Bleeding, Childbirth, Guided Imagery, Third Stage of Labor
Conditions
Keywords
third stage of labor, bleeding, guided imagery, childbirth
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of guided imagery on the third stage of labor. Blood loss from hemorrhage during childbirth, most commonly due to uterine atony, is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in the United States and the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. The hypothesis was that the use of physiologic guided imagery would reduce the amount of bleeding during the third stage of labor.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALGuided imagery
A relaxation focused guided imagery intervention was used through the remainder of pregnancy plus a physiologic guided imagery intervention was used during the third stage of labor.
Sponsors
Sigma Theta Tau International, Iota chapter
Sigma Theta Tau International, Delta Psi chapter
American College of Nurse-Midwive - ACNM Foundation
Vanderbilt University
Study design
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 34 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years of age or older but less than 35 years * English as her primary language * fetus in a cephalic presentation * singleton pregnancy * 36 to 38 estimated gestational weeks * no contraindications to vaginal delivery * maternal weight less than 200 pounds prior to pregnancy
Exclusion criteria
* more than four previous children * a history of postpartum hemorrhage * bleeding disorder * seizure disorder * polyhydramnios * diabetes (including gestational) * hypertension * cardiac disease * uterine fibroids * anemia (hematocrit less than 30) * intrauterine fetal demise or tobacco use
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Blood Loss | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Length of third stage of labor | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed