Suicidality, Traumatic Brain Injury
Conditions
Keywords
Traumatic Brain Injury, Suicide, Executive Function
Brief summary
Those with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk for suicidal behavior, and suicidality is associated with executive dysfunction. In the aim of highlighting an important risk factor, this study will assess decision making in the context of an interaction between suicide and TBI. Findings will also allow for exploratory analyses aimed at identifying associations between performance on measures of executive functioning and psychological distress. The long-term objective of this study is to increase understanding regarding executive dysfunction, as a multidimensional construct, with the ultimate goal of conceptualizing assessment tools and interventions aimed at decreasing suicidality in the at-risk population of veterans with a history of TBI.
Detailed description
Recent studies indicate that veterans who engage in suicidal behavior have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and veterans with a history of TBI engage in suicidal behavior. Existing research also suggests an association between suicidality and executive dysfunction (e.g., impaired decision making). To date a clearly defined study has not been conducted to explore the relationship between executive dysfunction as a multidimensional construct (i.e., decision making, impulsivity, concept formation, and aggression) and suicidal behavior in the vulnerable population of those with a history of moderate to severe TBI. Increased understanding regarding this at-risk population is necessary to facilitate the creation of appropriate assessment strategies and interventions. This study will assess decision making in the context of an interaction between suicide and TBI. Findings will also allow for exploratory analyses aimed at identifying associations between performance on measures of executive functioning and psychological distress. Toward this end, the present study seeks to compare test performance among four well-defined groups of veterans: (1) those with moderate to severe TBI and a history of suicidal behavior; (2) those with moderate to severe TBI and no history of suicidal behavior; (3) those with no TBI and a history of suicidal behavior; (4) and those with no TBI and no history of suicidal behavior. This grant proposal is in direct support of the Rehabilitation Research and Development goal of maximizing functional recovery in those with TBI by potentially: 1) increasing clinicians' ability to identify neuropsychological correlates of suicidal behavior for those with moderate to severe TBI; 2) identifying psychometrically sound measures of executive functioning that correspond to real-life behaviors that impact treatment response and recovery; 3) facilitating the creation of innovative assessment techniques and psychosocial interventions (e.g., safety planning) to minimize complications in the management of suicidal behavior due to TBI-related impairments; and 4) creating a basis for further and much-needed research in this area. Ultimately, findings from this study would both contribute to clinicians' ability to identify veterans with TBI who are at risk for suicidal behavior, and create a foundation on which to base further research regarding the relationships between cognition, emotional distress, and suicidality in TBI survivors.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
US Department of Veterans Affairs
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age between 18 and 65 * Ability to provide adequate effort (CARB score of Type 1 or 2) * Determination of positive or negative history of moderate or severe TBI * Determination of positive or negative history of suicidal behavior * Ability to adequately respond to questions regarding the informed consent procedure
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of neurological conditions other than moderate or severe TBI * Inability to adequately respond to questions regarding the informed consent procedure * Inability to provide adequate effort (CARB score of Type 3 or 4) * History of a psychotic or bipolar I mood disorder * History of drug or alcohol abuse in the past 7 days * Participating in another study in which the results of this study may be impacted * History of non-alcohol substance abuse within the last 30 days as identified on the SCID substance use module * History of same-day drug or alcohol abuse as identified on the UWRAP pre-administration questionnaire Veterans who report using substances the day of the study visit will be placed on hold and will be rescreened in 30 and 60 days * History of mild TBI only
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Iowa Gambling Test | One time - for the vast majority of participants the research protocol was initiated directly after informed consent procedures were completed (within hours). Negative values are possible with this measure, see Outcome Description. | Iowa Gambling Test - Total Raw Score The Iowa Gambling task requires examinees to sit in front of a computer screen displaying four decks of cards (Decks A, B, C, and D) and select a card from any of the four decks. Decks A and B are the disadvantageous decks because they produce high immediate gains however over time examinees will experience a higher loss. Decks C and D are the advantageous decks because they produce lower gains but over time examinees will experience smaller losses. Examinees will make 100 choices (trials). To measure performance, the 100 trials are divided, in order, into 5 'blocks' of 20. A net score is calculated for each block as the number of cards selected from the advantageous decks minus the disadvantageous decks and the total raw score is the sum of the scores for blocks 1-5. The overall total score can range from -100 (worst outcome) to 100 (best outcome)and the score for each block can range from -20 to 20 |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Moderate/Severe TBI and History of Suicidal Behavior Group 1 Moderate/severe TBI and history of suicidal behavior | 22 |
| Moderate/Severe TBI and no History of Suicidal behaviorGroup 2 Moderate/Severe TBI and no history of suicidal behavior | 51 |
| No TBI and a History of Suicidal Behavior Group 3 No TBI and a history of suicidal behavior | 12 |
| No TBI and no History of Suicidal Behavior Group 4 No TBI and no history of suicidal behavior | 48 |
| Total | 133 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Moderate/Severe TBI and History of Suicidal Behavior Group 1 | Moderate/Severe TBI and no History of Suicidal behaviorGroup 2 | No TBI and a History of Suicidal Behavior Group 3 | No TBI and no History of Suicidal Behavior Group 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 22 Participants | 51 Participants | 12 Participants | 48 Participants | 133 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 49.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 | 53 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 51.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 | 54.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 | 52.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 |
| History of TBI (Present or Absent) - Lifetime OSU TBI-ID | 22 participants | 51 participants | 0 participants | 0 participants | 73 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 22 participants | 51 participants | 12 participants | 48 participants | 133 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 8 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 19 Participants | 51 Participants | 8 Participants | 40 Participants | 118 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 133 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 133 |
Outcome results
Primary
Iowa Gambling Test
Iowa Gambling Test - Total Raw Score The Iowa Gambling task requires examinees to sit in front of a computer screen displaying four decks of cards (Decks A, B, C, and D) and select a card from any of the four decks. Decks A and B are the disadvantageous decks because they produce high immediate gains however over time examinees will experience a higher loss. Decks C and D are the advantageous decks because they produce lower gains but over time examinees will experience smaller losses. Examinees will make 100 choices (trials). To measure performance, the 100 trials are divided, in order, into 5 'blocks' of 20. A net score is calculated for each block as the number of cards selected from the advantageous decks minus the disadvantageous decks and the total raw score is the sum of the scores for blocks 1-5. The overall total score can range from -100 (worst outcome) to 100 (best outcome)and the score for each block can range from -20 to 20
Time frame: One time - for the vast majority of participants the research protocol was initiated directly after informed consent procedures were completed (within hours). Negative values are possible with this measure, see Outcome Description.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Iowa Gambling Test | -4.2 Total Raw on a scale from -100 to 100 | Standard Deviation 27.7 |
| Group 2 | Iowa Gambling Test | 1.7 Total Raw on a scale from -100 to 100 | Standard Deviation 26.6 |
| Group 3 | Iowa Gambling Test | 3.5 Total Raw on a scale from -100 to 100 | Standard Deviation 24.5 |
| Group 4 | Iowa Gambling Test | 5.3 Total Raw on a scale from -100 to 100 | Standard Deviation 25.5 |
Comparison: Linear regressions were utilized to model the outcomes of interest as a function of SA, TBI group, and the interaction between the two groups.p-value: >0.05Regression, Linear