Atherosclerosis
Conditions
Brief summary
The investigators hypothesized that circulating EMP is a useful surrogate marker of early stage of endothelial damage. To determine the effects of chronic smoking on circulating EMP, from healthy volunteers who have habit of chronic smoking, peripheral blood is drawn at the time of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) examination. Spot urine is also collected. Circulating EMPs are counted using flow-cytometry. After 2-week smoking cessation, the measurements were repeated.
Interventions
After baseline examination, the group is asked to quit smoking for 2 weeks.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* healthy individuals who have no coronary risk factors
Exclusion criteria
* hypertension * dyslipidemia * chronic kidney disease * liver dysfunction * obesity (BMI\>25.0) * cerebrovascular disease * other severe systemic diseases (cancer, inflammatory diseases, etc)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The number of circulating EMP | 2 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| FMD | 2 weeks |
Countries
Japan