Cyclophosphamide, Carfilzomib, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Active Multiple Myeloma

A Phase I/II Trial of Cyclophosphamide, Carfilzomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone (CYCLONE) in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Active Multiple Myeloma

Status

Completed

Phases

Phase 1Phase 2

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01057225

Enrollment

Registered

2010-01-27

Start date

2010-03-31

Completion date

2017-09-05

Last updated

2017-12-12

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Multiple Myeloma, Stage III Multiple Myeloma, Stage II Multiple Myeloma, Stage I Multiple Myeloma

Brief summary

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Carfilzomib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Thalidomide may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Giving combination chemotherapy together with carfilzomib and thalidomide may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of carfilzomib when given together with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in treating patients with newly diagnosed active multiple myeloma.

Detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To establish the maximum tolerated dose of carfilzomib given in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and thalidomide and dexamethasone. (Phase I) II. In newly diagnosed myeloma to evaluate the response rate (CR, nCR, and VGPR) to carfilzomib given in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and thalidomide and dexamethasone after four 28 day cycles. (Phase II) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the overall response rate (CR, nCR, PR) after 4, 8, 12 cycles. II. Determine the duration of progression-free and overall survival for patients receiving this regimen. III. To evaluate the incidence of toxicities for this regimen. IV. To evaluate the ability to successfully collect peripheral blood stem cells following four months of combination therapy. OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose escalation study of carfilzomib followed by a phase II study. Patients receive carfilzomib IV on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16; oral cyclophosphamide on days 1, 8, and 15; oral dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; and oral thalidomide on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed at 3 months, then every 3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months for up to 3 years.

Interventions

DRUGcarfilzomib

Given IV

DRUGcyclophosphamide

Given orally

DRUGthalidomide

Given orally

DRUGdexamethasone

Given orally

Study design

Allocation

Intervention model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to No maximum

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion * Creatinine =\< 2 mg/dL * Calculated Creatinine Clearance \>= 30 mL/min * Total Bilirubin =\< 2.0 mg/dL * Alkaline Phosphatase =\< 3 x ULN * ALT =\< 3 x ULN * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1000/uL * Platelet \>= 75000/uL * Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL * Untreated symptomatic myeloma: Prior non-systemic therapy for the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma is permitted, but \>= 1 month should have elapsed from the last day of radiation; prior therapy with clarithromycin, DHEA, anakinra, pamidronate or zoledronic acid is permitted; any additional agents not listed must be approved by the Principal Investigator * Prior high dose corticosteroid therapy for twelve days (480 mg total dose) or less is permitted for emergent complications from newly diagnosed multiple myeloma * Measurable disease of multiple myeloma, as defined by at least ONE of the following: * Serum monoclonal protein \>= 1.0 g by protein electrophoresis * OR \> 200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis * OR serum immunoglobulin free light chain \>= 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio; OR monoclonal bone marrow plasmacytosis \>= 30% (evaluable disease) * ECOG performance status (PS) 0, 1, 2; ECOG PS of 3 will be allowed if secondary to pain in the opinion of the Investigator * Willingness and able to provide informed written consent * Negative serum pregnancy test done =\< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only * Willingness to return to Mayo Clinic enrolling institution for follow-up Exclusion * MGUS or smoldering myeloma * Peripheral sensory neuropathy \>= Grade 2 as defined by CTEP Active Version of the CTCAE * Active malignancy with the exception of non melanoma skin cancer or in situ cervical or breast cancer * Pregnant women or women of reproductive ability who are unwilling to use effective contraception * Nursing women * Men who are unwilling to use a condom (even if they have undergone a prior vasectomy) while having intercourse with any woman, while taking the drug and for 4 weeks after stopping treatment * Known hypersensitivity, allergy or inability to tolerate any of the agents employed * Active, uncontrolled infection * Severe cardiac comorbidity * New York Heart Association Class III or IV Heart Failure * Recent history of myocardial infarction in the six months prior to registration * Uncontrolled angina or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia * Severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias or electrocardiographic evidence of active conduction system abnormalities * Cardiac amyloidosis with hypotension (systolic BP less than 100 mmHg) * Other concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational; NOTE: Bisphosphonates are considered to be supportive care rather than therapy, and are thus allowed while on protocol treatment * The following medications are not permitted during the trial: any other investigational treatment; any cytotoxic chemotherapy; any other systemic anti-neoplastic therapy including, but not limited to, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, or monoclonal antibody therapy * Palliative radiation therapy is permitted if clinically indicated and not indicative of progressive disease

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)	From baseline to end of active treatment, up to 12 28-day cycles.	To establish the maximum tolerated dose of carfilzomib given in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and thalidomide and dexamethasone. For this protocol, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) will be defined as an adverse event attributed (definitely, probably, possibly) in the first or second cycle for patients enrolled to Dose Levels -1 and 0 and in the first cycle only for patients enrolled to Dose Levels 1 and 2. We are reporting the number of DLTs
Percentage of Patients Who Have at Least a Confirmed Very Good Partial Response (Phase II)	Following the first 4 cycles of treatment (28 day cycles)	The proportion of patients who have at least a confirmed very good partial response will be calculated by taking the number of patients with a very good partial response or a complete response divided by the total number of patients. A complete response is defined as: * Negative immunofixation of the serum and urine * If at on study, only the measurable non-bone marrow parameter was FLC, normalization of FLC ratio * \< 5% plasma cells in bone marrow * Disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas A very good partial response is defined as: * Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or * If at on study, serum measurable, ≥ 90% or greater reduction in serum Mcomponent * Urine M-component \<100 mg per 24 hour

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Progression-free Survival (Phase II)	From baseline to progression or death up to 3 years	PFS was defined as the time from registration to progression or death due to any cause. Progression was defined as any one or more of the following: • Increase of 25% from lowest confirmed response in: Serum M-component (absolute increase must be ≥ 0.5 g/dl)c Urine M-component (absolute increase must be ≥ 200 mg/24 hour) If at on study, only the measurable non-bone marrow parameter was FLC, the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels (absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dl) Bone marrow plasma cell percentage (absolute % must be 10%)d Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas • Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dl) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder
Time to Treatment Failure	From baseline to end of active treatment	The time from the date of registration to the date at which the patient is removed from treatment due to progression, adverse events, or refusal. If the patient is considered to be a major treatment violation or is taken off study as a non-protocol failure, the patient will be censored on the date they were removed from treatment. The distribution of time to treatment failure will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier
Stem Cell Collection and Engraftment (Phase II)	Following the first 4 courses of treatment	For patients going on to stem cell collection, the total number of CD34 positive cells collected per collection, days to platelets over 20,000 without transfusion and ANC over 1000 will be recorded. If a patient fails to collect adequate stem cells for transplant, this will be recorded as such. The number of patients with successful stem cell mobilization are reported.
Complete Response (Phase II)	Following the first 4 courses of treatment	In patients continuing beyond 4 cycles the ability to induce complete response will be evaluated at completion of planned therapy.
Survival Time (Phase II)	From baseline to death	Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier
Progression Free Survival (12 Month)	12 months	Progression-free survival time is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression 1 day post-registration. This is reported as the percentage of patients alive and progression free at the 12 month mark.
Progession Free Survival (24 Month)	24 months	Progression-free survival time is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression 1 day post-registration. This is reported as the percentage of patients alive and progression free at the 24 month mark.
Overall Survival (12 Month)	From baseline to death	12 Month Overall survival is defined as the proportion of patients to still be alive after 12 months.
Overall Survival (24 Month)	From baseline to death	24 Month Overall survival is defined as the proportion of patients to still be alive after 24 months.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
All Treated Patients Patients receive carfilzomib IV on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16; oral cyclophosphamide on days 1, 8, and 15; oral dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; and oral thalidomide on days 1-28.	64
Total	64

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	All Treated Patients
Age, Continuous	62.5 years
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	54 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	64 participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	30 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	34 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	— / —
other Total, other adverse events	64 / 64
serious Total, serious adverse events	30 / 64

Outcome results

Primary

Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)

To establish the maximum tolerated dose of carfilzomib given in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and thalidomide and dexamethasone. For this protocol, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) will be defined as an adverse event attributed (definitely, probably, possibly) in the first or second cycle for patients enrolled to Dose Levels -1 and 0 and in the first cycle only for patients enrolled to Dose Levels 1 and 2. We are reporting the number of DLTs

Time frame: From baseline to end of active treatment, up to 12 28-day cycles.

Population: All patients registered to a dose escalation Phase I group were analyzed for this endpoint.

Arm	Measure	Value (NUMBER)
Phase I: Dose Level -1	Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)	0 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 0	Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)	0 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 1	Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)	0 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 2	Maximum Tolerated Dose (Phase I)	3 participants

Primary

Percentage of Patients Who Have at Least a Confirmed Very Good Partial Response (Phase II)

The proportion of patients who have at least a confirmed very good partial response will be calculated by taking the number of patients with a very good partial response or a complete response divided by the total number of patients. A complete response is defined as: * Negative immunofixation of the serum and urine * If at on study, only the measurable non-bone marrow parameter was FLC, normalization of FLC ratio * \< 5% plasma cells in bone marrow * Disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas A very good partial response is defined as: * Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or * If at on study, serum measurable, ≥ 90% or greater reduction in serum Mcomponent * Urine M-component \<100 mg per 24 hour

Time frame: Following the first 4 cycles of treatment (28 day cycles)

Population: All enrolled patients who began treatment were evaluated for safety and response.

Arm	Measure	Value (NUMBER)
Phase I: Dose Level -1	Percentage of Patients Who Have at Least a Confirmed Very Good Partial Response (Phase II)	91 percentage of participants

Secondary

Complete Response (Phase II)

In patients continuing beyond 4 cycles the ability to induce complete response will be evaluated at completion of planned therapy.

Time frame: Following the first 4 courses of treatment

Arm	Measure	Value (NUMBER)
Phase I: Dose Level -1	Complete Response (Phase II)	0 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 0	Complete Response (Phase II)	2 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 1	Complete Response (Phase II)	3 participants
Phase I: Dose Level 2	Complete Response (Phase II)	0 participants

Secondary

Overall Survival (12 Month)

12 Month Overall survival is defined as the proportion of patients to still be alive after 12 months.

Time frame: From baseline to death