Bile Duct Cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Duct, Cholangiocellular Carcinoma, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Gallbladder Cancer, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Periampullary Adenocarcinoma
Conditions
Keywords
Liver, Gallbladder, Bile duct, Gemzar, Eloxatin, Tarceva, erlotinib, Gem-ox
Brief summary
This is a single arm phase II trial of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (Gem-Ox) with Erlotinib (Tarceva) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tree cancer (BTC) patients with platelet counts 100,000/µL. The purpose of this study is to determine the tumor control rate following treatment with GEM-OX combined with Tarceva in patients with HCC. Tumor control rate is defined as the percentage of patients achieving a complete response, partial response, or stable disease at 24 weeks following treatment.
Detailed description
The incidence and mortality of HCC has increased in the United States. Promising responses have been observed in HCC patients treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin, inclusing good disease stabilization and progression free survival. Cisplatin-gemcitabine enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by increasing the formation of cytotoxic platinum DNA adducts. Similarly, Oxaliplatin also has DNA cross linkage properties and one could assume that its combination with gemcitabine is likely to potentiate the cytotoxicity of the latter. Erlotinib has also been reported to result in clinical benefit in HCC and BTC patients. Based on these prior findings, we embarked on this phase II protocol of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and erlotinib in HCC and BTC patients.
Interventions
DRUGCisplatin
Cisplatin is administered intravenously at 40 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 15, every 28 days. Cisplatin is administered following Gemcitabine. Cisplatin administration should occur with hydration with normal saline at 250 mL/ hour for at least 4 hours before and during Cisplatin administration. Additionally, Cisplatin administration should be preceded by osmotic diuresis with Mannitol 25%, 12.5 grams.
DRUGErlotinib
100 mg orally daily. For grade 3 or 4 skin rash, erlotinib should be held until resolution of the rash to no more than grade 1 before resumption of erlotinib.
DRUGGemcitabine
Gemcitabine is administered intravenously at 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and 15, every 28 days. The clinical formulation is supplied in a sterile form for intravenous use only. Vials of gemcitabine contain either 200 mg or 1 g of gemcitabine hydrochloride (HCl )(expressed as free base) formulated with mannitol (200 mg or 1 g, respectively) and sodium acetate (12.5 mg or 62.5 mg, respectively) as a sterile lyophilized powder. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added for pH adjustment.
Sponsors
New Mexico Cancer Research Alliance
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically or cytologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or biliary tree cancer (BTC:: intra- and extra-hepatic cholanciocarcinoma, bile duct cancer, adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater and/or gallbladder carcinoma). * Patients must have measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). * Age 18 years or older. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Score of 0-2 * Adequate bone marrow as evidenced by: * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1,500/L. * Platelet count \> 100,000/L. * Absence of a regular red blood cell transfusion requirement. * Adequate renal function as evidenced by serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL. * Adequate hepatic function as evidenced by: * Serum total bilirubin 1.5x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN). * Alkaline phosphatase \< 3x ULN for the reference lab (\< 5x ULN for patients with known hepatic metastases). * Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)/ serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) \< 3x ULN for the reference lab (\< 5x ULN for patients with known hepatic metastases). * Patients must have a life expectancy of 12 weeks. * Patients must be recovered from both acute and late effects of any prior surgery, radiotherapy or other antineoplastic therapy. * Patients of childbearing potential agree to use an effective form of contraception during the study and for 90 days following the last dose of study medication (an effective form of contraception is an oral contraceptive or a double barrier method).
Exclusion criteria
A patient may not be enrolled in the trial if any of the following criteria are met: * Patients with an active infection or with a fever \> 38.50 degrees Celcius within 3 days of the first scheduled day of protocol treatment. * Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Patients with stable CNS disease, who have undergone radiotherapy at least 4 weeks prior to the planned first protocol treatment and who have been on a stable dose of corticosteroids for 3 weeks are eligible for the trial. * History of prior malignancy within the past 5 years except for curatively treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, or localized prostate cancer with a current prostate serum antigen (PSA) of \< 1.0 mg/dL on 2 successive evaluations at least 3 months apart, with the most recent evaluation within 4 weeks of entry. * Patients with prior treatment or known hypersensitivity to any of the components of oxaliplatin or gemcitabine. * Patients who have received chemotherapy within 30 days of the first scheduled day of protocol treatment. * Patients who received radiotherapy to more than 25% of their bone marrow; or patients who received any radiotherapy within 4 weeks of entry. * Patients who are receiving concurrent investigational therapy or who have received investigational therapy within 30 days of the first scheduled day of protocol treatment (investigational therapy is defined as treatment for which there is currently no regulatory authority approved indication). * Peripheral neuropathy Grade 2. * Patients who are pregnant or lactating. * Patients with a life expectancy of less than 12 weeks. * Any other medical condition, including mental illness or substance abuse, deemed by the Investigator, likely to interfere with a patient's ability to sign informed consent, cooperate and participate in the study, or interfere with the interpretation of the results. * Patients with any of the following laboratory parameters: * Abnormal hematological values with ANC \< 1500/mm3, thrombocytopenia \< 99,000. * Impaired renal function with a serum creatinine \> 1.5x ULN. * Serum bilirubin \> 1.5xULN. * Albumin \< 2.5 mg/dl. * Unwillingness to participate or inability to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study. * History of allogeneic transplant. * Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). * Clinically significant heart disease defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4 heart disease. * Known or existing uncontrolled coagulopathy. * Patients with severe medical problems such as uncontrolled diabetes or chronically debilitating diseases that the investigator feels might compromise the study participant.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Tumor Control Rate | 24 weeks | Rate of tumor control is defined as the percentage of patients achieving a complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD) at 24 weeks following treatment. Response is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), neither sufficient decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for Progressive Disease; Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Response Rate | 24 weeks | Overall response rate is defined as the percentage of patients achieving a complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) at 24 weeks following treatment. Response is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), neither sufficient decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for Progressive Disease; Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. |
| Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | 2 years | The time from treatment initiation to disease progression. Progression is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. |
| Median Survival Time (MST) | 2 years | Survival is defined as the time from treatment initiation to death by any cause |
| Toxicity | Patients are followed for at least one month following end of on-study treatment. All patients who discontinue the trial secondary to an adverse event are followed until resolution, stabilization or return to a baseline condition. An average of 24 weeks | Toxicity will be evaluated per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.0. Frequency and severity of adverse events will be tabulated using counts of frequently occurring, serious and severe events of interest (i.e. Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse events). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib Cisplatin at a dose of 40 mg/m2 q 2 weeks along with gemcitabine, 1000mg/m2, and erlotinib 100 mg daily PO.
Cisplatin: Cisplatin 40 mg/ m2 on day 1 and day 15 in patients treated with Gem + Cis, with Cisplatin to be given following Gemcitabine. Cisplatin administration should be given along with hydration with NS at 250 mL/ hour for at least 4 hours pre-and during Cisplatin administration. Additionally, Cisplatin administration should be preceded by osmotic diuresis with Mannitol 25%, 12.5 grams.
Erlotinib: 100 mg orally daily.
Gemcitabine: 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 15 every 28 days. The clinical formulation is supplied in a sterile form for intravenous use only. Vials of gemcitabine contain either 200 mg or 1 g of gemcitabine HCl (expressed as free base) formulated with mannitol (200 mg or 1 g, respectively) and sodium acetate (12.5 mg or 62.5 mg, respectively) as a sterile lyophilized powder. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added for pH adjustment. | 33 |
| Total | 33 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 59 years |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 25 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 32 / 33 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 17 / 33 |
Outcome results
Primary
Tumor Control Rate
Rate of tumor control is defined as the percentage of patients achieving a complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD) at 24 weeks following treatment. Response is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), neither sufficient decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for Progressive Disease; Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Tumor Control Rate | Complete response (CR) | 0 percentage of evaluable participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Tumor Control Rate | Partial response (PR) | 7.1 percentage of evaluable participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Tumor Control Rate | Stable disease (SD) | 53.6 percentage of evaluable participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Tumor Control Rate | CR + PR + SD | 60.7 percentage of evaluable participants |
Secondary
Median Survival Time (MST)
Survival is defined as the time from treatment initiation to death by any cause
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Median Survival Time (MST) | 28 weeks |
Secondary
Overall Response Rate
Overall response rate is defined as the percentage of patients achieving a complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) at 24 weeks following treatment. Response is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD), neither sufficient decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions to qualify for Progressive Disease; Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Overall Response Rate | Complete response (CR) | 0 percentage of evaluable participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Overall Response Rate | Partial response (PR) | 7.1 percentage of evaluable participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Overall Response Rate | CR + PR | 7.1 percentage of evaluable participants |
Secondary
Time to Tumor Progression (TTP)
The time from treatment initiation to disease progression. Progression is evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.0). Target lesions are assessed by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Progressive Disease (PD), 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | 22 weeks |
Secondary
Toxicity
Toxicity will be evaluated per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.0. Frequency and severity of adverse events will be tabulated using counts of frequently occurring, serious and severe events of interest (i.e. Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse events).
Time frame: Patients are followed for at least one month following end of on-study treatment. All patients who discontinue the trial secondary to an adverse event are followed until resolution, stabilization or return to a baseline condition. An average of 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Anemia | 2 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Neutropenia | 7 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Neutropenic Fever | 2 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Thrombocytopenia | 6 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Diarrhea | 4 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Abdominal Pain | 2 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Renal Failure | 1 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Dermatitis (acneiform) | 3 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Peripheral neuropathy | 1 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Metabolic syndrome | 2 participants |
| Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Erlotinib | Toxicity | Cerebral hemorrhage | 1 participants |