Cardiovascular Prevention for Persons With HIV

The Framingham Risk Score is calculated by a published algorithm that predicts a patients risk of having a coronary heart disease event in the next 10 years. The measures that are considering in predicting this risk are: age, blood pressure, cholesterol (both total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), smoking status, and use of medication to treat hypertension. This risk score can be estimated using an online calculator (http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/atpiii/calculator.asp)

Time frame: Change from baseline to 4 months

Population: All participants had Framingham risk score (FRS) estimated at baseline and month 4. The change from baseline to month 4 was calculated as the outcome.

Participants were asked at each visit if they had any side effects to study medication. They provided a yes or no answer, and if yes they specified what the side effect was.

Time frame: 4 months

Population: Number of participants who stated (by self-report) that they had side effects

The number of pills missing from study medication bottles was counted by study nurses at the completion of the study. The proportion of pills taken divided by the number of days the participant was enrolled in the study was calculated, and multiplied by 100, to generate the '% of doses taken'

Time frame: 4 months

Population: Number of participants who took \>90% of their doses (by pill count)were studied. All participants who returned unused medications at end of the study were included for these analyses

This biomarker represents systemic inflammation within in the body.

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: Analysis presents the baseline-to-month4 difference between Lisinopril versus L-placebo groups; n=17 Lisinopril vs. n=17 L-placebo Our hypothesis for this secondary outcome was the 'main effect' for Lisinopril versus placebo would reduce inflammation. There was no interaction, so analyses define Lisinopril and L-placebo groups as for outcome #4

This biomarker represents systemic inflammation within in the body.

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: Analysis presents the baseline-to-month4 difference between Lisinopril versus L-placebo groups; n=17 Lisinopril vs. n=17 L-placebo Our hypothesis for this secondary outcome was the 'main effect' for Lisinopril versus placebo would reduce inflammation. There was no interaction, so analyses define Lisinopril and L-placebo groups as for outcome #4

Blood lipids include routine cholesterol measurements that are monitored in clinical practice. They are measured in blood after a blood draw is performed. The specific measurements include: a) total cholesterol, b) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and d) triglycerides

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: n = 18 Pravastatin vs. n = 16 P-placebo The outcome is analyzed as the 'main effect' for pravastatin versus placebo, as standard for factorial study designs. Since pravastatin, but not lisinopril, influences cholesterol, the analysis defines Pravastatin and P-placebo groups by pooling across lisinopril groups (i.e., L-placebo + Lisinopril group).

Blood pressure was assessed by standard clinical methods (i.e., the same way it is measured during a routine clinic visit)

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: n=17 Lisinopril vs. n=17 L-placebo The outcome is analyzed as the 'main effect' for lisinopril versus placebo, as standard for factorial study designs. Since lisinopril, but not pravastatin, influences blood pressure, the analysis defines Lisinopril and L-placebo groups by pooling across pravastatin groups (i.e., P-placebo + Pravastatin groups).

Small artery elasticity is a measure of vascular function, estimated through analysis of the blood pressure waveform. A sensor is placed on wrist over the radial pulse. The blood pressure waveform of the pulse is recorded and analyzed the elasticity, or compliance, of the small (and large) vasculature. Impaired artery elasticity, or increased stiffness, is an early sign of vascular disease that predicts risk for future cardiovascular events.

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: Analysis presents the baseline-to-month4 difference between Lisinopril versus L-placebo groups; n=17 Lisinopril vs. n=17 L-placebo Our hypothesis for this secondary outcome was the 'main effect' for Lisinopril versus placebo would reduce inflammation. There was no interaction, so analyses define Lisinopril and L-placebo groups as for outcome #4

This biomarker represents systemic inflammation within in the body.

Time frame: change from baseline to 4 months

Population: Analysis presents the baseline-to-month4 difference between Lisinopril versus L-placebo groups; n=17 Lisinopril vs. n=17 L-placebo Our hypothesis for this secondary outcome was the 'main effect' for Lisinopril versus placebo would reduce inflammation. There was no interaction, so analyses define Lisinopril and L-placebo groups as for outcome #4