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Study of Cabozantinib (XL184) in Adults With Advanced Malignancies

A Randomized Discontinuation Study of XL184 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT00940225
Enrollment
730
Registered
2009-07-15
Start date
2009-09-30
Completion date
2014-06-30
Last updated
2024-04-25

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Cancer, Solid Tumors

Keywords

Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC), Melanoma, Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction Carcinoma (GEJ), Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Prostate Cancer

Brief summary

This is a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib (XL184) in subjects with selected advanced tumor types.

Detailed description

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn about the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cabozantinib against a placebo in subjects with Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC), Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (GEJ), Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Melanoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Ovarian (primary peritoneal or fallopian tube carcinoma), Pancreatic Cancer, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC), or Small cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with advanced tumors. The main questions this study aimed to answer were: * What is the efficacy of cabozantinib in subjects with advanced solid tumors? * What is the safety and efficacy of cabozantinib at two starting dose levels 100 milligrams (mg) once daily (po QD) and 39.4 mg po QD? Please note: that the 39.4 mg, po QD was only used in the Non-Randomized Expansion (NRE) part of the study There were three stages to the Randomized Discontinuation Trial (RDT): 1. The Lead in Stage: This stage enrolled eligible patients with advanced solid tumors who received open-label cabozantinib at 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. 2. The Randomized Stage: Subjects who demonstrated stable disease (SD) at the end of 12 weeks of the Lead-in Stage were randomized to receive cabozantinib or placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no active drug) in a blinded manner. After randomization, when a patient developed progressive disease (PD), study treatments were discontinued and the treatment blind was broken. If the subject was on a placebo, the subject was offered the opportunity to receive cabozantinib. If the subject was already on cabozantinib, the subject entered the Post-Treatment Period where they were followed until death. 3. Open-Label Extension: Subjects who were deemed with partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) at Week 12 of the Lead-In Stage were not randomized but allowed to participate in the Open Label Extension. Patients were given the cabozantinib treatment of 100 mg, po QD. The emerging data supported enrollment in an open-label, Non-Randomized Expansion cohort (NRE). These cohorts targeted patients with prostate and ovarian cancers. For the patients with prostate, they were assigned to either 100 mg, po QD or 39.4 mg, po QD.

Interventions

DRUGCabozantinib
DRUGPlacebo

Sponsors

Exelixis
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* The subject has a cytologically or histologically and radiologically confirmed, advanced, recurrent, or metastatic solid tumor of the nine types listed below: * Pancreatic Cancer * Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) * Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) * Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer * Melanoma * Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) * Ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube carcinoma * Breast cancer that is one of the following subtypes: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/HER2-negative (triple-negative), or inflammatory (regardless of receptor status) disease histology * Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) * Certain requirements for prior therapies may apply * The subject has documented progressive disease at screening * Subjects having any tumor type of other than CRPC must have at least one lesion that is not within a previously irradiated field and is measurable on CT or MRI scan * The subject has recovered to baseline or CTCAE ≤ Grade 1 from toxicities related to prior treatment (some exceptions apply) * The subject is ≥ 18 years old on the day of consent * Tissue samples from archival or fresh tissue, or a tissue block of the subject's tumor * The subject has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * The subject has adequate organ function * The subject is capable of understanding and complying with the protocol requirements and has signed the informed consent document * Sexually active fertile subjects (male and female), and their partners, must agree to use medically accepted methods of contraception during the course of the study and for 3 months after the last dose of the study drug(s) * Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening

Exclusion criteria

* The subject has experienced clinically-significant hematemesis or hemoptysis of \>0.5 teaspoon of red blood, or other signs indicative of pulmonary hemorrhage within 3 months before the first dose of study treatment * The subject has a cavitating pulmonary lesion(s) or a pulmonary lesion abutting or encasing a major blood vessel * Certain restrictions on prior treatments apply * The subject has known symptomatic or uncontrolled brain metastases or epidural disease * The subject has prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test results that are above (1.3x)the laboratory upper limit of normal * The subject requires concomitant treatment, in therapeutic doses, with anticoagulants such as warfarin or Coumadin-related agents, heparin, thrombin or FXa inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents (low-dose aspirin (≤81 mg/day), low-dose warfarin (≤1mg/day, and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are permitted) * The subject has a corrected QT interval(QTcF)\>500 ms at screening * The subject has uncontrolled, significant intercurrent illness * The subject is unable to swallow capsules * The subject is pregnant or breastfeeding * The subject has a previously-identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulation * The subject is unable or unwilling to abide by the study protocol or cooperate fully with the investigator or designee * The subject has had another diagnosis of malignancy requiring systemic treatment within the last two years, unless non-melanoma skin cancer, in-situ carcinoma of the cervix, or superficial bladder cancer

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Objective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort OnlyFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 44 monthsObjective response rate (ORR) per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) version 1.0 per investigator The analysis of ORR in the RDT Cohorts were defined as the proportion of subjects with a best overall response of confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per mRECIST 1.0 during the 12-week Lead-In Stage. In the NRE Ovarian Cohort, mRECIST 1.1 was used. ORR for the NRE CRPC Cohorts was not a primary objective and is therefore not captured in the table below.
Bone Scan Response (BSR) - NRE, CRPCFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 15 monthsThe reduction of bone scan lesion area (BSLA) by \> 30% was used as the quantitative measure of BSR. BSR was a primary outcome measure for only the NRE CRPC Cohorts.
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts OnlyFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 44 monthsProgression Free Survival during the Randomized Stage (Randomized Population)

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Duration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in StageFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 44 monthsDuration of objective response was defined as the time from the tumor assessment that first documented PR or CR that was subsequently confirmed at least 28 days later until the date of documented progression. There were either few or no responders in the Gastric/GEJ, SCLC, and pancreatic cohorts so these cohorts are excluded.
Overall Survival (OS) - NRE Cohorts, CRPC and Ovarian OnlyFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 15 months
Progression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the StudyFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 44 monthsProgression-free survival (PFS) from first dose throughout the study was estimated for all subjects (safety population) using a piecewise method.
Duration of Bone Scan Response - NRE Cohorts, CRPC OnlyFrom initial dose through final study visit up to 15 monthsThe duration of BSR per IRF was calculated for CRPC subjects with an objective response (CR or PR) during the study.

Countries

Belgium, Israel, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
RDT Cohort - CRPC
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
171
RDT Cohort - Melanoma
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
77
RDT Cohort - NSCLC
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
60
RDT Cohort - Pancreatic Cancer
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
20
RDT Cohort - GEJ
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
21
RDT Cohort - HCC
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
41
RDT Cohort - SCLC
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
21
RDT Cohort - Ovarian Cancer
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
70
RDT Cohort - MBC
Eligible subjects with advanced solid tumors received open-label cabozantinib at a starting daily dose of 100 mg (freebase weight).
45
NRE Cohort - CRPC 100 mg
Subjects received a single oral daily dose of cabozantinib at 100 mg.
93
NRE Cohort - CRPC 39.4 mg
subjects received a single oral daily dose of cabozantinib at 39.4 mg.
51
NRE Cohort - Ovarian Cancer 100mg
subjects received a single oral daily dose of cabozantinib at 100 mg.
60
Total730

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicNRE Cohort - CRPC 100 mgRDT Cohort - Ovarian CancerRDT Cohort - MBCRDT Cohort - NSCLCNRE Cohort - Ovarian Cancer 100mgRDT Cohort - GEJRDT Cohort - SCLCRDT Cohort - HCCRDT Cohort - MelanomaNRE Cohort - CRPC 39.4 mgRDT Cohort - Pancreatic CancerRDT Cohort - CRPCTotal
Age, Customized
> 40 - <= 50 years
3 Participants12 Participants7 Participants3 Participants10 Participants3 Participants2 Participants3 Participants6 Participants5 Participants1 Participants4 Participants59 Participants
Age, Customized
<= 40 years
0 Participants4 Participants6 Participants1 Participants1 Participants1 Participants0 Participants4 Participants5 Participants0 Participants1 Participants0 Participants23 Participants
Age, Customized
> 50 - <= 65 years
41 Participants32 Participants26 Participants23 Participants33 Participants9 Participants12 Participants22 Participants28 Participants24 Participants11 Participants60 Participants321 Participants
Age, Customized
> 65 years
49 Participants22 Participants6 Participants33 Participants16 Participants8 Participants7 Participants12 Participants38 Participants22 Participants7 Participants107 Participants327 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants0 Participants1 Participants2 Participants4 Participants1 Participants1 Participants15 Participants2 Participants1 Participants0 Participants12 Participants40 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
4 Participants0 Participants1 Participants6 Participants2 Participants1 Participants1 Participants3 Participants2 Participants2 Participants2 Participants11 Participants35 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
1 Participants3 Participants1 Participants0 Participants1 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants3 Participants9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
1 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants1 Participants1 Participants1 Participants2 Participants0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants1 Participants3 Participants0 Participants0 Participants12 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
85 Participants66 Participants41 Participants51 Participants51 Participants19 Participants18 Participants22 Participants72 Participants45 Participants18 Participants145 Participants633 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
0 Participants70 Participants44 Participants27 Participants60 Participants5 Participants12 Participants10 Participants35 Participants0 Participants7 Participants0 Participants270 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
93 Participants0 Participants1 Participants33 Participants0 Participants16 Participants9 Participants31 Participants42 Participants51 Participants13 Participants171 Participants460 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
EG003
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
54 / 52653 / 9313 / 5133 / 60
other
Total, other adverse events
524 / 52693 / 9350 / 5159 / 60
serious
Total, serious adverse events
223 / 52653 / 9330 / 5134 / 60

Outcome results

Primary

Bone Scan Response (BSR) - NRE, CRPC

The reduction of bone scan lesion area (BSLA) by \> 30% was used as the quantitative measure of BSR. BSR was a primary outcome measure for only the NRE CRPC Cohorts.

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 15 months

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCBone Scan Response (BSR) - NRE, CRPC74.2 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaBone Scan Response (BSR) - NRE, CRPC47.1 percentage of participants
Primary

Objective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only

Objective response rate (ORR) per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) version 1.0 per investigator The analysis of ORR in the RDT Cohorts were defined as the proportion of subjects with a best overall response of confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per mRECIST 1.0 during the 12-week Lead-In Stage. In the NRE Ovarian Cohort, mRECIST 1.1 was used. ORR for the NRE CRPC Cohorts was not a primary objective and is therefore not captured in the table below.

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 44 months

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only4.7 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only5.2 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - NSCLCObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only10 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - Pancreatic CancerObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only0 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - Gastric/GEJObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only4.8 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - Hepatocellular CarcinomaObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only4.9 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - SCLCObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only4.8 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - Ovarian CancerObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only21.7 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - Metastatic Breast CancerObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only13.6 percentage of participants
Lead-in Stage - NRE Ovarian CancerObjective Response Rate (ORR) - LEAD IN STAGE, RDT Cohorts and NRE Ovarian Cohort Only10.0 percentage of participants
Primary

Progression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only

Progression Free Survival during the Randomized Stage (Randomized Population)

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 44 months

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only5.5 months
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.4 months
Lead-in Stage - NSCLCProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only4.5 months
Lead-in Stage - Pancreatic CancerProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only2.8 months
Lead-in Stage - Gastric/GEJProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only2.4 months
Lead-in Stage - Hepatocellular CarcinomaProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only2.4 months
Lead-in Stage - SCLCProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only2.8 months
Lead-in Stage - Ovarian CancerProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only.07 months
Lead-in Stage - Metastatic Breast CancerProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts OnlyNA months
Lead-in Stage - NRE Ovarian CancerProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.0 months
Randomized Phase - HCC, Cabozantinib ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only2.5 months
Randomized Phase - HCC, Placebo ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.4 months
Randomized Phase - SCLC, Cabozantinib ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only5.5 months
Randomized Phase - SCLC, Placebo ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.5 months
Randomized Phase - Ovarian Cancer, Cabozantinib ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only4.9 months
Randomized Phase - Ovarian Cancer, Placebo ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.4 months
Randomized Phase - MBC, Cabozantinib ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only6.9 months
Randomized Phase - MBC, Placebo ArmProgression-Free Survival (PFS) - Randomized Stage, RDT Cohorts Only1.1 months
Secondary

Duration of Bone Scan Response - NRE Cohorts, CRPC Only

The duration of BSR per IRF was calculated for CRPC subjects with an objective response (CR or PR) during the study.

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 15 months

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCDuration of Bone Scan Response - NRE Cohorts, CRPC Only5.2 months
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaDuration of Bone Scan Response - NRE Cohorts, CRPC OnlyNA months
Secondary

Duration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage

Duration of objective response was defined as the time from the tumor assessment that first documented PR or CR that was subsequently confirmed at least 28 days later until the date of documented progression. There were either few or no responders in the Gastric/GEJ, SCLC, and pancreatic cohorts so these cohorts are excluded.

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 44 months

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage5.59 Months
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage5.55 Months
Lead-in Stage - NSCLCDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage6.90 Months
Lead-in Stage - Pancreatic CancerDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage4.21 Months
Lead-in Stage - Gastric/GEJDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage11.24 Months
Lead-in Stage - Hepatocellular CarcinomaDuration of Objective Response (OR) - Responders From Lead-in Stage3.29 Months
Secondary

Overall Survival (OS) - NRE Cohorts, CRPC and Ovarian Only

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 15 months

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCOverall Survival (OS) - NRE Cohorts, CRPC and Ovarian Only11.1 months
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaOverall Survival (OS) - NRE Cohorts, CRPC and Ovarian Only8.0 months
Lead-in Stage - NSCLCOverall Survival (OS) - NRE Cohorts, CRPC and Ovarian Only8.5 months
Secondary

Progression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study

Progression-free survival (PFS) from first dose throughout the study was estimated for all subjects (safety population) using a piecewise method.

Time frame: From initial dose through final study visit up to 44 months

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Lead-in Stage - CRPCProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study6.8 months
Lead-in Stage - MelanomaProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study2.8 months
Lead-in Stage - NSCLCProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study4.0 months
Lead-in Stage - Pancreatic CancerProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study2.7 months
Lead-in Stage - Gastric/GEJProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study1.4 months
Lead-in Stage - Hepatocellular CarcinomaProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study5.2 months
Lead-in Stage - SCLCProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study3.4 months
Lead-in Stage - Ovarian CancerProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study5.5 months
Lead-in Stage - Metastatic Breast CancerProgression Free Survival (PFS) - Throughout the Study4.3 months

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Mar 14, 2026