Bioavailability
Conditions
Keywords
vitamin K2, absorption, efficacy
Brief summary
Previous studies have indicated that menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most effective form of vitamin K. The Japanese soya product natto is one of the richest food sources of MK-7, but its taste is not appreciated by the Western society. For this reason, the active biological compound has been manufactured as enriched oil or casein (≈80% of proteins in cow's milk)-enriched powder. However, cow's milk allergy is the most common cause of food allergy affecting a minimum of 2-3% of infants. The investigators will therefore compare this protein-delivery system to an alternative delivery system (Arabic gum; 98% polysaccharides). To compare the difference between powder and oil as MK-7 delivery vehicle, the investigators will also test the efficacy of enriched linseed oil.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTmenaquinone-7 from casein capsules
90 µg menaquinone-7 daily during 8 weeks
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTmenaquinone-7 from arabic gum capsules
90 µg menaquinone-7 daily during 8 weeks
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTmenaquinone-7 from linseed oil capsules
90 µg menaquinone-7 daily during 8 weeks
Sponsors
Maastricht University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy men and women aged between 20 and 40 y * Normal body weight and height (BMI \<30 kg/m2) * Stable body weight (weight gain or loss \<3 kg in past 3 mo) * Caucasian race * Written consent to take part in the study * Low vitamin K status
Exclusion criteria
* (A history of) metabolic or gastrointestinal diseases * Chronic degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases * Abuse of drugs and/or alcohol * Use of corticosteroids * Use of oral anticoagulants * (A history of) soy allergy * Use of vitamin K-containing multivitamins or vitamin K supplements * Anaemia * Blood donation or participation in another study within one month before the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| serum level menaquinone-7 | 8 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| plasma level of biochemical markers carboxylated matrix-Gla protein, undercarboxylated matrix-Gla protein, carboxylated osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin | 8 weeks |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed