Substance Use Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Women, Substance Use Disorders, Treatment Efficacy, Women's Health, Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a gender-focused addiction treatment model (A Woman's Path to Recovery) versus a non-gender focused addiction treatment model (12-Step Facilitation) in a sample of women Veterans with substance use disorder.
Detailed description
Substance use disorder (SUD) is problem among women military Veterans, especially younger ones. The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy a gender-focused model of SUD treatment (A Woman's Path to Recovery, WPR) compared to an evidence-based active comparator that is not gender-specific (12-Step Facilitation, 12SF), in a sample of for women Veterans. The investigators randomized 66 women Veterans, ages 18-65, who were diagnosed with current SUD and used substances in the last 90 days. The treatment phase was 12 weekly individual therapy sessions and all participants could also obtain treatment-as-usual (any other treatments they chose to attend). Assessments were conducted at baseline, end of treatment and 3-month follow up. Sample size was based on power analysis (an effect of .80 at a .05 level of significance). The primary outcome variable was substance use, with various secondary outcomes also studied (e.g., psychosocial functioning, psychiatric symptoms, coping skills, 12-step attendance). Urinalysis / breathalyzer (biological measures) were also included to validate substance use self-report. The investigators hypothesized that participants in the experimental condition (WPR) would have more positive outcomes on both primary and secondary variables compared to those in the comparison condition (12SF). The investigators also hypothesized that WPR patients would increase coping skills more and 12SF would increase 12-step attendance more, relative to the other condition.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALA Woman's Path to Recovery
WPR is a gender-specific therapy model for women with substance use disorder. It uses A Woman's Addiction Workbook to provide education and coping skills. In this trial it was conducted in 12 weekly individual sessions.
BEHAVIORAL12-Step Facilitation
12SF is an evidence-based therapy designed to facilitate early recovery from substance addiction. It is an individual model consisting of 12 sessions that use the principles of 12-step groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous, and strongly emphasizes participation in those. In this trial the model was conducted weekly.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female Veteran * 18-65 years of age * Meet DSM-IV criteria for current SUD with current defined as meeting SUD criteria per the DSM-IV and having used a substance within the 90 days prior to intake (to be able to accurately evaluate changes in their substance use from baseline) * Plan to stay in the Boston area for the next 6 months * Have a mailing address and live close enough to come to the hospital once weekly for treatment and/or assessment * Able to complete the Statement of Informed Consent * Willing to participate in all assessments and breathalyzer/urine testing * Willing to provide a release of information such that study staff can contact her other providers as needed regarding any concerns during her participation * Able to obtain medical clearance * Willing to allow us to contact family and/or friends if participant loses contact with us * Literate * Not pregnant or planning to become pregnant
Exclusion criteria
* Any acute medical condition that would interfere with the participant's ability to participate in treatment, or would be of such severity as to affect the individual's psychological functioning (e.g., cancer) * Current bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders or mental retardation or organic mental disorder (determined by screening interview) * Any clinical sign that the client is not sufficiently stable to participate in the treatment, such as client's treatment provider indicating that participation in the treatment would be contraindicated * Dangerousness that would present a threat to other staff or other clients (e.g., history of recent assault) * Client is mandated to treatment * Psychopharmacologic treatment that is planned to change or likely to change substantively over the 3-month active treatment phase (with substantive defined as any addition of a new medication or major shift in dosage)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Alcohol use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Six questions comprise the alcohol composite, of which 4 are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). Breathalyzer was also obtained to verify self-report and was coded as positive (worst pathology, means patient was intoxicated) or negative (not pathological; patient was not intoxicated). |
| Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | Baseline, end of treatment (3 months), and 3-month post-treatment followup | Drug use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Urinalysis/breathalyzer is also obtained to verify self-report.Drug use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Eleven questions comprise the drug composite, of which 9 are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). Urinanalysis was also obtained to verify self-report and was coded as positive (worst pathology, means patient was intoxicated) or negative (not pathological; patient was not intoxicated). |
| Brief Addiction Monitor | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Assesses number of days in the past 30 days that person used substances including alcohol and drugs |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Family/social problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). |
| Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Self-report measure of severity of general psychiatric symptoms ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). The total scale score Global severity index (GSI) is the mean of all 53 items on the measures. The mean ranges from 0 to 4, with higher indicating worse pathology. |
| Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Medical problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). |
| Coping Skills Measure | Baseline, end of treatment, 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Self-report measure of confidence in ability to cope comprising 18 items, each scaled from 0 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). The mean across all 18 items ranges from 0 to 5 with higher scores indicating less pathology (i.e., stronger ability to cope). |
| Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Self-reported attitudes toward attending 12-step meetings; a scale of 17 items, each rated 1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely). The mean across all items thus ranges from 1 to 7 with with more positive scores indicating a more positive attitude toward 12-step meetings. |
| BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | 24 items that address how patients feel before and after receiving care. The survey measures the degree of difficulty experienced by the patient during a one-week period on a five-point scale ranging from 0 (no difficulty) to extreme difficulty (4) with the overall score ranging from 0-96. |
| Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Employment problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). |
| Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up | Psychiatric problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Of 103 screened, 82 were eligible, 21 ineligible. Of 82 eligible, 66 completed baseline and were randomized; 16 did not complete baseline.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) A gender-focused approach to addiction recovery | 33 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) An evidence-based, non-gender-focused approach to addiction recovery | 33 |
| Total | 66 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Total | 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.97 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.92 | 47.72 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.01 | 48.45 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.13 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 29 Participants | 59 Participants | 30 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants | 12 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 23 Participants | 45 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 33 Participants | 66 Participants | 33 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 33 Participants | 66 Participants | 33 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 33 | 0 / 33 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 4 / 33 | 7 / 33 |
Outcome results
Primary
Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite
Alcohol use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Six questions comprise the alcohol composite, of which 4 are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). Breathalyzer was also obtained to verify self-report and was coded as positive (worst pathology, means patient was intoxicated) or negative (not pathological; patient was not intoxicated).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | Baseline | .36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.24 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | End of Treatment | .18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 3-month followup | .23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | End of Treatment | .26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.24 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | 3-month followup | .21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Alcohol Composite | Baseline | .46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
Primary
Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite
Drug use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Urinalysis/breathalyzer is also obtained to verify self-report.Drug use and associated problems as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Eleven questions comprise the drug composite, of which 9 are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome). Urinanalysis was also obtained to verify self-report and was coded as positive (worst pathology, means patient was intoxicated) or negative (not pathological; patient was not intoxicated).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (3 months), and 3-month post-treatment followup
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | Baseline | .10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 3-month followup | .04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | End of Treatment | .04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | Baseline | .10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.12 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | End of Treatment | .06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite | 3-month followup | .04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
Primary
Brief Addiction Monitor
Assesses number of days in the past 30 days that person used substances including alcohol and drugs
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Brief Addiction Monitor | Baseline | 4.61 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 3.5 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Brief Addiction Monitor | End of Treatment | 1.96 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 2.08 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Brief Addiction Monitor | 3-month followup | 2.33 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 1.92 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Brief Addiction Monitor | Baseline | 4.48 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 3.85 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Brief Addiction Monitor | End of Treatment | 2.33 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 3.17 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Brief Addiction Monitor | 3-month followup | 1.92 days out of past 30 days | Standard Deviation 2.36 |
Secondary
Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite
Employment problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | 3-month followup | .58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | Baseline | .64 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | End of Treatment | .58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | 3-month followup | .56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | Baseline | .59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Employment Composite | End of Treatment | .54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
Secondary
Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite
Family/social problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | Baseline | .20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | End of Treatment | .14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.15 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | 3-month followup | .23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.23 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | Baseline | .29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | End of Treatment | .22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Family/Social Composite | 3-month followup | .30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.24 |
Secondary
Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score
Medical problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | Baseline | .38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.31 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | End of Treatment | .38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | 3-month followup | .21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | Baseline | .43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.38 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | End of Treatment | .33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.3 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Medical Composite Score | 3-month followup | .20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
Secondary
Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite
Psychiatric problems associated with substance use as measured by blinded-interviewer rated composite score. Several questions are answered from 0-30 (number of days in past month) and the remaining 2 are subjective Likert ratings 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with higher scores on all items indicating worse pathology. Composite scores are computed and range from 0 (worst outcome) to 1 (best outcome).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | Baseline | .43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | End of Treatment | .37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | 3-month followup | .31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | Baseline | .48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.18 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | End of Treatment | .41 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.18 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite | 3-month followup | .39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
Secondary
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure
Self-reported attitudes toward attending 12-step meetings; a scale of 17 items, each rated 1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely). The mean across all items thus ranges from 1 to 7 with with more positive scores indicating a more positive attitude toward 12-step meetings.
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | Baseline | 5.21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | End of Treatment | 4.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.42 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | 3-month followup | 4.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | Baseline | 5.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | End of Treatment | 4.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.34 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Intention Measure | 3-month followup | 4.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
Secondary
BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning
24 items that address how patients feel before and after receiving care. The survey measures the degree of difficulty experienced by the patient during a one-week period on a five-point scale ranging from 0 (no difficulty) to extreme difficulty (4) with the overall score ranging from 0-96.
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | Baseline | 36.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.32 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | End of Treatment | 33.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.15 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | 3-month followup | 29.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.68 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | Baseline | 38.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.63 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | End of Treatment | 34.12 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.9 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | BASIS-24 Psychosocial Functioning | 3-month followup | 29.57 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.31 |
Secondary
Coping Skills Measure
Self-report measure of confidence in ability to cope comprising 18 items, each scaled from 0 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). The mean across all 18 items ranges from 0 to 5 with higher scores indicating less pathology (i.e., stronger ability to cope).
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment, 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Coping Skills Measure | Baseline | 2.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Coping Skills Measure | End of Treatment | 2.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Coping Skills Measure | 3-month followup | 2.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Coping Skills Measure | Baseline | 2.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Coping Skills Measure | End of Treatment | 2.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Coping Skills Measure | 3-month followup | 2.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
Secondary
Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory
Self-report measure of severity of general psychiatric symptoms ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). The total scale score Global severity index (GSI) is the mean of all 53 items on the measures. The mean ranges from 0 to 4, with higher indicating worse pathology.
Time frame: Baseline, end of treatment (month 3), 3-month post-treatment follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | Baseline | 1.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | End of Treatment | 1.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| A Woman's Path to Recovery (WPR) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | 3-month followup | 1.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | Baseline | 1.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | End of Treatment | 1.34 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) | Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory | 3-month followup | 1.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |