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Study of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone With or Without Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Relapsed or Not Controllable Multiple Myeloma

Randomized Phase III Study on Bortezomib and Low-Dose Dexamethasone With or Without Continuous Low-Dose Oral Cyclophosphamide for Primary Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT00813150
Enrollment
96
Registered
2008-12-22
Start date
2009-01-31
Completion date
2013-01-31
Last updated
2014-08-15

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Multiple Myeloma

Keywords

Multiple myeloma, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, Oncology

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to compare bortezomib, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide to bortezomib and dexamethasone alone for primary refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.

Detailed description

This is a prospective, multi-centre, randomized (the study drug is assigned by chance), controlled, open-label (all people involved in the study know the identity of the assigned drug), parallel (each group of patients will be treated at the same time) group phase III study to determine the efficacy of the standard therapy of bortezomib and low dose dexamethasone in combination with or without continuous low dose oral cyclophosphamide for primary refractory or relapsed myeloma patients (1st - 3rd relapse). The study will consist of screening period, which may last from day -14 until day -1 before application of the first dose of bortezomib (on cycle 1, day 1), treatment phase begins on cycle 1 day 1 and continues until completion or discontinuation of all study drugs and follow-up phase. All patients will be followed up after end of treatment regardless of their response. Eligible patients will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive either treatment arms (Group A: receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone or Group B receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone plus cyclophosphamide). Patients will receive up to eight 3-weeks treatment cycles, unless they experience either unacceptable toxicity or if the patients request to withdraw from the study. The maximum number of cycles is dependent on patient response and investigator's discretion. It is recommended that patients with a confirmed complete response (CR) receive 2 additional cycles beyond a confirmation. Patients who do not achieve a CR but a partial response will receive a total of 8 cycles. For patients achieving stable disease it is within the investigator's discretion to continue study treatment beyond 6 cycles, after discussion with the sponsor. After completion of treatment the patients will be followed up every 12 weeks for up to 72 weeks. If the study is still ongoing a further follow up period will be done every 26 weeks until study end, or until the patient reaches progressive disease or start of alternative anti-myeloma therapy, if earlier. In case progressive disease (PD) has already been established during the treatment phase the patients will not enter the follow-up phase. In case of PD or start of alternative anti-myeloma treatment before the end of study the follow-up phase will be discontinued for the patient but the date of death of the patient will be documented (if applicable) before the end of study.

Interventions

DRUGDexamethasone

Type=exact number, number=20, unit=mg, form=tablet, route=oral. The patients will receive 20 mg of dexamethasone on days 1+2,4+5,8+9,11+12 for 21 days for 8 cycles.

DRUGBortezomib

Type=exact number, number=1.3, unit=mg, form=injection, route=intravenous. The patients will receive 1.3mg/m2 on days 1,4,8,11 for 21 days for 8 cycles.

DRUGCyclophosphamide

Type=exact number, number=50, unit=mg, form=tablet, route=oral. The patients will receive 50 mg of cyclophosphamide once daily continuously from cycle 1 to 8.

Sponsors

Janssen-Cilag G.m.b.H
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma * Primary refractory multiple myeloma or relapsed following 1 to 3 previous lines of therapy * Karnofsky performance status must be equal to 60 percentage (ie, better or equal performance than requiring some help and taking care of most personal requirements) * Has life expectancy estimated at screening must be of at least 6 months * Agrees to protocol-defined use of effective contraception

Exclusion criteria

* Not received more than three previous lines of therapy for multiple myeloma * Not received nitrosoureas or any other chemotherapy or immunotherapy or antibody therapy for multiple myeloma within 6 to 8 weeks before enrolment. Plasmapheresis must not be applied within 2 weeks before enrolment * Patients with peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain of Grade 2 or greater intensity * Patients with poorly controlled cardio vascular, vascular, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal, endocrine, neurological, psychiatric, hepatic, renal or metabolic diseases or hematological disorders * Not have oligosecretory or non-secretory multiple myeloma

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Time to Progression of DiseaseFrom the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occurred first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)'Median time to progression of disease is assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of \>=25% from lowest level in Serum M-component or (the absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter \[g/dL\]); Urine M component or (the absolute increase must be \>=200 milligram per 24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage \>=10%. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing. Development of hypercalcemia. Participants who died or dropped out due to any reason without progression will be censored with the day of death or drop-out, respectively and who are alive at the end of the study without any progression was censored with the last available date.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occured first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)PFS is defined as time from randomization to myeloma progression according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of ≥25 percent from lowest response level in Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL) Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage: the absolute percent must be ≥10 percent. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL or 2.65mmol/L) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. PFS included disease progression as well as death.
Overall Survival (OS)From the date of randomization until Month 49Time interval in months time from randomisation to death from any cause.
Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response CriteriaUp to 46 days after last bortezomib dose, or as soon as possible after early discontinuation of study treatment or before start of alternative anti-myeloma therapyPercentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR) is reported in the below table. IMWG criteria- CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow; sCR: CR+Normal free light chain ratio and absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescencec; PR: ≥50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein by ≥90%; VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or 90% or greater reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg per 24 hour.

Countries

Germany

Participant flow

Recruitment details

The study was conducted between 23 December 2008 and 10 January 2013 and recruited patients from 42 study centers in Germany.

Pre-assignment details

A total of 93 participants were randomly allocated and they received at least 1 dose of study drug and were included in the safety analysis. Of these follow-up data on treatment response was not available for 3 participants, so, they were excluded from the Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis data set and so, ITT included 90 participants.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)
Participants received bortezomib at a dose of 1.3 mg/m² body surface area (BSA) for eight 3-week cycles. Within each cycle it was administered twice weekly (on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a 10-day rest period (Days 12 through 21). They received single oral doses of 20 mg dexamethasone on Days 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, and 11 and 12 of each cycle.
43
Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)
Participants received bortezomib at a dose of 1.3 mg/m² body surface area (BSA) for eight 3-week cycles. Within each cycle it was administered twice weekly (on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a 10-day rest period (Days 12 through 21). They received single oral doses of 20 mg dexamethasone on Days 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, and 11 and 12 of each cycle and single oral doses of 50 mg cyclophosphamide on a once daily basis from Day 1, Cycle 1 continuously until Day 21, Cycle 8.
47
Total90

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Long Term Follow-upDeath04
Long Term Follow-upLost to Follow-up20
Long Term Follow-upOther03
Long Term Follow-upProgression/Relapse2224
Treatment PeriodAdverse Event1615
Treatment PeriodComplete response01
Treatment PeriodData not available12
Treatment PeriodDeath20
Treatment PeriodNon compliance01
Treatment PeriodProgressive disease10
Treatment PeriodProtocol Violation34
Treatment PeriodReason not specified34
Treatment PeriodStable disease12
Treatment PeriodWithdrawal by Subject53

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicVd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)Total
Age, Continuous68 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10
71 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7
69 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
African
1 Participants0 Participants1 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Caucasian
42 Participants47 Participants89 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
18 Participants21 Participants39 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
25 Participants26 Participants51 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
— / —— / —
other
Total, other adverse events
43 / 4646 / 47
serious
Total, serious adverse events
15 / 4614 / 47

Outcome results

Primary

Time to Progression of Disease

'Median time to progression of disease is assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of \>=25% from lowest level in Serum M-component or (the absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter \[g/dL\]); Urine M component or (the absolute increase must be \>=200 milligram per 24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage \>=10%. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing. Development of hypercalcemia. Participants who died or dropped out due to any reason without progression will be censored with the day of death or drop-out, respectively and who are alive at the end of the study without any progression was censored with the last available date.

Time frame: From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occurred first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)

Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)Time to Progression of Disease12.6 Months
Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)Time to Progression of Disease9.9 Months
Comparison: Null Hypothesis: The (median) time to progression is equal in both treatment groupsp-value: 0.19695% CI: [0.43, 1.19]Regression, Cox
Secondary

Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria

Percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR) is reported in the below table. IMWG criteria- CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow; sCR: CR+Normal free light chain ratio and absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescencec; PR: ≥50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein by ≥90%; VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or 90% or greater reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level \<100mg per 24 hour.

Time frame: Up to 46 days after last bortezomib dose, or as soon as possible after early discontinuation of study treatment or before start of alternative anti-myeloma therapy

Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria74.4 Percentage of participants
Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)Overall Response Rate (ORR) - International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria70.2 Percentage of participants
p-value: 0.814Fisher Exact
Secondary

Overall Survival (OS)

Time interval in months time from randomisation to death from any cause.

Time frame: From the date of randomization until Month 49

Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): Participants received at least 1 dose of study medication were included in the ITT analysis set. Participants still alive at the end of the study or dropped out will be censored with the last available date.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)Overall Survival (OS)NA Months
Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)Overall Survival (OS)41.50 Months
p-value: 0.64595% CI: [0.41, 1.73]Regression, Cox
Secondary

Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS is defined as time from randomization to myeloma progression according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death from any cause. IMWG criteria: increase of ≥25 percent from lowest response level in Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL) Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24 hour. Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels. The absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage: the absolute percent must be ≥10 percent. Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL or 2.65mmol/L) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. PFS included disease progression as well as death.

Time frame: From the date of randomization until the disease progression or participant's death from any cause whichever occured first, as assessed up to 72 weeks after end of treatment visit (ie, 46 days after last dose of study medication)

Population: Intent-to-treat (ITT): all participants who received at least one dose of study medication and in whom the primary efficacy parameter could be assessed at least once under study medication. Participants without progression and who are still alive at the end of the study or dropped out will be censored with the last available date.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Vd (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone)Progression-Free Survival (PFS)12.6 Months
Vcd (Bortezomib + Low-dose Dexamethasone + Cyclophosphamide)Progression-Free Survival (PFS)9.9 Months
p-value: 0.19695% CI: [0.43, 1.19]Regression, Cox

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Mar 9, 2026