Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Conditions
Keywords
FTY720, primary progressive multiple sclerosis,PPMS
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether FTY720 is effective in delaying MS disability progression compared to placebo in patients with PPMS. This was an open-label, single-arm extension study to a double-blind, randomized multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group core study. The core study completed and eligible patients enrolled into the extension study at the next scheduled or unscheduled core study visit. All patients, regardless of their treatment in the core study, received fingolimod 0.5 mg in the extension study. The extension study was terminated early after the results of the core study became available showing that the study did not meet its primary endpoint which was defined as confirmed disability progression in this population
Interventions
Fingolimod capsules at doses of 1.25 mg (prior to implementation of Amendment 5) and 0.5 mg (after Amendment 5) were administered orally once daily
Matching placebo capsules were administered orally once daily
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
General 1. sign written informed consent prior to participating in the study 2. 25 through 65 years of age inclusive 3. females of childbearing potential must: * have a negative pregnancy test at Baseline (prior to randomization) and * use simultaneously two forms of effective contraception during the treatment and 3-months after discontinuation of study medication Primary Progressive Multiple sclerosis. 1. diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (according to the 2005 Revised McDonald criteria): 2. time since first reported symptoms between 2 and 10 years 3. evidence of clinical disability progression in the 2 years prior to Screening 4. disability status at Screening * EDSS score of 3.5-6.0 inclusive * pyramidal functional system score of 2 or more * 25'TWT less than 30 seconds Extension study Inclusion criteria * Patients initially randomized to fingolimod 1.25 mg or placebo as part of the first study cohort, were to have completed at least 3 years on study drug treatment at the time of extension study initiation. * Patients initially randomized to fingolimod 0.5 mg or placebo as part of the second study cohort, were to have continued on study drug treatment until such time as the last ongoing patient enrolled in the study had reached 3 years in study
Exclusion criteria
PPMS specific: * History of relapses/attacks * Progressive neurological disorder other than PPMS * Pure cerebellar syndrome or pure visual progressive syndrome or pure * cognitive progressive syndrome * Presence of spinal cord compression at screening MRI * Relevant history of vitamin B12 deficit * Evidence of syphilis or borreliosis at Screening Cardiovascular conditions: * Myocardial infarction within the past 6 months or current unstable ischemic heart disease * History of angina pectoris due to coronary spasm or history of Raynaud's phenomenon * Severe cardiac failure or cardiac arrest * History of symptomatic bradycardia * Resting pulse \<55 bpm pre-dose * History of sick sinus syndrome or sino-atrial heart block * History or presence of second and third degree AV block or an increase QT interval (QTc\>440 ms) * Arrythmia requiring treatment with class III antiarrythmic drugs * History of positive tilt test from workout of vasovagal syncope * Hypertension, not controlled with medication Pulmonary: * Severe respiratory disease or pulmonary fibrosis * TB * Abnormal X-ray, suggestive of active pulmonary disease * Abnormal PFT: \<70% of predicted for FEV1 and FVC; \<60% for DLCO * Patients receiving chronic (daily) therapies for asthma Hepatic: * Known history of alcohol abuse, chronic liver or biliary disease * Total or conjugated Brb \>ULN, unless in context of Gilbert's syndrome * AP \>1.5xULN; ALT/AST \>2xULN; GGT\>3xULN Other: * History of chronic disease of the immune system other than MS * Malignancy (other than successfully treated SCC or BCC) * Diabetes Mellitus * Macular Edema present at screening * HIV, Hepatitis C or B, other active infection * History of total lymphoid irradiation or bone marrow transplantation * Serum creatinine \>1.7 mg/dl * WBC \<3500 cells/mm3 * Lymphocyte count \<800 cells/mm3 * History of substance abuse or any other factor that may interfere with subject ability to cooperate and comply with the study procedures * Unable to undergo MRI scans * Participation in any therapeutical clinical research study in the 6 months prior to randomization * Pregnant or lactating women * Drugs requiring wash-out period: 3 months: * Systemic corticosteroids or ACTH * INF-beta 6 months: * Immunosuppressive medication * Immunoglobulins * Monoclonal antibodies * Drugs that exclude participation in the study: * Cladribine * Cyclophosphamide * Mitoxantrone (except: patients who received a cumulative dose of no more than 60mg/m2 more than 5 years ago could enter the study) Extension study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Composite Endpoint | up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized | 3-month sustained increase from Baseline in EDSS (at least 1 point increase from Baseline for patients with a Baseline value of 5 or less or at least 0.5 point increase from Baseline for patients with a Baseline value of 5.5 or more) or 3-month sustained increase of at least 20% from BL in the time taken to complete the timed 25-foot walk test (25' TWT); or 3-month sustained increase of at least 20% from BL in the time taken to complete the 9-HPT. The 25' TWT is a quantitative measure of lower extremity function. The EDSS is a scale assessing neurologic impairment, including a series of scores in each of 8 functional systems: Visual, Brain Stem, Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Sensory, Bowel and Bladder, Cerebral and Other functions. The score ranges from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS)). The 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) is a quantitative measure of upper extremity (arm and hand) function. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume at Month 36 | Baseline to month 36 | The percent change from Baseline in brain volume was analyzed using a random coefficients model. The model included: 1) fixed effects: treatment and region and 2) continuous covariates: time, number of Gd enhancing lesions at Baseline, Baseline T2 volume, and normalized brain volume at Baseline. Time as a continuous covariate allowed for the estimation of different slopes and intercepts among treatment groups. |
| Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 9-HPT. | up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized | The 9-HPT is a quantitative measure of upper extremity (arm and hand) function designed and validated for evaluation of MS patients. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis |
| Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 25' TWT. | up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized | The 25' TWT is a quantitative measure of lower extremity function designed and validated for evaluation of MS patients. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis |
| Number of New/Enlarging T2 Lesions Per Year Measured From Baseline to Month 36 | Baseline to 36 months | Inflammatory disease, as measured by number of new or newly-enlarging T2 lesions, was assessed by Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning of the brain and full spinal cord. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis |
| Number of Gd-enhancing Lesions at Month 36 | Baseline to 36 months | Inflammatory disease, as measured by number of T1 Gd-enhancing lesions, was assessed by MRI scanning of the brain and full spinal cord. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis |
| Percent Change in Total T2 Lesion Volume From Baseline to Month 36 | Baseline to month 36 | Inflammatory disease as measured by percent change in total T2 lesion volume (mm3) was assessed by MRI. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis |
| Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized | The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a scale for assessing neurologic impairment in MS (Kurtzke 1983) and includes a series of scores in each of 8 functional systems and the EDSS steps (ranging from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS)). The functional systems are Visual, Brain Stem, Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Sensory, Bowel and Bladder, Cerebral and Other functions. Fatigue is not included in the Cerebral score of the EDSS. The score ranges from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS) |
| Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities | Baseline, 36 months | The activities subscale of PRIMUS contains 15 items and each item is given a score of 0 (able to do on own without difficulties), 1 (able to do on own with difficulties), or 2 (unable to do on own). All 15 items were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (good) to 30 (poor). |
| Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score | Baseline, 36 months | Unidimensional Fatigue Impact Scale (U-FIS), contains 22 patient-reported items that assess the impact of fatigue on cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. Responses formed a single unidimensional scale measuring fatigue impact. The U-FIS was calculated and analyzed according to the U-FIS scoring manual. The U-FIS scale contains 22 items with 5 possible outcomes for each item. Two response categories (about half the time and a lot of the time) were combined into 1 category to obtain 4 possible outcomes: 0 (never), 1 (a little of the time), 2 (about half the time/a lot of the time), and 3 (all the time). The 22 condensed item scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (no fatigue) to 66 (severe fatigue impact). |
| Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score) | Baseline, 36 months | EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single utility score. Health State Profile component assesses level of current health for 5 domains: mobility, self care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression; 1 indicates better health state (no problems); 3 indicates worst health state (confined to bed). Scoring formula developed by EuroQoL Group assigns a utility value for each domain in the profile. Score is transformed and results in a total score range -0.594 to 1.000; higher score indicates a better health state. |
| Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score) | Baseline, 36 months | The Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scaleis a patient reported measure of walking quality (Hobart et al 2003), consisting of 12 items asking patients to rate the impact of MS upon their walking ability. Responses were captured on a 3-point scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 3 (A lot) for items 1 to 3 and on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (not limited) to 5 (extremely) for items 4 to 12. All 12 item scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 12 (good) to 54 (poor) which is the MSWS-12 scale score. The total score was transformed to a 0 to 100 scale score. The MSWS-12 scale score will be transformed to a 0-100 scale score before any summaries or statistical analyses are performed. The transformed score is obtained by subtracting 12 and divided by 42 and multiplying by 100 (i.e., transformed scale score = (raw scale score- 12)/42\*100). |
| Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 up to 36 months | Concentrations of fingolimod and fingolimod-phosphate in whole blood were determined by validated liquid chromatography methods with tandem mass spectrometry. The lower limits of quantification were 0.08 ng/ml for fingolimod and 0.1 ng/ml for fingolimod-phosphate. Venous blood samples were collected for the analysis. |
| Change in MSFC Z-score and Subscale Scores From Baseline to Month 36 | Baseline to Month 36 | The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a multidimensional clinical outcome measure that includes quantitative tests of leg function/ambulation (Timed 25-Foot Walk), arm function (9-Hole Peg Test), and cognitive function (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). The overall MSFC z-score as an average of the three standardized scores derived using baseline data pooled over each treatment arm as reference population. Higher scores reflect better neurological function and a positive change from Baseline indicates improvement. |
| Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score) | Baseline, 36 months | The quality of life scale contains 22 items. Each item will be given a score of 1 or 0. A score of 1 (or 0) indicates the presence (or absence) of the symptom or adverse quality of life. All 22 item scores will be summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (good) to 22 (poor), which is the PRIMUS QoL scale score |
Countries
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (Türkiye), United Kingdom, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Patients were randomized equally to receive either fingolimod or placebo. Patients initially randomized to fingolimod 1.25 mg/day or matching placebo groups switched in a blinded manner to fingolimod 0.5 mg/day or continued on placebo after amendment in Nov. 2009. Patients were randomized to receive either fingolimod 0.5 mg/day or placebo..
Pre-assignment details
Prior to protocol amendment 147 patients received 1.25mg of FTY720; post protocol amendment 5 not all 147 patients switched to 0.5mg FTY720, only 121 switched and their data is presented under the 0.5mg dose.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| FTY720 1.25 mg to 0.5 mg Cohort 1: fingolimod 1.25 group consists of patients who were initially randomized to fingolimod 1.25 mg and switched to fingolimod 0.5 mg after amendment | 147 |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg Cohort 2: The 0.5 mg group consists of patients who were directly randomized to fingolimod 0.5 mg (i.e. AFTER the amendment) | 336 |
| Placebo Cohort 1 and 2: Patients who started on placebo continued on placebo after re-randomization | 487 |
| Total | 970 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Study (36 Months) | Abnormal Lab values | 6 | 19 | 5 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Abnormal Test Procedure Result | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Administrative | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Adverse Event | 25 | 28 | 29 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Death | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Lack of Efficacy | 11 | 23 | 64 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Physician Decision | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Protocol Violation | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| Core Study (36 Months) | Withdrawal by Subject | 12 | 32 | 46 |
| Extension Phase | Abnormal lab values | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Extension Phase | Abnormal test procedure | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Extension Phase | Admin Problems: Terminated # patients | 69 | 189 | 277 |
| Extension Phase | Adverse Event | 1 | 1 | 15 |
| Extension Phase | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Extension Phase | Withdrawal by Subject | 4 | 5 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | FTY720 1.25 mg to 0.5 mg | FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 47.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.47 | 48.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.59 | 48.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.31 | 48.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.42 |
| Age, Customized <=30 | 3 Particpants | 6 Particpants | 4 Particpants | 13 Particpants |
| Age, Customized 31 to 40 | 22 Particpants | 60 Particpants | 90 Particpants | 172 Particpants |
| Age, Customized 41 to 50 | 68 Particpants | 127 Particpants | 194 Particpants | 389 Particpants |
| Age, Customized >50 | 54 Particpants | 143 Particpants | 199 Particpants | 396 Particpants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 71 Participants | 163 Participants | 235 Participants | 469 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 76 Participants | 173 Participants | 252 Participants | 501 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 132 / 147 | 278 / 336 | 406 / 487 | 43 / 74 | 70 / 196 | 138 / 301 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 38 / 147 | 84 / 336 | 117 / 487 | 7 / 74 | 10 / 196 | 37 / 301 |
Outcome results
Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Composite Endpoint
3-month sustained increase from Baseline in EDSS (at least 1 point increase from Baseline for patients with a Baseline value of 5 or less or at least 0.5 point increase from Baseline for patients with a Baseline value of 5.5 or more) or 3-month sustained increase of at least 20% from BL in the time taken to complete the timed 25-foot walk test (25' TWT); or 3-month sustained increase of at least 20% from BL in the time taken to complete the 9-HPT. The 25' TWT is a quantitative measure of lower extremity function. The EDSS is a scale assessing neurologic impairment, including a series of scores in each of 8 functional systems: Visual, Brain Stem, Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Sensory, Bowel and Bladder, Cerebral and Other functions. The score ranges from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS)). The 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) is a quantitative measure of upper extremity (arm and hand) function.
Time frame: up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Composite Endpoint | 77.2 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Composite Endpoint | 80.3 Percentage of Participants |
Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate
Concentrations of fingolimod and fingolimod-phosphate in whole blood were determined by validated liquid chromatography methods with tandem mass spectrometry. The lower limits of quantification were 0.08 ng/ml for fingolimod and 0.1 ng/ml for fingolimod-phosphate. Venous blood samples were collected for the analysis.
Time frame: Month 3 up to 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) -The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. (N). Only participants (n) who provided one or more evaluable blood concentration were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis population. Analysis include 147 patients (cohort 1)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod (n=23, 161) | 6.24 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 2.21 |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=71,155) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=67, 160) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=32, 115 | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=62, 158) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod (n=71,155) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=55, 118) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod (n=67, 160) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod (n=55, 118) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod (n=64, 179) | 6.04 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 3.11 |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod (n=32, 115) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=64, 179) | 3.20 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.73 |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod (n=62, 158) | NA ng/ml | — |
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=23, 161) | 3.21 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.16 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod (n=32, 115) | 2.02 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod (n=67, 160) | 2.41 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=71,155) | 1.34 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod (n=23, 161) | 2.87 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod (n=62, 158) | 2.52 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=67, 160) | 1.35 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.765 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod (n=64, 179) | NA ng/ml | — |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod (n=55, 118) | 2.44 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=62, 158) | 1.32 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.676 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=23, 161) | 1.54 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.871 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=64, 179) | NA ng/ml | — |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=55, 118) | 1.32 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.591 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod (n=71,155) | 2.44 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.15 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=32, 115 | 1.19 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.618 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=32, 115 | 1.50 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod (n=62, 158) | 2.60 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod (n=64, 179) | 2.58 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.34 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod (n=23, 161) | 2.55 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod (n=71,155) | 2.59 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod (n=55, 118) | 2.63 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.38 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | End of treatment Fingolimod (n=32, 115) | 2.57 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 3 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=64, 179) | 1.40 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.747 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 12 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=23, 161) | 1.43 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.805 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 18 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=71,155) | 1.41 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.758 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=67, 160) | 1.44 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 30 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=62, 158) | 1.48 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.759 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 36 Fingolimod-Phosphate (n=55, 118) | 1.51 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 0.765 |
| Placebo | Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate | Month 24 Fingolimod (n=67, 160) | 2.64 ng/ml | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score)
EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single utility score. Health State Profile component assesses level of current health for 5 domains: mobility, self care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression; 1 indicates better health state (no problems); 3 indicates worst health state (confined to bed). Scoring formula developed by EuroQoL Group assigns a utility value for each domain in the profile. Score is transformed and results in a total score range -0.594 to 1.000; higher score indicates a better health state.
Time frame: Baseline, 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. Only subjects with a value at both baseline and at month 36 are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score) | -0.0332 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.1942 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score) | -0.0475 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.26099 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score) | -0.0539 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.22383 |
Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score)
The Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scaleis a patient reported measure of walking quality (Hobart et al 2003), consisting of 12 items asking patients to rate the impact of MS upon their walking ability. Responses were captured on a 3-point scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 3 (A lot) for items 1 to 3 and on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (not limited) to 5 (extremely) for items 4 to 12. All 12 item scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 12 (good) to 54 (poor) which is the MSWS-12 scale score. The total score was transformed to a 0 to 100 scale score. The MSWS-12 scale score will be transformed to a 0-100 scale score before any summaries or statistical analyses are performed. The transformed score is obtained by subtracting 12 and divided by 42 and multiplying by 100 (i.e., transformed scale score = (raw scale score- 12)/42\*100).
Time frame: Baseline, 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. Only subjects with a value at both baseline and at month 36 are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score) | 6.4444 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.81568 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score) | 5.5616 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.5903 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score) | 9.5899 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.98316 |
Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities
The activities subscale of PRIMUS contains 15 items and each item is given a score of 0 (able to do on own without difficulties), 1 (able to do on own with difficulties), or 2 (unable to do on own). All 15 items were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (good) to 30 (poor).
Time frame: Baseline, 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. Only subjects with a value at both baseline and at month 36 are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities | 3.5504 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.05241 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities | 2.6324 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.22256 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities | 2.8830 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.76499 |
Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score)
The quality of life scale contains 22 items. Each item will be given a score of 1 or 0. A score of 1 (or 0) indicates the presence (or absence) of the symptom or adverse quality of life. All 22 item scores will be summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (good) to 22 (poor), which is the PRIMUS QoL scale score
Time frame: Baseline, 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. Only subjects with a value at both baseline and at month 36 are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score) | 0.2424 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.18444 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score) | 0.5921 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.77704 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score) | 0.9597 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.38578 |
Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score
Unidimensional Fatigue Impact Scale (U-FIS), contains 22 patient-reported items that assess the impact of fatigue on cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. Responses formed a single unidimensional scale measuring fatigue impact. The U-FIS was calculated and analyzed according to the U-FIS scoring manual. The U-FIS scale contains 22 items with 5 possible outcomes for each item. Two response categories (about half the time and a lot of the time) were combined into 1 category to obtain 4 possible outcomes: 0 (never), 1 (a little of the time), 2 (about half the time/a lot of the time), and 3 (all the time). The 22 condensed item scores were summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 (no fatigue) to 66 (severe fatigue impact).
Time frame: Baseline, 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. Only subjects with a value at both baseline and at month 36 are included.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score | 1.3197 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.44042 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score | 2.8451 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.04769 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score | 3.1394 Score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.20929 |
Change in MSFC Z-score and Subscale Scores From Baseline to Month 36
The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a multidimensional clinical outcome measure that includes quantitative tests of leg function/ambulation (Timed 25-Foot Walk), arm function (9-Hole Peg Test), and cognitive function (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test). The overall MSFC z-score as an average of the three standardized scores derived using baseline data pooled over each treatment arm as reference population. Higher scores reflect better neurological function and a positive change from Baseline indicates improvement.
Time frame: Baseline to Month 36
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Change in MSFC Z-score and Subscale Scores From Baseline to Month 36 | -0.189 Z-scores | Standard Deviation 0.698 |
| Placebo | Change in MSFC Z-score and Subscale Scores From Baseline to Month 36 | -0.212 Z-scores | Standard Deviation 0.8468 |
Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a scale for assessing neurologic impairment in MS (Kurtzke 1983) and includes a series of scores in each of 8 functional systems and the EDSS steps (ranging from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS)). The functional systems are Visual, Brain Stem, Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Sensory, Bowel and Bladder, Cerebral and Other functions. Fatigue is not included in the Cerebral score of the EDSS. The score ranges from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS)
Time frame: up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | 54.3 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | 58.7 Percentage of Participants |
Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 25' TWT.
The 25' TWT is a quantitative measure of lower extremity function designed and validated for evaluation of MS patients. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis
Time frame: up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 25' TWT. | 54.8 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 25' TWT. | 56.7 Percentage of Participants |
Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 9-HPT.
The 9-HPT is a quantitative measure of upper extremity (arm and hand) function designed and validated for evaluation of MS patients. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis
Time frame: up to 36 months after the last patient was randomized
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 9-HPT. | 25.0 Percentge of Participants |
| Placebo | Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 9-HPT. | 24.9 Percentge of Participants |
Number of Gd-enhancing Lesions at Month 36
Inflammatory disease, as measured by number of T1 Gd-enhancing lesions, was assessed by MRI scanning of the brain and full spinal cord. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis
Time frame: Baseline to 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Number of Gd-enhancing Lesions at Month 36 | 0.05 Gd-enhanced lesions per patient per scan |
| Placebo | Number of Gd-enhancing Lesions at Month 36 | 0.21 Gd-enhanced lesions per patient per scan |
Number of New/Enlarging T2 Lesions Per Year Measured From Baseline to Month 36
Inflammatory disease, as measured by number of new or newly-enlarging T2 lesions, was assessed by Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning of the brain and full spinal cord. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis
Time frame: Baseline to 36 months
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) -The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Number of New/Enlarging T2 Lesions Per Year Measured From Baseline to Month 36 | 0.13 T2 Lesions per year |
| Placebo | Number of New/Enlarging T2 Lesions Per Year Measured From Baseline to Month 36 | 0.50 T2 Lesions per year |
Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume at Month 36
The percent change from Baseline in brain volume was analyzed using a random coefficients model. The model included: 1) fixed effects: treatment and region and 2) continuous covariates: time, number of Gd enhancing lesions at Baseline, Baseline T2 volume, and normalized brain volume at Baseline. Time as a continuous covariate allowed for the estimation of different slopes and intercepts among treatment groups.
Time frame: Baseline to month 36
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume at Month 36 | -1.49 Percent Change |
| Placebo | Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume at Month 36 | -1.53 Percent Change |
Percent Change in Total T2 Lesion Volume From Baseline to Month 36
Inflammatory disease as measured by percent change in total T2 lesion volume (mm3) was assessed by MRI. N= Total number of patients included in the analysis
Time frame: Baseline to month 36
Population: Full analysis set (FAS) - The main efficacy analyses were performed using the FAS, in patients who were initially randomized to either FTY 0.5mg or to Placebo.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTY720 0.5 mg to 0.5 mg | Percent Change in Total T2 Lesion Volume From Baseline to Month 36 | -9.2 Percent Change | Standard Deviation 30.55 |
| Placebo | Percent Change in Total T2 Lesion Volume From Baseline to Month 36 | 8.9 Percent Change | Standard Deviation 44.13 |