Liver Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
adult primary hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced adult primary liver cancer, recurrent adult primary liver cancer
Brief summary
RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Erlotinib and sorafenib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Bevacizumab, erlotinib, and sorafenib may also stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. It is not yet known whether giving bevacizumab together with erlotinib is more effective than giving sorafenib in treating patients with liver cancer. PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is studying how well giving bevacizumab together with erlotinib works compared with sorafenib as first-line therapy in treating patients with advanced liver cancer.
Detailed description
OBJECTIVES: Primary * To estimate the overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib hydrochloride vs sorafenib tosylate. Secondary * To estimate the event-free survival and tumor response rate of these patients. * To evaluate the safety and tolerability of these regimens in these patients. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. * Arm I: Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral erlotinib hydrochloride once daily on days 1-28. * Arm II: Patients receive oral sorafenib tosylate twice daily on days 1-28. In both arms, courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed at 30 days and then every 3 months for 1 year.
Interventions
Given IV
Given orally
Given orally
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Pathologically confirmed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) * Childs-Pugh class A * CLIP score ≤ 5 * Not a candidate for curative surgical resection or loco-regional therapy * Measurable disease as per RECIST 1.1 criteria, defined as ≥ 1 previously unirradiated, bidimensionally measurable lesion ≥ 20 mm by CT scan or MRI (triphasic spiral CT scan or MRI employing a liver protocol image capture technique required) * Bone lesions, ascites, and pleural effusions are not considered measurable lesions * No fibrolamellar HCC * No known brain metastases * No prior organ transplantation PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: * ECOG performance status 0-2 * Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm³ * Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm³ * Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL * Transaminases ≤ 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) * Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 times ULN * PT ≤ 1.8 times ULN * Prolonged INR allowed for patients who require full dose anticoagulation * Creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dL OR creatinine clearance ≥ 45 mL/min * Urine protein \< 2+ by urine dipstick OR urine protein ≤ 1 g by 24-hour urine collection * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for 12 weeks after completion of study treatment * Able to take and absorb oral medication * No active infection requiring parenteral therapy * No known HIV or AIDS * No uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), defined as systolic BP ≥ 150 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 100 mm Hg * No uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including any of the following: * Myocardial infarction within the past 6 months * Uncontrolled angina within the past 6 months * New York Heart Association class II-IV congestive heart failure * Grade 3 cardiac valve dysfunction * Cardiac arrhythmia not controlled by medication * Stroke or transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months * Arterial thrombotic event of any type within the past 6 months * No significant or symptomatic vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or peripheral vascular disease) within the past 6 months * No decompensated liver disease as evidenced by clinically significant ascites refractory to diuretic therapy, hepatic encephalopathy, or coagulopathy not corrected by conservative measures * No grade 3 bleeding esophageal or gastric varices within the past 2 months * Prior variceal bleeding allowed provided patient has undergone banding or sclerotherapy and there has been no evidence of bleeding for 2 months * No gastric varices ≥ grade 2 * No hemoptysis (i.e., ≥ ½ teaspoon of bright red blood per episode) within the past month * No evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy * No concurrent uncontrolled illness, including, but not limited to, a history of or current evidence of unexplained nephrotic syndrome or other severe illness/disease that would preclude study participation * No history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy * No abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within the past 6 months * No serious, non-healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture * No significant traumatic injury within the past 28 days * No history of allergy to bevacizumab, erlotinib hydrochloride, sorafenib tosylate, or related compounds * No other primary malignancy within the past 5 years, except carcinoma in situ of the cervix or urinary bladder or nonmelanoma skin cancer * No mental incapacitation or psychiatric illness that would preclude study participation * Not incarcerated or compulsorily detained (i.e., involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical illness (e.g., infectious disease) PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: * Prior surgery, local ablation, trans-arterial hepatic artery embolization, or trans-arterial chemoembolization are allowed provided the lesion(s) have progressed since treatment OR there are additional measurable, untreated lesions present * No prior systemic therapy for HCC * No prior organ transplantation * More than 7 days since prior minor surgical procedures, fine needle aspirations, or core biopsies (excluding placement of a vascular access device) * More than 28 days since any prior therapy * More than 28 days since prior and no concurrent major surgical procedure or open biopsy * More than 28 days since prior and no concurrent participation in another experimental drug study * No other concurrent anticancer or antitumor therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or hormonal anticancer therapy * No other concurrent investigational agents * No concurrent warfarin (other types of anticoagulation allowed)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | from date of day 1 until the date of death | Overall survival is defined as the time from treatment day 1 until death from any cause. Patients still alive at the end of follow up,patients who withdrew consent from the trial and patients who were lost to follow up will have their survival time censored at the last date of contact. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Event-free Survival | From the time of randomization until progression, withdrawal due to toxicity or any other clinical event requiring withdrawal from the study. | EFS is defined as the time from randomization to any of the following three types of events: 1 - progression; 2 - withdrawal due to excessive toxicity; 3 - any other clinical event requiring withdrawal from the study. |
| Number of SAEs Experienced | From day 1 of drug administration until 30 days after the last dose of study drug. | The study will report the number of SAEs experienced in each arm. All patients who receive any study drug will be evaluable for toxicity. |
| Response Rate | From day 1 drug administration until 30 days after the last dose of study drug. | Secondary outcome measures include response rate as assessed on restaging imaging studies utilizing RECIST 1.1. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm I Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral erlotinib hydrochloride once daily on days 1-28.
bevacizumab: Given IV
erlotinib hydrochloride: Given orally | 47 |
| Arm II Patients receive oral sorafenib tosylate twice daily on days 1-28.
sorafenib tosylate: Given orally | 48 |
| Total | 95 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 0 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm I | Arm II | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 18 Participants | 21 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 29 Participants | 27 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 9 Participants | 7 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 38 Participants | 41 Participants | 79 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 9 Participants | 4 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 7 Participants | 8 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 28 Participants | 32 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 15 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 38 Participants | 33 Participants | 71 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 47 / 47 | 43 / 43 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 25 / 47 | 19 / 43 |
Outcome results
Overall Survival
Overall survival is defined as the time from treatment day 1 until death from any cause. Patients still alive at the end of follow up,patients who withdrew consent from the trial and patients who were lost to follow up will have their survival time censored at the last date of contact.
Time frame: from date of day 1 until the date of death
Population: Only subjects who received one dose of study drug were considered for this outcome. 5 subjects enrolled to Arm II did not receive any study drug and were not evaluable for this outcome.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I | Overall Survival | 8.55 Months |
| Arm II | Overall Survival | 8.55 Months |
Event-free Survival
EFS is defined as the time from randomization to any of the following three types of events: 1 - progression; 2 - withdrawal due to excessive toxicity; 3 - any other clinical event requiring withdrawal from the study.
Time frame: From the time of randomization until progression, withdrawal due to toxicity or any other clinical event requiring withdrawal from the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I | Event-free Survival | 4.37 Months |
| Arm II | Event-free Survival | 2.76 Months |
Number of SAEs Experienced
The study will report the number of SAEs experienced in each arm. All patients who receive any study drug will be evaluable for toxicity.
Time frame: From day 1 of drug administration until 30 days after the last dose of study drug.
Population: Patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I | Number of SAEs Experienced | 48 serious adverse events |
| Arm II | Number of SAEs Experienced | 39 serious adverse events |
Response Rate
Secondary outcome measures include response rate as assessed on restaging imaging studies utilizing RECIST 1.1.
Time frame: From day 1 drug administration until 30 days after the last dose of study drug.
Population: Responders include complete and partial responders defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I | Response Rate | 15 percentage of participants |
| Arm II | Response Rate | 9 percentage of participants |