Multiple Myeloma
Conditions
Keywords
Multiple myeloma, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, Oncology
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to compare bortezomib, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide to bortezomib and dexamethasone alone for primary refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
Detailed description
This is a prospective, multi-centre, randomized (the study drug is assigned by chance), controlled, open-label (all people involved in the study know the identity of the assigned drug), parallel (each group of patients will be treated at the same time) group phase III study to determine the efficacy of the standard therapy of bortezomib and low dose dexamethasone in combination with or without continuous low dose oral cyclophosphamide for primary refractory or relapsed myeloma patients (1st - 3rd relapse). The study will consist of screening period, which may last from day -14 until day -1 before application of the first dose of bortezomib (on cycle 1, day 1), treatment phase begins on cycle 1 day 1 and continues until completion or discontinuation of all study drugs and follow-up phase. All patients will be followed up after end of treatment regardless of their response. Eligible patients will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive either treatment arms (Group A: receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone or Group B receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone plus cyclophosphamide). Patients will receive up to eight 3-weeks treatment cycles, unless they experience either unacceptable toxicity or if the patients request to withdraw from the study. The maximum number of cycles is dependent on patient response and investigator's discretion. It is recommended that patients with a confirmed complete response (CR) receive 2 additional cycles beyond a confirmation. Patients who do not achieve a CR but a partial response will receive a total of 8 cycles. For patients achieving stable disease it is within the investigator's discretion to continue study treatment beyond 6 cycles, after discussion with the sponsor. After completion of treatment the patients will be followed up every 12 weeks for up to 72 weeks. If the study is still ongoing a further follow up period will be done every 26 weeks until study end, or until the patient reaches progressive disease or start of alternative anti-myeloma therapy, if earlier. In case progressive disease (PD) has already been established during the treatment phase the patients will not enter the follow-up phase. In case of PD or start of alternative anti-myeloma treatment before the end of study the follow-up phase will be discontinued for the patient but the date of death of the patient will be documented (if applicable) before the end of study.
Interventions
Type=exact number, number=20, unit=mg, form=tablet, route=oral. The patients will receive 20 mg of dexamethasone on days 1+2,4+5,8+9,11+12 for 21 days for 8 cycles.
Type=exact number, number=1.3, unit=mg, form=injection, route=intravenous. The patients will receive 1.3mg/m2 on days 1,4,8,11 for 21 days for 8 cycles.
Type=exact number, number=50, unit=mg, form=tablet, route=oral. The patients will receive 50 mg of cyclophosphamide once daily continuously from cycle 1 to 8.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma * Primary refractory multiple myeloma or relapsed following 1 to 3 previous lines of therapy * Karnofsky performance status must be equal to 60 percentage (ie, better or equal performance than requiring some help and taking care of most personal requirements) * Has life expectancy estimated at screening must be of at least 6 months * Agrees to protocol-defined use of effective contraception
Exclusion criteria
* Not received more than three previous lines of therapy for multiple myeloma * Not received nitrosoureas or any other chemotherapy or immunotherapy or antibody therapy for multiple myeloma within 6 to 8 weeks before enrolment. Plasmapheresis must not be applied within 2 weeks before enrolment * Patients with peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain of Grade 2 or greater intensity * Patients with poorly controlled cardio vascular, vascular, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal, endocrine, neurological, psychiatric, hepatic, renal or metabolic diseases or hematological disorders * Not have oligosecretory or non-secretory multiple myeloma
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Progression of Disease | From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occurred first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication) | 'Median time to progression of disease is assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of \>=25% from lowest level in Serum M-component or (the absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter \[g/dL\]); Urine M component or (the absolute increase must be \>=200 milligram per 24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage \>=10%. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing. Development of hypercalcemia. Participants who died or dropped out due to any reason without progression will be censored with the day of death or drop-out, respectively and who are alive at the end of the study without any progression was censored with the last available date. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occured first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication) | PFS is defined as time from randomization to myeloma progression according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of ≥25 percent from lowest response level in Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL) Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage: the absolute percent must be ≥10 percent. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL or 2.65mmol/L) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. PFS included disease progression as well as death. |
| Overall Survival (OS) | From the date of randomization until Month 49 | Time interval in months time from randomisation to death from any cause. |
| Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria | Up to 46 days after last bortezomib dose, or as soon as possible after early discontinuation of study treatment or before start of alternative anti-myeloma therapy | Percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR) is reported in the below table. IMWG criteria- CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow; sCR: CR+Normal free light chain ratio and absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescencec; PR: ≥50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein by ≥90%; VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or 90% or greater reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg per 24 hour. |
Countries
Germany
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study was conducted between 23 December 2008 and 10 January 2013 and recruited patients from 42 study centers in Germany.
Pre-assignment details
A total of 93 participants were randomly allocated and they received at least 1 dose of study drug and were included in the safety analysis. Of these follow-up data on treatment response was not available for 3 participants, so, they were excluded from the Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis data set and so, ITT included 90 participants.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) Participants received bortezomib at a dose of 1.3 mg/m² body surface area (BSA) for eight 3-week cycles. Within each cycle it was administered twice weekly (on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a 10-day rest period (Days 12 through 21). They received single oral doses of 20 mg dexamethasone on Days 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, and 11 and 12 of each cycle. | 43 |
| Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) Participants received bortezomib at a dose of 1.3 mg/m² body surface area (BSA) for eight 3-week cycles. Within each cycle it was administered twice weekly (on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a 10-day rest period (Days 12 through 21). They received single oral doses of 20 mg dexamethasone on Days 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, and 11 and 12 of each cycle and single oral doses of 50 mg cyclophosphamide on a once daily basis from Day 1, Cycle 1 continuously until Day 21, Cycle 8. | 47 |
| Total | 90 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Long Term Follow-up | Death | 0 | 4 |
| Long Term Follow-up | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 0 |
| Long Term Follow-up | Other | 0 | 3 |
| Long Term Follow-up | Progression/Relapse | 22 | 24 |
| Treatment Period | Adverse Event | 16 | 15 |
| Treatment Period | Complete response | 0 | 1 |
| Treatment Period | Data not available | 1 | 2 |
| Treatment Period | Death | 2 | 0 |
| Treatment Period | Non compliance | 0 | 1 |
| Treatment Period | Progressive disease | 1 | 0 |
| Treatment Period | Protocol Violation | 3 | 4 |
| Treatment Period | Reason not specified | 3 | 4 |
| Treatment Period | Stable disease | 1 | 2 |
| Treatment Period | Withdrawal by Subject | 5 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) | Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 68 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 | 71 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 | 69 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized African | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian | 42 Participants | 47 Participants | 89 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 18 Participants | 21 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 25 Participants | 26 Participants | 51 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 43 / 46 | 46 / 47 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 15 / 46 | 14 / 47 |
Outcome results
Time to Progression of Disease
'Median time to progression of disease is assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of \>=25% from lowest level in Serum M-component or (the absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter \[g/dL\]); Urine M component or (the absolute increase must be \>=200 milligram per 24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage \>=10%. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing. Development of hypercalcemia. Participants who died or dropped out due to any reason without progression will be censored with the day of death or drop-out, respectively and who are alive at the end of the study without any progression was censored with the last available date.
Time frame: From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occurred first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)
Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) | Time to Progression of Disease | 12.6 Months |
| Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) | Time to Progression of Disease | 9.9 Months |
Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria
Percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR) is reported in the below table. IMWG criteria- CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow; sCR: CR+Normal free light chain ratio and absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescencec; PR: ≥50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein by ≥90%; VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or 90% or greater reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg per 24 hour.
Time frame: Up to 46 days after last bortezomib dose, or as soon as possible after early discontinuation of study treatment or before start of alternative anti-myeloma therapy
Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria | 74.4 Percentage of participants |
| Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria | 70.2 Percentage of participants |
Overall Survival (OS)
Time interval in months time from randomisation to death from any cause.
Time frame: From the date of randomization until Month 49
Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants received at least 1 dose of study medication were included in the ITT analysis set. Participants still alive at the end of the study or dropped out will be censored with the last available date.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) | Overall Survival (OS) | NA Months |
| Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) | Overall Survival (OS) | 41.50 Months |
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS is defined as time from randomization to myeloma progression according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of ≥25 percent from lowest response level in Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL) Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage: the absolute percent must be ≥10 percent. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL or 2.65mmol/L) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. PFS included disease progression as well as death.
Time frame: From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occured first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)
Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): all participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication. Participants without progression and who are still alive at the end of the study or dropped out will be censored with the last available date.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 12.6 Months |
| Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide) | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 9.9 Months |