Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Conditions
Keywords
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, indacaterol, tiotropium, bronchodilation
Brief summary
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of indacaterol (150 µg once daily \[od\]) when combined with tiotropium (18 µg od) versus tiotropium (18 µg od) treatment alone in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Interventions
Indacaterol was supplied in powder filled capsules together with a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI) device.
DRUGTiotropium 18 μg
Tiotropium was supplied in powder filled capsules together the manufacture's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®).
DRUGPlacebo to indacaterol
Placebo to indacaterol was supplied in powder filled capsules together with a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI) device.
Sponsors
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (moderate-to-severe as classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease \[GOLD\] Guidelines, 2007) and: 1. Smoking history of at least 10 pack-years 2. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≤ 65% and ≥ 30% of the predicted normal value 3. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (force vital capacity) \< 70%
Exclusion criteria
* Patients who have had a COPD exacerbation requiring systemic glucocorticosteroid treatment or antibiotics and/or hospitalization in the 6 weeks prior to screening or during the run-in period * Patients who have had a respiratory tract infection within 6 weeks prior to screening or during the run-in period * Patients with a body mass index less than 15 or more than 40 kg/m\^2 * Patients with concomitant pulmonary disease * Patients with a history of asthma * Patients with diabetes Type I or uncontrolled diabetes Type II * Any patient with lung cancer or a history of lung cancer * Patients with a history of certain cardiovascular comorbid conditions Other protocol-defined inclusion/
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | From 5 minutes to 8 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12, Day 84) | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-dose at the end of the study (Week 12, Day 84). Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12 + 1 Day, Day 85) | 24 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12 + 1 day, Day 85) | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 45 minutes post-dose at the end of the study (Week 12 + 1 day, Day 85). The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | From 5 minutes to 8 hours post-dose on Day 1 | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-dose on Day 1. Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
| Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose on Day 2 | 24 hours post-dose on Day 2 | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 45 minutes post-dose on Day 2. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | From 5 minutes to 4 hours post-dose on Day 1 | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-dose on Day 1. Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | From 5 minutes to 4 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12) | FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12). Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates. |
Countries
Argentina, Australia, Colombia, Denmark, Germany, Guatemala, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Spain, Turkey (Türkiye), United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg Patients inhaled indacaterol 150 μg and tiotropium 18 μg once daily in the morning between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM for 12 weeks. Indacaterol was delivered blinded via a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI). Tiotropium was delivered open-label via the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®). Daily inhaled corticosteroid treatment (if applicable) was to remain stable throughout the study. The short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol/albuterol was available for rescue use throughout the study. | 570 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg Patients inhaled placebo to indacaterol 150 μg and tiotropium 18 μg once daily in the morning between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM for 12 weeks. Placebo to indacaterol was delivered blinded via a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI). Tiotropium was delivered open-label via the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®). Daily inhaled corticosteroid treatment (if applicable) was to remain stable throughout the study. The short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol/albuterol was available for rescue use throughout the study. | 561 |
| Total | 1,131 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Abnormal test procedure result(s) | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Administrative problems | 5 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 20 | 10 |
| Overall Study | Death | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Protocol deviation | 2 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Subject withdrew consent | 8 | 10 |
| Overall Study | Unsatisfactory therapeutic effect | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Tiotropium 18 μg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 64.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.07 | 63.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.22 | 63.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.14 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 171 Participants | 183 Participants | 354 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 399 Participants | 378 Participants | 777 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 99 / 570 | 69 / 561 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 21 / 570 | 17 / 561 |
Outcome results
Primary
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12)
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-dose at the end of the study (Week 12, Day 84). Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: From 5 minutes to 8 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12, Day 84)
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | 1.50 Liters | Standard Error 0.014 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | 1.38 Liters | Standard Error 0.014 |
Secondary
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12)
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12). Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: From 5 minutes to 4 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12)
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | 1.52 Liters | Standard Error 0.013 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12) | 1.38 Liters | Standard Error 0.013 |
Secondary
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose on Day 1
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-dose on Day 1. Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: From 5 minutes to 4 hours post-dose on Day 1
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | 1.38 Liters | Standard Error 0.008 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | 1.31 Liters | Standard Error 0.008 |
Secondary
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose on Day 1
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-dose on Day 1. Standardized FEV1 AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: From 5 minutes to 8 hours post-dose on Day 1
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | 1.40 Liters | Standard Error 0.009 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Length of Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 8 Hours Post-dose on Day 1 | 1.32 Liters | Standard Error 0.009 |
Secondary
Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12 + 1 Day, Day 85)
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 45 minutes post-dose at the end of the study (Week 12 + 1 day, Day 85). The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: 24 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (Week 12 + 1 day, Day 85)
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12 + 1 Day, Day 85) | 1.38 Liters | Standard Error 0.014 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12 + 1 Day, Day 85) | 1.30 Liters | Standard Error 0.014 |
Secondary
Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose on Day 2
FEV1 was measured with spirometry conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Measurements were made at 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 45 minutes post-dose on Day 2. The analysis included baseline FEV1, FEV1 pre-dose and 10-15 minutes post-dose of salbutamol/albuterol during screening, and FEV1 pre-dose and 1 hour post-dose of ipratropium during screening as covariates.
Time frame: 24 hours post-dose on Day 2
Population: Full analysis set (FAS): All randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of study drug, last observation carried forward (LOCF).
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indacaterol 150 μg and Tiotropium 18 μg | Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose on Day 2 | 1.36 Liters | Standard Error 0.011 |
| Tiotropium 18 μg | Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) 24 Hours Post-dose on Day 2 | 1.27 Liters | Standard Error 0.012 |