Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Renal Failure, Delirium, Icu Delirium, Post-Operative Delirium
Conditions
Keywords
aki, delirium, statin, short-term, cardiac
Brief summary
Aim1a: Statin naive patient's scheduled for cardiac surgery will be randomized to 80mg atorvastatin or placebo on the day prior to surgery and then 40mg daily thereafter until hospital discharge to test the hypothesis that short-term atorvastatin use decreases: 1. acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. 2. postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery. Aim1b: Patients using statins preoperatively will be randomized to atorvastatin 80mg or placebo on day of surgery and 40mg or placebo on postop day 1 with resumption of preoperative statin therapy on postop day 2 to test the hypothesis that short-term atorvastatin use decreases: 1. acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. 2. postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery. Endpoints include glomerular filtration, urine and plasma markers of renal dysfunction, markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, systemic inflammatory markers, delirium, dialysis, stroke, myocardial infarction, time to extubation, ICU length of stay, and death.
Interventions
DRUGatorvastatin
Aim1 intervention: atorvastatin 80mg 1 day prior to open heart surgery and 40mg daily thereafter until hospital discharge. Aim2 intervention: atorvastatin 80mg the day of cardiac surgery and 40mg on postop day 1.
DRUGplacebo
Aim 1 control: placebo one day prior to cardiac surgery and daily thereafter until hospital discharge. Aim 2 control: placebo the day of cardiac surgery and postop day 1.
Sponsors
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* open heart surgery
Exclusion criteria
* acute coronary syndrome with troponin leak or unrelenting angina * liver dysfunction (transaminases 2x normal) * history of myopathy or liver dysfunction on prior statin therapy * use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as antifungal azoles, macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors, and nefazodone. * pregnancy or breast feeding * cyclosporine use * dialysis * history of kidney transplant * fibrate users who cannot stop fibrate use.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury | postoperative day 2 |
| Number of Participants With Delirium | while in ICU (about 2 days) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Stroke | while in ICU (about 2 days) | — |
| Number of Participants That Died | until postoperative hospital discharge (about 7 days) | — |
| Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number | anesthesia induction and POD 1 | mtDNA copy number |
| Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | anesthesia induction, after CPB, and POD 1 | lactate / pyruvate ratio |
| Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression | anesthesia induction and POD 1 | PGC-1alpha RNA expression |
| Urine Markers of Renal Injury | anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulm bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and Post op Day (POD) 1, 2, 3 | tissue inhibitor metaloproteinase-2 x insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 |
| Number of Participants Requiring Dialysis | while in ICU (about 2 days) | — |
| Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3. | — |
| Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3. | — |
| Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3. | — |
| Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | anesthesia induction, ICU admission, and POD 1 | measurements of neuronal injury (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-1) |
| Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | anesthesia induction, ICU admission, and POD 1 | measurements of blood brain barrier disruption (S100 calcium-binding protein B) |
| Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3. | — |
| Liver Enzyme: Aspartate Aminotransferase Level | postoperative day 1 | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
36 patients consented patients were excluded prior to randomization 14 withdrew, 12 did not require surgery, 4 had unreported baseline live dysfunction, 2 developed acute coronary syndrome, 2 had statin intolerance, 1 died prior to study intervention and surgery, 1 enrolled in another drug study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Statin atorvastatin: Aim1 intervention: atorvastatin 80mg 1 day prior to open heart surgery and 40mg daily thereafter until hospital discharge.
Aim2 intervention: atorvastatin 80mg the day of cardiac surgery and 40mg on postop day 1. | 308 |
| Placebo placebo: Aim 1 control: placebo one day prior to cardiac surgery and daily thereafter until hospital discharge.
Aim 2 control: placebo the day of cardiac surgery and postop day 1. | 307 |
| Total | 615 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Statin | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 66 years | 67 years | 66 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 308 participants | 307 participants | 615 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 94 Participants | 94 Participants | 188 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 214 Participants | 213 Participants | 427 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 308 / 308 | 307 / 307 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 14 / 308 | 19 / 307 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury
Time frame: postoperative day 2
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury | 64 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Acute Kidney Injury | 60 Participants |
p-value: 0.75Pearson x2
Primary
Number of Participants With Delirium
Time frame: while in ICU (about 2 days)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Number of Participants With Delirium | 69 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Delirium | 75 Participants |
p-value: 0.56Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Liver Enzyme: Aspartate Aminotransferase Level
Time frame: postoperative day 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Liver Enzyme: Aspartate Aminotransferase Level | 49 units/liter |
| Placebo | Liver Enzyme: Aspartate Aminotransferase Level | 52 units/liter |
p-value: 0.11Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio
lactate / pyruvate ratio
Time frame: anesthesia induction, after CPB, and POD 1
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | at anesthesia induction | 0.04 ratio |
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | after CPB | 0.06 ratio |
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | POD 1 | 0.04 ratio |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | at anesthesia induction | 0.04 ratio |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | after CPB | 0.06 ratio |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--lactate / Pyruvate Ratio | POD 1 | 0.04 ratio |
Secondary
Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number
mtDNA copy number
Time frame: anesthesia induction and POD 1
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number | at anesthesia induction | 0.40 au |
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number | POD 1 | 0.3 au |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number | at anesthesia induction | .48 au |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--mtDNA Copy Number | POD 1 | 0.43 au |
Secondary
Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression
PGC-1alpha RNA expression
Time frame: anesthesia induction and POD 1
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression | at anesthesia induction | 0.54 au |
| Statin | Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression | POD 1 | 1.02 au |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression | at anesthesia induction | 0.84 au |
| Placebo | Mitochondrial Function--PGC-1alpha RNA Expression | POD 1 | 1.37 au |
Secondary
Number of Participants Requiring Dialysis
Time frame: while in ICU (about 2 days)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Number of Participants Requiring Dialysis | 5 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants Requiring Dialysis | 3 Participants |
p-value: 0.71Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Number of Participants That Died
Time frame: until postoperative hospital discharge (about 7 days)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Number of Participants That Died | 4 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants That Died | 1 Participants |
p-value: 0.39Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Number of Participants With Stroke
Time frame: while in ICU (about 2 days)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Statin | Number of Participants With Stroke | 10 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Stroke | 7 Participants |
p-value: 0.06Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Secondary
Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B)
measurements of blood brain barrier disruption (S100 calcium-binding protein B)
Time frame: anesthesia induction, ICU admission, and POD 1
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | at anesthesia induction | 17.5 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | ICU admission | 163.9 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | POD 1 | 46.1 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | ICU admission | 163.1 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | at anesthesia induction | 17 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (S100 Calcium-binding Protein B) | POD 1 | 45 pg/ml |
Secondary
Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1)
measurements of neuronal injury (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-1)
Time frame: anesthesia induction, ICU admission, and POD 1
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | at anesthesia induction | 6.2 ng/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | ICU admission | 12.3 ng/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | POD 1 | 12.8 ng/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | at anesthesia induction | 6.7 ng/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | ICU admission | 11.6 ng/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Inflammation: Measurements of Neuronal Injury (Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1) | POD 1 | 12.2 ng/ml |
Secondary
Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes
Time frame: anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3.
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | at anesthesia induction | 29.4 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 41.6 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | after CPB | 32.3 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | ICU admission | 32.1 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 6 hours post-op | 32.1 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 1 | 28.1 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 2 | 28.5 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 3 | 32.7 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 3 | 26.5 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | at anesthesia induction | 28.8 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 6 hours post-op | 41 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 39 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 2 | 37 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | after CPB | 31.5 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 1 | 30.2 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | ICU admission | 31.6 pg/ml |
Secondary
Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans
Time frame: anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3.
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | at anesthesia induction | 45 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 59.9 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | after CPB | 57.6 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | ICU admission | 63.7 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 6 hours post-op | 42.5 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 1 | 48 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 2 | 40 pg/ml |
| Statin | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 3 | 33.5 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 3 | 38 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | at anesthesia induction | 48.4 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 6 hours post-op | 40.4 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 56.2 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 2 | 36 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | after CPB | 60.6 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 1 | 50.9 pg/ml |
| Placebo | Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | ICU admission | 64 pg/ml |
Secondary
Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes
Time frame: anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3.
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | at anesthesia induction | 1.369 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 1.750 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | after CPB | 2.71 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | ICU admission | 1.816 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 6 hours post-op | 1.464 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 1 | 1.056 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 2 | 0.792 ng/mg creatinine |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 3 | 0.870 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 3 | 0.875 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | at anesthesia induction | 1.478 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 6 hours post-op | 1.77 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 2.29 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 2 | 0.88 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | after CPB | 2.729 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | POD 1 | 1.143 ng/mg creatinine |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: f2-Isoprostanes | ICU admission | 2.9 ng/mg creatinine |
Secondary
Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans
Time frame: anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and POD 1, 2, 3.
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | at anesthesia induction | 2.146 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 2.48 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | after CPB | 3.709 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | ICU admission | 3.734 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 6 hours post-op | 3.310 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 1 | 2.344 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 2 | 2.2 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 3 | 2.16 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 3 | 2.16 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | at anesthesia induction | 2.146 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 6 hours post-op | 3.070 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 2.48 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 2 | 2.2 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | after CPB | 3.709 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | POD 1 | 2.344 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Oxidative Stress: Isofurans | ICU admission | 3.734 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
Secondary
Urine Markers of Renal Injury
tissue inhibitor metaloproteinase-2 x insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7
Time frame: anesthesia induction, 30 minutes into cardiopulm bypass (CPB), after CPB, ICU admission, 6 hours postop, and Post op Day (POD) 1, 2, 3
Population: This marker was only measured in a subset of the total study population, chosen at random.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | at anesthesia induction | 0.119 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 0.171 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | after CPB | 0.218 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | ICU admission | 0.096 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | 6 hours post-op | 0.210 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 1 | 0.189 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 2 | 0.170 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Statin | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 3 | 0.134 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 3 | 0.102 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | at anesthesia induction | 0.098 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | 6 hours post-op | 0.207 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | 30 minutes into cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | 0.169 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 2 | 0.115 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | after CPB | 0.219 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | POD 1 | 0.186 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |
| Placebo | Urine Markers of Renal Injury | ICU admission | 0.112 (ng/ml)^2/1000 |