Glaucoma
Conditions
Keywords
Myocilin gene, Glaucoma, dorzolamide and timolol combination eyedrop
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if one of the genes that can cause glaucoma, called myocilin, are associated with larger eye pressure and blood pressure changes in sitting and lying down positions without glaucoma drug treatment and with glaucoma drug treatment with a combination medication called Cosopt® (Merck & Co., Inc.).
Detailed description
Glaucoma is an important public health issue, and identifying new markers to improve treatment outcomes is a high priority. Progress in Mendelian genetic approaches has led to identifying 15 genes and 31 loci (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/); however, since these monogenic forms of glaucoma are uncommon, other approaches are needed to identify genetic markers that contribute to common risk factors, such as elevated eye pressure, eye pressure fluctuation, and drug response variation. It is well known that eye pressure varies over a 24-hour period,1-6 but the mechanisms that regulate this eye pressure rhythm are not yet fully known. Drance reported that 84% of normal eyes (N=320 eyes) had eye pressure fluctuations of less than 5 mmHg in contrast to only 6% of untreated glaucomatous eyes (N=138).7 Drance clearly recognized that eye pressure factors were more variable in eyes with glaucoma. Attention to this eye pressure fluctuation during glaucoma treatment is important because fluctuation leads to progression. The variation in eye pressure drug response profiles measured at selected times over a 24-hour period is related to the mechanism of action of these drugs, endogenous circadian rhythms, and glaucoma. The molecular and genetic tools are now available to identify potential genetic markers for these variable traits. Advancing clinical research to the translational level is an important step to integrate our ever increasing knowledge base in genomics and proteinomics with clinical trials and clinical studies. Given the infrastructure at the University of Michigan with the strength in both glaucoma genetics and our resources in the clinic, it is possible to test for relationships between glaucoma genes and eye pressure. Although it is known that myocilin (MYOC) mutations cause the phenotype of high pressure open-angle glaucoma, the effect of these MYOC mutations in pre-symptomatic subjects and patients with early open-angle glaucoma on eye pressure variation is not known.
Interventions
DRUGCosopt (combination eyedrop of dorzolamide and timolol)
One drop in each eye every twelve hours for six weeks
Sponsors
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
University of Michigan
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Early OAG, as determined by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination * Greater than or equal to 18 years of age * Either gender * Any race * Both eyes meet eligibility criteria * Cup to disc ratio less than 0.8 determined by fundoscopy and confirmed by disc photos * Visual field parameters in the study eye: Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD) greater than 1.0 dB but less than 6.0 dB * Ability to cooperate for an outpatient study involving at least five visits over a four month study period * Ability to comply with Cosopt treatment regimen
Exclusion criteria
* Less than or equal to 18 years old * Refusal to be genotyped or sign Informed Consent for Protocol 1991-144 * Pregnant or lactating women * Medical conditions of severe pulmonary compromise with asthma or emphysema or cardiac contraindications to beta-blockers * Ocular disease of chronic angle-closure glaucoma, iridocorneal endothelial disease, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, epithelial downgrowth, uveitic glaucoma, or neovascular glaucoma * Ocular surgery for glaucoma, including trabeculectomy, other glaucoma filtration surgery, glaucoma drainage implant, or laser cyclophotocoagulation * Current use of systemic steroids or chemotherapeutic agents that non-selectively inhibit dividing cells * Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, history of panretinal photocoagulation treatment, diabetic macular edema, or history of macular grid laser treatment * History of changing treatment involving the use oral beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, or oral alpha 2-agonists in the prior two months or in the next month (i.e., must be on stable treatment with any of these drugs for at least two months) * Patients taking erectile dysfunction drugs (i.e., Viagra, Cialis, Levitra) * Contradictions: * bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma * severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * sinus bradycardia * second or third degree atrioventricular block * overt cardiac failure * cardiogenic shock * hypersensitivity to any component of Cosopt
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions. | 10 weeks | Effect of Cosopt treatment on intraocular pressure changes in sitting to supine positions. |
| Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions | 10 weeks | Effect of Cosopt treatment on blood pressure changes in sitting to supine positions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Myocilin Mutation Arg272Gly in Subjects | 10 week study | Number of subjects with Myocilin Arg272Gly |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Cosopt Cosopt 1 drop two times daily was administered for 6 weeks.
Cosopt (combination eyedrop of dorzolamide and timolol): One drop in each eye every twelve hours for six weeks | 14 |
| Total | 14 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Washout | Physician Decision | 1 |
| Initial Washout | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Cosopt |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 60 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.5 |
| Intraocular pressure left eye After 4 week washout | 20.4 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.57 |
| Intraocular pressure left eye Baseline at initial visit | 16.4 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.61 |
| Intraocular pressure right eye After 4 week washout | 19.9 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.33 |
| Intraocular pressure right eye Baseline at initial visit | 15.6 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 14 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 10 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 0 / 14 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 12 | 1 / 14 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 14 |
Outcome results
Primary
Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions
Effect of Cosopt treatment on blood pressure changes in sitting to supine positions.
Time frame: 10 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cosopt | Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions | Sitting systolic blood pressure | 139.6 mmHg | Standard Deviation 20.4 |
| Cosopt | Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions | Supine systolic blood pressure | 133.8 mmHg | Standard Deviation 21.7 |
| Cosopt | Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions | Sitting diastolic blood pressure | 86.8 mmHg | Standard Deviation 12.29 |
| Cosopt | Blood Pressure in Sitting to Supine Positions | Supine diastolic blood pressure | 89.3 mmHg | Standard Deviation 16.96 |
Primary
Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions.
Effect of Cosopt treatment on intraocular pressure changes in sitting to supine positions.
Time frame: 10 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cosopt | Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions. | Sitting right eye | 18.5 mmHg | Standard Deviation 2.94 |
| Cosopt | Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions. | Sitting left eye | 19.4 mmHg | Standard Deviation 3.23 |
| Cosopt | Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions. | Supine right eye | 22.2 mmHg | Standard Deviation 3.06 |
| Cosopt | Intraocular Pressure in Sitting and Supine Positions. | Supine left eye | 22.8 mmHg | Standard Deviation 4.32 |
Secondary
Myocilin Mutation Arg272Gly in Subjects
Number of subjects with Myocilin Arg272Gly
Time frame: 10 week study
Population: Only 1 participant had a MYOC mutation in the 3 exons
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Cosopt | Myocilin Mutation Arg272Gly in Subjects | 1 Participants |