Cardiovascular Disease
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a cross-curricular physical activity intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in 11-14 year olds. The null hypothesis states that the intervention will have no effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Detailed description
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease including obesity, blood pressure and blood lipids have been shown to track from childhood through to adulthood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for children (4-18 years) in the UK is reported to be 15 % and 4 % respectively. Furthermore, in comparison to England (2.9 %) obesity is more prevalent for those living in Scotland (7.6 %) and Wales (6.5 %). Previous research from two Welsh secondary schools indicate overweight and obesity rates for boys and girls aged 12-13 to be even greater at 26 % and 38 % respectively. Further to this, 19 % were identified as having elevated total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L). For many, overweight and obesity is the result of the combined effect of excess energy consumption and inadequate physical activity. Previous school-based physical activity interventions have demonstrated modest improvements to cardiovascular disease risk factors by implementing extra-curricular activities or improving current physical education curriculum. Few have attempted to increase physical activity using normally, class-room taught curriculum subjects. This study examines the impact of activity knowledge circuits to combat cardiovascular disease risk factors in 11-14 year old children.
Interventions
OTHERActivity Knowledge Circuits
The activity knowledge circuits were implemented, where in addition to regular physical education (PE) activity was increased by two hours a week over an 18-week period. Participants briskly walked 3200 m twice weekly during curriculum lessons (60 min). Short tasks, in line with current curriculum, were provided by subject teachers for participants to complete at stations set every 400 or 800 m. Crucially participants continued to follow national curriculum whilst exercising. Tasks designed by teachers lasted no longer than 60 seconds at each station. With the exception of PE, each curriculum subject delivered a total of four intervention lessons. Circuits were performed outdoors on school premises, with an indoor course of equal distance used during adverse weather conditions.
Sponsors
Sports Council Wales
University of Wales Institute Cardiff
University of Glamorgan
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
11 Years to 14 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Any pupil attending years 7, 8, and 9 of a secondary comprehensive school in South Wales
Exclusion criteria
* Any pupil with an injury or illness that prevented them from taking part in any form of physical activity.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, blood pressure, blood lipid & lipoprotein) | 6 Months |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Physical activity behaviour and aerobic fitness profile | 6 Months |
| 7 day diet assessment | 6 Months |
| Maturation status | 6 Months |
| Motivation to exercise | 6 Months |
| Psychological well-being, self concept, and cognitive performance | 6 Months |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed