Prostate Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
metastatic prostate cancer, castration resistant prostate cancer, rising PSA
Brief summary
This research is being done to test an investigational drug, called itraconazole, in the treatment of prostate cancer. Itraconazole is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of various fungal infections such as fingernail/toenail infections and other more serious fungal infections. The word investigational means that itraconazole is not approved for use in people with cancer. However, the FDA is allowing the use of itraconazole in this research study. Itraconazole has been shown to have activity against cancer (including prostate cancer) in the laboratory, but has not been tested against cancer in humans. The purpose of this study is to find out: * If itraconazole is safe when given at two different doses * How itraconazole affects prostate specific antigen (PSA): a blood test that measures substances released by prostate cancer * Whether itraconazole can delay further prostate cancer growth and spread * How itraconazole affects other markers of prostate cancer
Detailed description
Itraconazole is an oral, generic, and commercially available antifungal drug with a long safety record when used at doses ranging from 200 to 600 mg daily. Itraconazole has been shown in cellular and animal models to be a potent angiogenesis inhibitor as well as a Hedgehog pathway antagonist; both pathways are considered important in prostate cancer. Itraconazole has not previously been tested as an antineoplastic agent, but given its well-established safety profile, the gap between further preclinical studies and human clinical trials can be narrowed to accelerate development of this agent as a putative anticancer drug. The investigators hypothesize that itraconazole will prevent PSA progression in a significant proportion of men with metastatic CRPC and that it will have an acceptable safety profile at both doses. Itraconazole may ultimately delay the need for chemotherapy in these men.
Interventions
Itraconazole, 200 mg, by mouth, once daily (200 mg total daily dose)
DRUGItraconazole 300mg
Itraconazole, 300 mg, by mouth, twice daily (600 mg total daily dose)
Sponsors
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Johns Hopkins University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. * Presence of distant metastases on bone scan, CT scan, or MRI scan. * Progression after androgen deprivation (and anti-androgen withdrawal). * Rising serum PSA (Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG2) definition). * Castrate levels of serum testosterone (i.e., ≤ 50 ng/dL). * Age \> 18 years. * ECOG performance status score ≤ 2, and/or Karnofsky score ≥ 50%. * Life expectancy \> 6 months. * Adequate kidney, liver, and bone marrow function. * Willingness to sign informed consent and adhere to study requirements.
Exclusion criteria
* Recent surgery, radiation therapy, combined androgen blockade, or investigational therapies in the last 8 weeks. * Previous chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer. * Concomitant use of second-line hormonal agents (e.g., ketoconazole, DES) * Current use of corticosteroids, except if on a stable dose for ≥ 3 months. * History of malabsorption syndrome (may affect itraconazole absorption). * Allergic reactions to itraconazole or similar compounds. * Concurrent use of drugs that interact with the CYP3A4 system (caution only). * Presence of known brain metastases. * Prior malignancy in the last 3 years, with some exceptions. * Uncontrolled major infectious, cardiac, or pulmonary illnesses. * Prolonged corrected QT interval (\> 450 msec) on electrocardiography.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy With One of Two Dose-levels of Itraconazole: 200 mg or 600 mg Daily. | Up to 24 weeks | To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy. PSA progression is defined as a 25% increase in PSA over baseline \[or nadir (lowest)\] and an increase in absolute PSA level by at least 2 ng/mL, both confirmed by a second value at least 4 weeks later. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| To Determine the Proportion of Men With ≥ 50% PSA Reduction From Baseline. | Baseline and approximately 2 years from open enrollment | Will be reported as the percentage of men with ≥ 50% PSA reduction from baseline. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Low Dose Itraconazole, 200 mg, by mouth, once daily (200 mg total daily dose)
Itraconazole 200 mg: Itraconazole, 200 mg, by mouth, once daily (200 mg total daily dose) | 17 |
| High Dose Itraconazole, 300 mg, by mouth, twice daily (600 mg total daily dose)
Itraconazole 300mg: Itraconazole, 300 mg, by mouth, twice daily (600 mg total daily dose) | 29 |
| Total | 46 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Low Dose | High Dose | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 16 Participants | 20 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 1 Participants | 9 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 73 years | 71 years | 73 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 17 participants | 29 participants | 46 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 17 Participants | 29 Participants | 46 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 14 / 17 | 14 / 29 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 17 | 0 / 29 |
Outcome results
Primary
To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy With One of Two Dose-levels of Itraconazole: 200 mg or 600 mg Daily.
To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy. PSA progression is defined as a 25% increase in PSA over baseline \[or nadir (lowest)\] and an increase in absolute PSA level by at least 2 ng/mL, both confirmed by a second value at least 4 weeks later.
Time frame: Up to 24 weeks
Population: Based on how many participants were evaluable for the study primary endpoint
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Itraconazole | To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy With One of Two Dose-levels of Itraconazole: 200 mg or 600 mg Daily. | 11.8 percent of patients |
| High Dose Itraconazole | To Determine the Proportion of Patients With Metastatic CRPC Who do Not Have Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Progression After 24 Weeks of Therapy With One of Two Dose-levels of Itraconazole: 200 mg or 600 mg Daily. | 48 percent of patients |
Secondary
To Determine the Proportion of Men With ≥ 50% PSA Reduction From Baseline.
Will be reported as the percentage of men with ≥ 50% PSA reduction from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 years from open enrollment
Population: One subject in the high dose arm was not evaluable on account of subject discontinuing study drug during cycle 1 due to clinical progression.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Itraconazole | To Determine the Proportion of Men With ≥ 50% PSA Reduction From Baseline. | 0 percentage |
| High Dose Itraconazole | To Determine the Proportion of Men With ≥ 50% PSA Reduction From Baseline. | 14.3 percentage |