Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
hemolysis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, cardiopulmonary bypass, albumin
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether albumin administration during cardiac surgery is effective in attenuating the development of inflammation following surgery.
Detailed description
The host response to infection and other forms of tissue injury has been termed the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is seen in association with a wide variety of non-infective insults, including major trauma and surgical procedures, including those necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this population the incidence of SIRS is high, afflicting up to 70% of patients. This may be manifest from an increased vasopressor requirement, to refractory hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with liver, renal, myocardial, and neurological problems. MODS is associated with significant mortality rates of around 30-45%. Survivors require prolonged and costly intensive care, thereby representing a considerable burden for the healthcare services. Survivors often suffer considerable morbidity and have significantly impaired health related quality of life. Despite intense investigations of anti-inflammatory therapies in SIRS and its sequelae, the case of patients is largely supportive whilst underlying triggers (such as infection) for the process are treated. Indeed, the only therapy drotrecogin alfa (activated) demonstrated to reduced mortality in a randomised study has only been investigated in patients with the most severe SIRS consequent of infection (i.e. severe sepsis) and is contra-indicated in those who have just undergone surgery. Haemolysis is a common feature of surgery requiring CPB and may potentiate the development of SIRS and organ injury through the release of heme/iron. Furthermore, haemolysis during CPB may lead to the depletion of important mechanisms which scavenge free heme/hemoglobin from the circulation. Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, has specific and non-specific heme and iron binding sites which are used under circumstances in which standard scavengers are overwhelmed. However, albumin is also depleted following CPB. It is therefore hypothesised that by priming the CPB circuit with albumin the heme/iron scavenging capability of the plasma will be maintained following surgery and that the systemic inflammatory response will be attenuated.
Interventions
DRUG20% Human albumin solution
Priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with Hartmann's solution (1000 mL), 20% Human serum albumin(300 mL), 0.9% sodium chloride solution (200 mL) and heparin (10,000 IU)
DRUGGelofusin
Priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with Hartmann's solution (1000 mL), Gelofusine (300 mL, 4% succinylated gelatin, a synthetic colloid) and heparin (10,000 IU)
Sponsors
Imperial College London
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* All patients over sixteen years of age undergoing surgery that requires cardiopulmonary bypass who provide informed written consent
Exclusion criteria
* Lack of informed consent * Pregnancy * Cyanotic congenital heart disease (due to high haemoglobin levels and increased haemolysis) * Patients undergoing other extracorporeal interventions (ventricular assist devices, extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, pre-admission dialysis) * Patients with congenital haemoglobinopathies (e.g. thalassaemia, cryoglobinuria, etc) * Patients with disorders of iron metabolism (e.g. haemochromatosis) * Religious objections to transfusion of a plasma-derived product * Patients with known blood borne infection * Patients with known hypersensitivity to gelofusine or human albumin solution * Patients with an additive EUROSCORE of 10 or more
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Time from surgery to intensive care unit discharge | Hourly |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Degree of hemolysis - free hemoglobin and haptoglobin | Prior to and at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours after CPB |
| Haematological and physiological markers of the inflammatory response - Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, white cell count and C-reactive protein | At regular intervals following CPB until intensive care unit discharge |
| Biochemical and physiological markers of organ dysfunction | At regular intervals following CPB until intensive care unit discharge |
| Haematological markers of the inflammatory response | Prior to and at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours after CPB |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed