Claudication, Critical Limb Ischemia, Peripheral Arterial Disease
Conditions
Keywords
PAD
Brief summary
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the intermediate and long-term effectiveness of stand-alone atherectomy treatment of peripheral arterial disease in the legs.
Interventions
Removal of atherosclerotic plaque from artery walls.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Has a Rutherford Clinical Category Score of 1 - 6. * Has evidence of ≥ 50% stenosis or occlusion in the superficial femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial and/or peroneal arteries, confirmed by angiography. * Has identifiable distal target vessel which upon completion of the intervention, is anticipated to provide re-constitution of blood flow to the foot. * Exchangeable guidewire must cross lesion(s), with ability of catheter to cross lesion. * Each discrete target lesion's length is ≤ 20 cm. * Reference vessel diameter is ≥ 1.5 mm and ≤ 7 mm.
Exclusion criteria
* Has surgical or endovascular procedure of the target vessel within 14 days prior to the index procedure. * Has any planned surgical intervention or endovascular procedure within 30 days after the index procedure. * Has had a previous peripheral bypass affecting the target limb. * Has end-stage renal disease defined as undergoing hemodialysis for kidney failure. * Has presence of severe calcification in target lesion(s). * Has in-stent restenosis of the target lesion. * Has an aneurysmal target vessel. * Has significant stenosis or occlusion of inflow tract that has not been revascularized prior to treatment of the target vessel. * Has perforation, dissection or other injury of the access or target vessel requiring additional stenting or surgical intervention prior to enrollment. * Has disease that precludes safe advancement of the SilverHawk/TurboHawk device to the target lesion(s). * Has had a previous amputation above the metatarsal line on the target limb.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Patency Rate (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | One year | The primary endpoint analysis for claudication subjects was primary patency rate at one year, defined by duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 at the target lesion(s) with no clinically-driven reintervention within the treated segment in subjects who had claudication (RCC of 1 - 3) at time of enrollment. |
| Amputation-Free Survival at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6) | One Year | The primary endpoint for CLI was amputation-free survival at one year, defined as freedom from a major, unplanned amputation of the target limb through the 1-year visit in subjects who have CLI (RCC 4 - 6) at time of enrollment. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Major Adverse Event Rate (in All Patients Enrolled) | 30 Days | Major Adverse Event Rate (MAE) at 30 Days was defined as clinically-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), major unplanned amputation of treated limb, or all-cause mortality within 30 days post procedure, as classified by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC). |
| Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Baseline and 1 Year | WIQ includes a measurement for walking distance, walking speed, and climbing stairs collected at baseline and one year, presented for subjects who have claudication. The Walking Improvement Questionnaire (WIQ) is a validated method to assess objective improvement in functional walking ability of subjects with intermittent claudication. Difficulty walking a distance was self-assessed at baseline by the patient (prior to treatment) and at the one year follow up visit. Speed and stair climbing ability were assessed by the treating physician. Scale ranges from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum), with larger numbers representing better outcomes. An increase in WIQ scores at 1 year represents an improvement over baseline. |
| Improvement in Rutherford Clinical Category (in All Patients Enrolled) | 1 Year | Change in RCC at One Year was assessed and percentage of subjects with an improvement in clinical status indicated by a decrease of one or more in RCC at one year compared to baseline, that is attributable to the treated limb (in cases of bilateral disease), was calculated. |
| Ankle-Brachial Index (in All Patients Enrolled) | 1 Year | Change in Ankle-Brachial Index at One Year was calculated and percentage of subjects with an increase (improvement) in the ankle-brachial index (ABI) at one year compared to baseline in subjects with compressible arteries and baseline ABI \< 0.9 was calculated. |
| Device Success (in All Patients Enrolled) | Immediately following use of the SilverHawk device | Device success was defined as ≤ 30% residual stenosis following use of the SilverHawk device, as measured by angiography, without adjunctive endovascular interventions or periprocedural complications. |
| Primary Patency (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6) | One Year | The primary patency for CLI was defined by duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 at the target lesion(s) with no clinically-driven reintervention within the treated segment in subjects who have CLI at time of enrollment |
| Amputation-Free Survival (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | One Year | Amputation-Free Survival in Claudicants at One Year was defined as freedom from a major, unplanned amputation of the target limb through the one year visit in subjects who have claudication at time of enrollment. |
| Improvement in Wound Healing (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia and With Wounds RCC 5-6) | 3 months | Wound healing at three months was defined as a decrease of at least one Wagner Classification grade of the wound at three months compared to baseline in subjects who have Rutherford Clinical Category score of 5 or 6 at the time of enrollment. |
| Alternative Patency Rate (Peak Systolic Velocity ≤ 2.4) at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | 1 year | Defined by the duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ration ≤ 2.4 at the target lesion (s) with no clinically-driven re- intervention with the treated segment in subjects who have claudication at time of enrollment. |
| Secondary Patency (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | One Year | Secondary patency was defined as measured by duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 maintained by repeat percutaneous intervention in subjects who have claudication; estimated as freedom from loss of patency by the Kaplan-Meier method at one year. |
| Procedural Success (in All Patients Enrolled) | Immediately following use of the SilverHawk and adjunctive devices | Procedure success was defined as ≤ 30% residual stenosis following use of SilverHawk device and adjunctive endovascular interventions (if required) as measured by angiography without periprocedural complications. |
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Subjects with all severities of peripheral arterial disease were recruited for this single-arm study. Outcome measures may apply to all subjects or be specific to level of disease severity (ie subjects w/claudication RCC1-3, subjects w/critical limb ischemia RCC4 (no wounds) or RCC5-6 (with wounds)). These are specified in the Arm/Group titles.
Pre-assignment details
800 subjects were enrolled. One subject was excluded from all data analyses due to an invalid informed consent and was not considered started.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Atherectomy All patients enrolled in this single-arm study were treated with directional atherectomy.
SilverHawk Peripheral Plaque Excision System: Removal of atherosclerotic plaque from artery walls. | 799 |
| Total | 799 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Atherectomy |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 540 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 259 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 70.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 |
| Diabetes Diabetes | 418 participants |
| Diabetes No Diabetes | 381 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Europe | 107 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 692 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 363 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 436 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 4 / 799 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 41 / 799 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 410 / 799 |
Outcome results
Amputation-Free Survival at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6)
The primary endpoint for CLI was amputation-free survival at one year, defined as freedom from a major, unplanned amputation of the target limb through the 1-year visit in subjects who have CLI (RCC 4 - 6) at time of enrollment.
Time frame: One Year
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Amputation-Free Survival at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6) | 95.1 percentage of subjects by Kaplan-Meier |
Primary Patency Rate (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3)
The primary endpoint analysis for claudication subjects was primary patency rate at one year, defined by duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 at the target lesion(s) with no clinically-driven reintervention within the treated segment in subjects who had claudication (RCC of 1 - 3) at time of enrollment.
Time frame: One year
Population: Kaplan-Meier estimate of the freedom from loss of primary patency in lesions (N=743 lesions)
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Primary Patency Rate (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | 81.6 percentage of lesions by Kaplan Meier |
Alternative Patency Rate (Peak Systolic Velocity ≤ 2.4) at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3)
Defined by the duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ration ≤ 2.4 at the target lesion (s) with no clinically-driven re- intervention with the treated segment in subjects who have claudication at time of enrollment.
Time frame: 1 year
Population: Lesions in patients with claudication at baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Alternative Patency Rate (Peak Systolic Velocity ≤ 2.4) at 1 Year (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | 77.5 percentage of lesions by Kaplan-Meier |
Amputation-Free Survival (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3)
Amputation-Free Survival in Claudicants at One Year was defined as freedom from a major, unplanned amputation of the target limb through the one year visit in subjects who have claudication at time of enrollment.
Time frame: One Year
Population: All claudicants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Amputation-Free Survival (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | 99.6 percentage of patients by Kaplan-Meier |
Ankle-Brachial Index (in All Patients Enrolled)
Change in Ankle-Brachial Index at One Year was calculated and percentage of subjects with an increase (improvement) in the ankle-brachial index (ABI) at one year compared to baseline in subjects with compressible arteries and baseline ABI \< 0.9 was calculated.
Time frame: 1 Year
Population: All patients with compressible arteries and a baseline ABI \< 0.9.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Ankle-Brachial Index (in All Patients Enrolled) | 76 percentage of patients improved |
Device Success (in All Patients Enrolled)
Device success was defined as ≤ 30% residual stenosis following use of the SilverHawk device, as measured by angiography, without adjunctive endovascular interventions or periprocedural complications.
Time frame: Immediately following use of the SilverHawk device
Population: Lesions with core angiographic laboratory measurements of residual stenosis
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Device Success (in All Patients Enrolled) | 70.5 percentage of Lesions |
Improvement in Rutherford Clinical Category (in All Patients Enrolled)
Change in RCC at One Year was assessed and percentage of subjects with an improvement in clinical status indicated by a decrease of one or more in RCC at one year compared to baseline, that is attributable to the treated limb (in cases of bilateral disease), was calculated.
Time frame: 1 Year
Population: All patients with RCC data at baseline and 1 year
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Improvement in Rutherford Clinical Category (in All Patients Enrolled) | 82.3 percentage of patients |
Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3)
WIQ includes a measurement for walking distance, walking speed, and climbing stairs collected at baseline and one year, presented for subjects who have claudication. The Walking Improvement Questionnaire (WIQ) is a validated method to assess objective improvement in functional walking ability of subjects with intermittent claudication. Difficulty walking a distance was self-assessed at baseline by the patient (prior to treatment) and at the one year follow up visit. Speed and stair climbing ability were assessed by the treating physician. Scale ranges from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum), with larger numbers representing better outcomes. An increase in WIQ scores at 1 year represents an improvement over baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and 1 Year
Population: All subjects treated for claudication RCC 1-3 with completed WIQ forms
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Stair Climbins Score | 32.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 31 |
| Claudicant Subgroup | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Walking Distance Score | 19.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.2 |
| Claudicant Subgroup | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Walking Speed Score | 20.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.7 |
| Claudicant Subgroup (One Year) | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Walking Distance Score | 49.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 38 |
| Claudicant Subgroup (One Year) | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Walking Speed Score | 39.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.8 |
| Claudicant Subgroup (One Year) | Improvement in Walking Impairment Questionnaire Score (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | Stair Climbins Score | 53.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 37.6 |
Improvement in Wound Healing (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia and With Wounds RCC 5-6)
Wound healing at three months was defined as a decrease of at least one Wagner Classification grade of the wound at three months compared to baseline in subjects who have Rutherford Clinical Category score of 5 or 6 at the time of enrollment.
Time frame: 3 months
Population: Patients with wounds at baseline who had wound assessment scores at baseline and at 3 months.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Improvement in Wound Healing (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia and With Wounds RCC 5-6) | 61.2 percentage of patients |
Major Adverse Event Rate (in All Patients Enrolled)
Major Adverse Event Rate (MAE) at 30 Days was defined as clinically-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), major unplanned amputation of treated limb, or all-cause mortality within 30 days post procedure, as classified by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC).
Time frame: 30 Days
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Major Adverse Event Rate (in All Patients Enrolled) | 1.6 percentage of patients |
Major Adverse Event Rate (in All Patients Enrolled)
Major Adverse Event Rate at One Year was defined as clinically-driven target vessel revascularization, major unplanned amputation of the treated limb, or all-cause mortality within one year, as classified by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC).
Time frame: One Year
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Major Adverse Event Rate (in All Patients Enrolled) | 20.9 percentage of patients |
Primary Patency (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6)
The primary patency for CLI was defined by duplex ultrasound measurement of peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 at the target lesion(s) with no clinically-driven reintervention within the treated segment in subjects who have CLI at time of enrollment
Time frame: One Year
Population: All patients with CLI.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Primary Patency (in Patients Treated for Critical Limb Ischemia RCC 4-6) | 74.1 percentage of lesions |
Procedural Success (in All Patients Enrolled)
Procedure success was defined as ≤ 30% residual stenosis following use of SilverHawk device and adjunctive endovascular interventions (if required) as measured by angiography without periprocedural complications.
Time frame: Immediately following use of the SilverHawk and adjunctive devices
Population: All lesions with angiographic core lab assessment of residual stenosis at the end of the procedure were included
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Procedural Success (in All Patients Enrolled) | 84.0 percentage of lesions |
Secondary Patency (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3)
Secondary patency was defined as measured by duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity ratio ≤ 3.5 maintained by repeat percutaneous intervention in subjects who have claudication; estimated as freedom from loss of patency by the Kaplan-Meier method at one year.
Time frame: One Year
Population: All claudicants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Claudicant Subgroup | Secondary Patency (in Patients Treated for Claudication RCC 1-3) | 93.5 percentage of lesions |