Brittle Nails
Conditions
Brief summary
This purpose of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of Restasis® ophthalmic emulsion versus emulsion alone( Refresh Dry Eye therapy) both for the treatment of brittle nails and for the enhancement of normal nail growth and texture. The investigators think that daily application of Restasis® to nails and nail beds in patients with brittle nails will enhance nail growth and improve nail texture in both affected and unaffected nails.
Detailed description
This is a single center, investigator-blinded (investigator masked), head to head comparison of Restasis® and its vehicle, Refresh® Dry Eye Therapy in 24 patients. Three target fingernails will be identified in each subject. Two of the target nails will be the two nails that have the most severe signs of brittle nail syndrome. The third target nail will be a normal nail or, in the absence of a normal nail, the patient's second-healthiest appearing nail. The patients most normal-appearing nail will be untreated so that growth in the treated nails can be compared to growth in an untreated normal nail, this will be the fourth target nail. Study medication will be applied to target nails (the subjects may also apply to all nails if they wish, except one nail which will be untreated in order to determine the subject's baseline rate of fingernail growth) for 24 weeks. The target nails will be assessed at each visit, every four weeks. There will be a 12-week follow up period after treatment is completed. This 36 week study will be conducted at one center. Adult male and female patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be screened for eligibility. The principal investigator or his/her designee will obtain informed consent from all patients before any protocol specific procedures are performed.
Interventions
DRUGRestasis (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion) 0.05%
cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05%
DRUGRefresh® Dry Eye therapy
Emulsion contains glycerin 1% and polysorbate 80
Sponsors
Allergan
Julian M. Mackay-Wiggan
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* must have IRB approved written informed consent prior to participating in any study related procedures * Must be a male or female patient 18 to 75 years of age * must have a diagnosis of brittle or meet the criteria for a diagnosis of brittle nails at the screening visit based on at least two of the following signs and symptoms of brittle nails in each of the selected nail plates or severe signs (one or more) on each target nail * trachyonychia (surface roughness) * lamellar onychoschizia (horizontal layering/peeling * longitudinal cracking or splitting of the distal edge (raggedness) * must have two fingernails with brittle nail signs and symptoms identified at baseline * must have two normal or near-normal nails on the same hand * female patients of childbearing potential (not surgically sterile or at least 2 years postmenopausal) must have a negative pregnancy at baseline/day 1 and may not be lactating * sexually active female subjects who are not surgically sterile or 2 years post menopausal must agree to use contraception/birth control measure while on study (e.g., oral contraceptive, diaphragms with spermicide, condoms with spermicide, intrauterine devices, Norplant System, Depo-Provera, tubal ligation). Monthly urine pregnancy tests will be administered to women of childbearing potential * must agree to self administer topical study medication, and must agree to complete all study procedures * must be judged to be in good health by medical history and physical examination * must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements, including avoiding the use of nail polish, adhesive nails, and manicures for the duration of the study
Exclusion criteria
* have a history of surgery of the affected fingernails * are chronic nail biters * are pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy prior to study enrollment * have a disturbance of the shape of the affected fingernails (e.g., due to malformation of the underlying bone) that would interfere with the investigator's ability to evaluate photographs or nail changes * have onycholysis (lifting of the nail plate off the nail bed) of the affected fingernails * have signs of a fungal or bacterial infection of the affected fingernails * have a history of psoriasis or lichen planus involving any nail, or active contact dermatitis involving the affected fingernails * have used any topical cosmetics or medicated products on the affected nails within 2 weeks of baseline visit * have received oral antifungal treatment within 3 months of baseline visit * have a known or suspected history of a genetic condition affecting the nails (e.g., Darier's disease, nail-patella syndrome, tuberous sclerosis) * have used any investigational drug within the previous 1 month or 5 half-lives of the investigational agent, whichever is longer, or 3 months for any biologic of unknown half-life * are known or suspected to have had a substance abuse (drug or alcohol) problem within the previous 3 years * is unlikely to comply with the study protocol and prescribed treatment or is unsuitable for any other reason in the opinion of the investigator * chronic liver, heart, kidney, or (untreated) thyroid disease * have current signs or symptoms of severe, progressive, or uncontrolled renal, hepatic, hematologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, pulmonary, cardiac, neurologic, or cerebral disease * currently have any known malignancy or have a history of malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer * have signs of bacterial, fungal or viral skin lesions that may interfere with evaluation of the target nails * known sensitivity to any active or inactive ingredient in Restasis(R) or Refresh(R) Dry Eye Therapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of Target Fingernails #1 and #2 | Baseline, week 24 | Change from baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of target fingernails #1 and #2 as measured at week 24. The PGA is a static evaluation/measure of the severity of brittle nails signs in target fingernails #1 and #2 (the 2 nails with the most severe signs of brittleness). Evaluated sings were the degree of lamellar onychoschizia, ridging, longtitudinal splitting, fragility/breakage and thickness. The PGA was scored on a 6 point scale from 0 to 5, in which 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = mild to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = moderate to severe, 5 = severe. A negative number change from baseline (decrease in grade score) indicates improvement and a positive change (increase in grade score) indicates worsening. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QOL) Related to Nail Disease | Baseline, week 24 | Change from baseline in quality of life as measured at week 24 by the subject satisfaction Questionnaire question: Overall, how satisfied are you with your nails? Responses ranged from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (very unsatisfied). A negative number changed from baseline (decrease in grade score) indicates improvement and a positive change (increase in grade score) indicates worsening. |
| Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks | Week 24 | Growth of the treated and untreated nail the previous 4 weeks. Nail growth was measured in millimeters. |
| Number of Subjects Achieving Improvement in the Physician's Global Improvement Assessment (PGIA) | Week 24 | Number of subjects achieving improvement in the PGIA. The investigator assessed the two target fingernails with a rating of Excellent, Good, Fair, No Improvement or Worse based on the comparison between the nails at the current visit and high-resolution photographs of the nails taken at baseline. An improvement was a score of Excellent/Good/Fair vs. No Improvement/Worse. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
24 patients recruited.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Restasis® Arm Subjects will apply Restasis® to the target nails for 24 weeks. Additionally, there is a 12 week follow up period post the treatment period. | 12 |
| Refresh® Arm Subjects will apply Refresh® Dry Eye therapy to the target nails for 24 weeks. Additionally, there is a 12 week follow up period post the treatment period. | 12 |
| Total | 24 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Restasis® Arm | Refresh® Arm | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 59.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 49.4 | 59.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.69 | 59.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.28 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 10 Participants | 11 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 9 / 12 | 8 / 12 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of Target Fingernails #1 and #2
Change from baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of target fingernails #1 and #2 as measured at week 24. The PGA is a static evaluation/measure of the severity of brittle nails signs in target fingernails #1 and #2 (the 2 nails with the most severe signs of brittleness). Evaluated sings were the degree of lamellar onychoschizia, ridging, longtitudinal splitting, fragility/breakage and thickness. The PGA was scored on a 6 point scale from 0 to 5, in which 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = mild to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = moderate to severe, 5 = severe. A negative number change from baseline (decrease in grade score) indicates improvement and a positive change (increase in grade score) indicates worsening.
Time frame: Baseline, week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Restasis® Arm | Change From Baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of Target Fingernails #1 and #2 | -1.4 scores on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Refresh® Arm | Change From Baseline in the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of Target Fingernails #1 and #2 | -1.4 scores on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QOL) Related to Nail Disease
Change from baseline in quality of life as measured at week 24 by the subject satisfaction Questionnaire question: Overall, how satisfied are you with your nails? Responses ranged from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (very unsatisfied). A negative number changed from baseline (decrease in grade score) indicates improvement and a positive change (increase in grade score) indicates worsening.
Time frame: Baseline, week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Restasis® Arm | Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QOL) Related to Nail Disease | -1.6 scores on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
| Refresh® Arm | Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QOL) Related to Nail Disease | -0.9 scores on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.97 |
Secondary
Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks
Growth of the treated and untreated nail the previous 4 weeks. Nail growth was measured in millimeters.
Time frame: Week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Restasis® Arm | Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks | 3.1 Millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
| Refresh® Arm | Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks | 2.9 Millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.83 |
| Refresh® Dry Eye Treated Nail | Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks | 2.9 Millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 1.15 |
| Refresh® Dry Eye Untreated Nail | Growth of the Treated and Untreated Nail in the Previous 4 Weeks | 2.7 Millimeters (mm) | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
Secondary
Number of Subjects Achieving Improvement in the Physician's Global Improvement Assessment (PGIA)
Number of subjects achieving improvement in the PGIA. The investigator assessed the two target fingernails with a rating of Excellent, Good, Fair, No Improvement or Worse based on the comparison between the nails at the current visit and high-resolution photographs of the nails taken at baseline. An improvement was a score of Excellent/Good/Fair vs. No Improvement/Worse.
Time frame: Week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Restasis® Arm | Number of Subjects Achieving Improvement in the Physician's Global Improvement Assessment (PGIA) | 10 participants |
| Refresh® Arm | Number of Subjects Achieving Improvement in the Physician's Global Improvement Assessment (PGIA) | 9 participants |