HIV Infections
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to compare oxidative stress markers and the immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected and non-HIV subjects during a bout of moderate aerobic exercise followed by resistance exercises
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* HIV Group:without contraindications for exercise training; to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 6 months before enrollment; be classified as low level of physical activity by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and did not use antioxidant supplements. * Control Group:negative result for HIV-1 test and the other criteria described above
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects with previous history of cardiovascular and neurological disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, tobacco using, physical disability and pregnant women were excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Glutathione | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | The total glutathione content in erythrocyte concentrate at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | Antioxidant activity of the Glutathione S-transferase enzyme at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise. |
| Lipid Peroxidation | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used as an index of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise. |
| Catalase Activity | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | Antioxidant activity of the catalase enzyme at three moments: baseline, aerobic and exercise. |
| Neutrophil Count | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | Neutrophil count at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise. |
| Peak Oxygen Uptake | 1 time, before the exercise protocol | Is the maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and utilize oxygen during incremental exercise. |
| T CD4 | 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise). | T CD4 lymphocytes counts at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise. |
Countries
Brazil
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| HIV Group HIV infected persons | 14 |
| Control Group Non HIV-infected persons | 14 |
| Total | 28 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control Group | HIV Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0.0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0.0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 14 Participants | 14 Participants | 28.0 Participants |
| Age Continuous | 36 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 | 39.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 | 37.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.5 |
| Region of Enrollment Brazil | 14 participants | 14 participants | 28.0 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 14.0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 14.0 Participants |
Outcome results
Primary
Total Glutathione
The total glutathione content in erythrocyte concentrate at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Total Glutathione | Baseline | 1,964 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
| HIV Group | Total Glutathione | Aerobic | 1,865 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
| HIV Group | Total Glutathione | Resistance | 1,767 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
| Control Group | Total Glutathione | Baseline | 3,490 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
| Control Group | Total Glutathione | Aerobic | 3,995 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
| Control Group | Total Glutathione | Resistance | 3,206 nmoles glutathione/ ml of sample |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
Secondary
Catalase Activity
Antioxidant activity of the catalase enzyme at three moments: baseline, aerobic and exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Catalase Activity | Baseline | 0.578 units of catalase /mg protein |
| HIV Group | Catalase Activity | Resistance | 0.566 units of catalase /mg protein |
| HIV Group | Catalase Activity | Aerobic | 1.03 units of catalase /mg protein |
| Control Group | Catalase Activity | Resistance | 1.009 units of catalase /mg protein |
| Control Group | Catalase Activity | Baseline | 0.967 units of catalase /mg protein |
| Control Group | Catalase Activity | Aerobic | 0.855 units of catalase /mg protein |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
Secondary
Glutathione S-transferase (GST)
Antioxidant activity of the Glutathione S-transferase enzyme at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Baseline | 0.34 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
| HIV Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Aerobic | 0.34 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
| HIV Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Resistance | 0.45 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
| Control Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Baseline | 0.5 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
| Control Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Aerobic | 0.36 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
| Control Group | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Resistance | 0.46 micromol of GST/min/mg of protein |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
Secondary
Lipid Peroxidation
Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used as an index of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Aerobic | 2.328 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
| HIV Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Resistance | 2.348 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
| HIV Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Baseline | 2.356 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
| Control Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Baseline | 2.888 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
| Control Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Resistance | 3.205 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
| Control Group | Lipid Peroxidation | Aerobic | 4.164 picomol of TBARS/mg protein |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
Secondary
Neutrophil Count
Neutrophil count at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Neutrophil Count | Aerobic | 3,285 Cell/ul of blood |
| HIV Group | Neutrophil Count | Baseline | 3,237 Cell/ul of blood |
| HIV Group | Neutrophil Count | Resistance | 3,511 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | Neutrophil Count | Baseline | 3,212 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | Neutrophil Count | Aerobic | 3,476 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | Neutrophil Count | Resistance | 3,563 Cell/ul of blood |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
Secondary
Peak Oxygen Uptake
Is the maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and utilize oxygen during incremental exercise.
Time frame: 1 time, before the exercise protocol
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | Peak Oxygen Uptake | 1,673 ml/min | Standard Deviation 349 |
| Control Group | Peak Oxygen Uptake | 2,167 ml/min | Standard Deviation 597 |
p-value: <0.05t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
T CD4
T CD4 lymphocytes counts at three moments: baseline, aerobic and resistance exercise.
Time frame: 3 times - baseline (before the peak oxygen uptake test), aerobic (immediately after aerobic exercise) and resistance (immediately after resistance exercise).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Group | T CD4 | Aerobic | 428 Cell/ul of blood |
| HIV Group | T CD4 | Resistance | 378 Cell/ul of blood |
| HIV Group | T CD4 | Baseline | 417 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | T CD4 | Aerobic | 968 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | T CD4 | Baseline | 984 Cell/ul of blood |
| Control Group | T CD4 | Resistance | 974 Cell/ul of blood |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test
p-value: <0.05Friedman Test