Renal Cell Carcinoma
Conditions
Keywords
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Bevacizumab, Ixabepilone, Phase II
Brief summary
Background: * Substantial preclinical antitumor synergy supports the exploration of the combination of antiangiogenic compounds (including sunitinib and bevacizumab) plus ixabepilone. In Vivo, synergistic activity between ixabepilone and bevacizumab has been demonstrated using the 151-B human renal carcinoma xenograft model and this synergy compares favorably with other antiangiogenic inhibitors (i.e. sunitinib). * Combination therapies of bevacizumab with chemotherapy demonstrated improved benefit compared with single-agent cytotoxics in multiple animal models and in humans. * Clinical activity of both compounds used as single agents has been demonstrated in a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Bevacizumab and ixabepilone, when used as a single agent, have demonstrated substantial activity in renal cell carcinoma. * Phase II studies with bevacizumab and ixabepilone suggest the absence of overlapping toxicities. * Development of a well-tolerated and active bevacizumab/ixabepilone combination has the potential to further improve the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and could represent a second-line option after sunitinib or sorafenib are no longer of benefit or are intolerable. Primary Objectives: * Determine the objective response rate of the combination of ixabepilone and bevacizumab in patients with relapsed or refractory mRCC. * Determine progression-free survival. * Characterize the toxicity of the combination of ixabepilone and bevacizumab in patients with mRCC. * Determine changes in biomarkers and evaluate correlation with clinical outcomes. Eligibility: * Pathologic confirmation of renal cell carcinoma (clear cell histology) by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), or the Medical University of South Carolina. * Presence of metastatic renal carcinoma, after progression or intolerance to Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors (sunitinib and/or sorafenib). * Adequate organ and bone marrow function. Design: * Multi-center, open labeled phase II study * Following a Simon two-stage optimal design, a maximum of 58 patients with metastatic RCC will be accrued. * Ixabepilone will be administered daily as a one hour infusion on five successive days (daily x 5), every three weeks (one cycle equals 3 weeks or 21 days +/- 5 days). Following cycle 6, cycles will be spread out to 4 weeks or 28 days +/- 5 days. The starting dose will be a daily dose of 6 mg/m(2)/day, for a total per cycle dose of 30 mg/m(2). * In addition, 15 mg/kg bevacizumab will be administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle. The first infusion of bevacizumab will be 90 minutes in duration, the second 60 minutes in duration, and in all subsequent cycles bevacizumab will be infused over 30 minutes if prior infusions are well tolerated.
Detailed description
Background: * Substantial preclinical antitumor synergy supports the exploration of the combination of antiangiogenic compounds (including sunitinib and bevacizumab) plus ixabepilone. In Vivo, synergistic activity between ixabepilone and bevacizumab has been demonstrated using the 151-B human renal carcinoma xenograft model and this synergy compares favorably with other antiangiogenic inhibitors (i.e. sunitinib). * Combination therapies of bevacizumab with chemotherapy demonstrated improved benefit compared with single-agent cytotoxics in multiple animal models and in humans. * Clinical activity of both compounds used as single agents has been demonstrated in a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Bevacizumab and ixabepilone, when used as a single agent, have demonstrated substantial activity in renal cell carcinoma. * Phase II studies with bevacizumab and ixabepilone suggest the absence of overlapping toxicities. * Development of a well-tolerated and active bevacizumab/ixabepilone combination has the potential to further improve the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and could represent a second-line option after sunitinib or sorafenib are no longer of benefit or are intolerable. Primary Objectives: * Determine the objective response rate of the combination of ixabepilone and bevacizumab in patients with relapsed or refractory mRCC. * Determine progression-free survival. * Characterize the toxicity of the combination of ixabepilone and bevacizumab in patients with mRCC. * Determine changes in biomarkers and evaluate correlation with clinical outcomes. Eligibility: * Pathologic confirmation of renal cell carcinoma (clear cell histology) by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), or the Medical University of South Carolina. * Presence of metastatic renal carcinoma, after progression or intolerance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors (sunitinib and/or sorafenib). * Adequate organ and bone marrow function. Design: * Multi-center, open labeled phase II study * Following a Simon two-stage optimal design, a maximum of 58 patients with metastatic RCC will be accrued. * Ixabepilone will be administered daily as a one hour infusion on five successive days (daily x 5), every three weeks (one cycle equals 3 weeks or 21 days +/- 5 days). Following cycle 6, cycles will be spread out to 4 weeks or 28 days +/- 5 days. The starting dose will be a daily dose of 6 mg/m(2)/day, for a total per cycle dose of 30 mg/m(2). * In addition, 15 mg/kg bevacizumab will be administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle. The first infusion of bevacizumab will be 90 minutes in duration, the second 60 minutes in duration, and in all subsequent cycles bevacizumab will be infused over 30 minutes if prior infusions are well tolerated.
Interventions
DRUGBevacizumab
Bevacizumab will be administered intravenously every 3 weeks on an outpatient basis with the exception of admissions for the purpose of facilitating research studies. The dose of bevacizumab to be given is 15 mg/kg.
DRUGIxabepilone
Ixabepilone will be given on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of each three week cycle as a one hour intravenous infusion. The dose will be 6 mg/m(2)/day on five successive days.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* INCLUSION CRITERIA: Subjects meeting all of the following criteria will be considered for enrollment into the study: 1. Pathologic confirmation of metastatic or unsectable renal cell carcinoma with predominant clear cell histology (greater than 70%) by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI) or the Medical University of South Carolina.. 2. Progression on or after stopping treatment with an agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients must have received at least one FDA approved agent (axitinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon or everolimus). Patients must be off prior IL-2 or interferon for 4 weeks prior to entry. They must be off sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, temsirolimus or everolimus or other tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) for 2 weeks prior to entry. 3. Eighteen years of age or older. 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status less than or equal to 2. 5. Resolution of any toxic effects of prior therapy (except alopecia) to NCI Common Terminology Criteria in Solid Tumors (CTCAE) v.3.0 through 12/31/10 and version 4.0 beginning 1/1/11 grade less than or equal to 1 and to baseline laboratory values as defined in inclusion criterion # 6. 6. Adequate organ and bone marrow function as evidenced by: * hemoglobin greater than or equal to 9.0 g/dL * absolute neutrophil count greater than or equal to 1.5 x 10(9)/L * platelet count greater than or equal to 100 x 10(9)/L * creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 times the ULN, OR measured creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 40 ml/min * urine proteinuria less than 20mg/dL on random protein creatinine ratio urine samples or a 24-hour urine protein less than 500 mg. NOTE: If on a random protein creatinine ratio the urine protein is greater that or equal to 20mg/dL, then obtain a 24 hour urine collection to accurately demonstrate that the 24 hour total is less than 500 mg/24 hours. * aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) less than or equal to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) (or less than or equal to 5 times the ULN if liver function abnormalities due to underlying malignancy) * total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 times the ULN 7. Subjects must be postmenopausal, surgically sterile, or using effective contraception. All female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (serum or urine) within 7 days prior to enrollment. Effective contraception includes hormonal or barrier methods. 8. No other invasive malignancies within the past two years (with the exception of nonmelanoma skin cancers, non-invasive bladder cancer, stage I endometrial cancer or cervical cancer). 9. Subjects must agree to sign and date an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved subject informed consent form. 10. Subjects must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study procedures. 11. Patients must have measurable disease either by conventional imaging or clinical examination.
Exclusion criteria
Subjects presenting with any of the following will not be included in the study: 1. Invasive procedures defined as follows: * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 6 weeks prior to Day 1 therapy * Anticipation of need for major surgical procedures during the course of the study * Minor surgery, such as port-a-cath placement, and dental procedures, within 2 weeks. * (There will be no delay for percutaneous core biopsies or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)/internal jugular (IJ) line placement) 2. Cumulative radiation therapy to greater than 25% of the total bone marrow. 3. History of uncontrolled or labile hypertension, defined as blood pressure greater than 160/90 mm Hg (NCI CTCAE v.3.0 through 12/31/10 and version 4.0 beginning 1/1/11 grade greater than or equal to 2), on at least 2 repeated determinations on separate days within 15 days prior to study enrollment. 4. Any of the following within 6 months prior to study enrollment: myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina pectoris, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure; cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, grade greater than or equal to 2 peripheral neuropathy, peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis or gastritis, infectious or inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, or other thromboembolic event. 5. Symptomatic spinal cord compression. 6. Evidence of clinically significant bleeding diathesis or underlying coagulopathy. 7. Antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. 8. Pregnant (positive pregnancy test) or nursing women. Both fertile men and women must agree to use adequate contraceptive measures during study therapy and for at least 6 months after the completion of bevacizumab therapy. 9. Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition, or significant laboratory abnormality requiring further investigation that may cause undue risk for the subjects safety, 18 inhibit protocol participation, or interfere with interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the subject inappropriate for entry into this study. 10. Prior therapy with bevacizumab 11. Prior therapy with ixabepilone. 12. Patients on anticoagulant therapy will be evaluated on a case by case basis for inclusion. 13. Serious or non-healing wound, ulcer or bone fracture 14. History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to day 1 15. Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to Day 1 16. Known central nervous system (CNS) disease except for treated brain metastasis. -Treated brain metastases are defined as having no ongoing requirement for steroids and no evidence of progression or hemorrhage after treatment for at least 3 months, as ascertained by clinical examination and brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT)). (Stable dose of anticonvulsants are allowed). Treatment for brain metastases may include whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), radiosurgery (RS; Gamma Knife, linear particle accelerator (LINAC), or equivalent) or a combination as deemed appropriate by the treating physician. Patients with CNS metastases treated by neurosurgical resection or brain biopsy performed within 3 months prior to Day 1 will be excluded. 17. Patients with known hypersensitivity of Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human antibodies 18. Patients receiving cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors in section 3.6 that cannot be discontinued.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival | up to 44 months | The time between the first day of treatment to the day of disease progression. Progression is defined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Progression is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)) Per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Two Years | Response (complete response (CR) and partial response (PR)) was measured by the RECIST. Complete response is the disappearance of all target lesions. Partial response is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LD. |
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events | Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 84 months and 25 days | Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module. Adverse events are assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. |
| Number of Participants Who Had Biopsies | Baseline and Cycle 2 Day 1 | To obtain tumor tissue and perform analysis for molecular changes in the tumor before and after a cycle of chemotherapy. |
| Overall Survival | Time between the first day of treatment and the day of death, assessed up to approximately 7 years. | Time between the first day of treatment and the day of death. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With an Increase or Decrease in Forward Contrast Transfer Rate (Ktrans) Using MRI Versus Conventional Imaging | Cycle 1 before day 1 of treatment and day 5 following infusion | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Protein Profiling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), Beta Fibroblast Growth Factor (βFGF) and Erythropoietin From Baseline | Cycle 1 Day 5 (C1D5), Cycle 2 Day 1 (C2D1), Cycle 4 and Cycle 6 | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Regression Rate Constant (d) | up to 50 days | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Percentage of Participants With an Increase or Decrease in Reverse Contrast Transfer Rate (Kep) Using MRI Versus Conventional Imaging | Cycle 1 before day 1 of treatment and day 5 following infusion | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs) | Baseline, Day 5, and Cycle 2 Day 1 | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Micro Vessel Density | Prior to cycle 2 | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis |
| Tumor Endothelial Markers (TEMs) | Cycle 1 Day 5, Cycle 2 Day 1, Cycle 4 Day 1, and Cycle 6 Day 1 | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
| Growth Rate Constant (g) | up to 50 days | This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone Bevacizumab 15mg/kg every 3 weeks Ixabepilone given on days 1,2,3,4 and 5 of each three week cycle at a dose of 6mg/m(2)/day
Bevacizumab: Bevacizumab will be administered intravenously every 3 weeks on an outpatient basis with the exception of admissions for the purpose of facilitating research studies. The dose of bevacizumab to be given is 15 mg/kg.
Ixabepilone: Ixabepilone will be given on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of each three week cycle as a one hour intravenous infusion. The dose will be 6 mg/m(2)/day on five successive days. | 30 |
| Total | 30 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 1 |
| Overall Study | Discontinued treatment due to toxicities | 3 |
| Overall Study | Refused further treatment | 2 |
| Overall Study | Stopped treatment due to progression | 17 |
| Overall Study | Switched to alternative treatment | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 11 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 19 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 61.17 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.08 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 27 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Prior Therapies | 2 therapies |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 26 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 23 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 30 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 30 / 30 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 9 / 30 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression-free Survival
The time between the first day of treatment to the day of disease progression. Progression is defined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Progression is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.
Time frame: up to 44 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone | Progression-free Survival | 8.3 months |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Had Biopsies
To obtain tumor tissue and perform analysis for molecular changes in the tumor before and after a cycle of chemotherapy.
Time frame: Baseline and Cycle 2 Day 1
Population: This outcome measure was not done because biopsy samples were not obtained.
Secondary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events
Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module. Adverse events are assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0.
Time frame: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 84 months and 25 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | 30 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)) Per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)
Response (complete response (CR) and partial response (PR)) was measured by the RECIST. Complete response is the disappearance of all target lesions. Partial response is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LD.
Time frame: Two Years
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone | Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)) Per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Complete Response | 0 Participants |
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone | Number of Participants With an Objective Response (Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)) Per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | Partial Response | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
Time between the first day of treatment and the day of death.
Time frame: Time between the first day of treatment and the day of death, assessed up to approximately 7 years.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bevacizumab With Ixabepilone | Overall Survival | 15.0 months |
Other Pre-specified
Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs)
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 5, and Cycle 2 Day 1
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Growth Rate Constant (g)
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: up to 50 days
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Micro Vessel Density
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis
Time frame: Prior to cycle 2
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Percentage of Participants With an Increase or Decrease in Forward Contrast Transfer Rate (Ktrans) Using MRI Versus Conventional Imaging
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: Cycle 1 before day 1 of treatment and day 5 following infusion
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Percentage of Participants With an Increase or Decrease in Reverse Contrast Transfer Rate (Kep) Using MRI Versus Conventional Imaging
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: Cycle 1 before day 1 of treatment and day 5 following infusion
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Protein Profiling of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), Beta Fibroblast Growth Factor (βFGF) and Erythropoietin From Baseline
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 5 (C1D5), Cycle 2 Day 1 (C2D1), Cycle 4 and Cycle 6
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Regression Rate Constant (d)
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: up to 50 days
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.
Other Pre-specified
Tumor Endothelial Markers (TEMs)
This assessment was intended as an exploratory analysis.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 5, Cycle 2 Day 1, Cycle 4 Day 1, and Cycle 6 Day 1
Population: This outcome measure was not done. Data was not collected because the clinical data did not support further analysis and interest.