38 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - NO1 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - YES0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire9-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - NO39 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - YES6 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_ Follow-up Questionnaire _Q1: Pain in Study Hip? - NO37 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - YES41 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q2: Satisfied with Results of Hip Replacement? - NO2 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - YES0 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellFollow-Up Questionnaire10-Year_Follow-up Questionnaire_Q3: Surgery on Study Hip Since Last Study visit? - NO43 Hips
Secondary

Harris Hip Score

The Harris Hip Score (HHS) assesses pain, function, joint deformity and range of motion. Scores can range from 0 to 100 with 0 being the worst and 100 being the best score. A score of 80-100 is considered good-excellent and a score of less than or equal to 79 is considered fair-poor. 90-100 = excellent 80-89 = good 70-79 = fair 0-69 = poor

Time frame: 1, 3, and 5 years

Population: A calculable HHS score is a case where all data points are present to calculate the stated score.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellHarris Hip Score1-Year Harris Hip Score90.01 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.6
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellHarris Hip Score3-Year Harris Hip Score90.99 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.64
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellHarris Hip Score5-Year Harris Hip Score90.7 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 14.37
Secondary

Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) Score

The LEAS is completed by the participant to assess activity level. Activity levels were ordered in terms of intensity from 1 to 18, with 18 indicating the highest activity level.

Time frame: 1, 3, and 5 years

Population: An evaluable case is one where all data points are present to calculate the stated score.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellLower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) Score1-Year LEAS10.74 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 3.06
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellLower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) Score3-Year LEAS11.61 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 3.11
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellLower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) Score5-Year LEAS11.11 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 3.41
Secondary

Rates of Screw Fixation Usage in the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell

Usage of bone screw fixation will be recorded and compared between the Tritanium® Acetabular Shell group and the Trident® Hemispherical Acetabular (HA) Shell group (Trident® X3® Polyethylene Insert Study).

Time frame: Intraoperative

Population: Bone screws used.

ArmMeasureCategoryValue (COUNT_OF_UNITS)
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellRates of Screw Fixation Usage in the Tritanium® Acetabular ShellYes178 Hips
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellRates of Screw Fixation Usage in the Tritanium® Acetabular ShellNo63 Hips
Secondary

Short Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores

The SF-12 Health Survey is a 12-item patient completed questionnaire to measure general health and well-being. It includes a physical and mental status component score; each ranging from 0-100. Low values represent a poor health state and high values represent a good health state.

Time frame: 1, 3, and 5 years

Population: An evaluable case is one where all data points are present to calculate the stated score.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores5-Year Mental Component Score55.34 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 7.78
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores1-Year Physical Component Score46.77 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10.45
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores1-Year Mental Component Score55.26 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.95
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores3-Year Physical Component Score46.62 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10.48
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores3-Year Mental Component Score55.63 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.51
Tritanium® Primary Acetabular ShellShort Form- 12 (SF-12) Heath Survey Scores5-Year Physical Component Score46.68 Score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10.38

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026